classification of soil
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This document provides descriptions of the 12 soil orders defined in the Indian soil classification system. It summarizes the defining characteristics of each order in 1-2 sentences. The orders described are Entisols, Vertisols, Inceptisols, Aridisols, Mollisols, Spodosols, Alfisols, Ultisols, Oxisols, Histosols, Andisols, and Gelisols. For each order it provides the root of the name and a brief description of the key features used to classify soils into that order.
classification of soil
- 4. Differentiating characteristics and description: Order - 12 Suborder - 63 Great group - 240 approximately Subgroup - 1000+ Family - Series - 500+ established in india .
- 8. Entisols: Concept-recent soils with no diagnostic horizon other than an orchric or anthropic epipedon. ent , formative element in name of order, nonsense syllabus.
- 9. Vertisols
- 10. Vertisols SOILS with swell- shrink type clays,having 30%or more clay up to 50cm depth or to lithic/paralithic contact,deep cracks when dry,at 50 Cm and have slickenide. Ert, L.verto,turn.
- 11. Inceptisols
- 12. Inceptisols Ept, L. Inceptum, beginning. Soils that have no sodic,argilic,matrix,toxic,petrocalcic, plinthite,but have an altered or iambic B.horizon, or an umbric, mollic, or plaggen horizon.
- 13. Aridisols
- 14. Aridisols Id, L. Aridus, dry (arid). Dry soils that have orchid or anthropic epipedon,and either have a salic Or a calcic,gypsic,cambic, petrocalcic, or a duripan,or have an argillic/natric horizon and an acidic soil moisture regime and an epipedon that is not Hard and massive,when dry.
- 15. Mollisols
- 16. Mollisols Oll, L.mollis,soft Moilify. Dark –coloured base rich(>50%) soils of grassland vegetation with a mollic epipedon that is not Hard and massive when dry.
- 17. Spodosols
- 18. Spodosols Od, Gr. Spodos, wood ash, podzol. Soils that have spodic horizon within 2 m but have no plaggen epipedon or an argillic or a kandic horizon above the spodic horizon.
- 19. Alfisols
- 20. Alfisols alf, pedalfer, nonsense syllabus. High base status (>35%) soils of the humid and subhumid regions with an orchric epipedon and an argillic/matrix or a kandic horizon.
- 21. Ultisols
- 22. Ultisols ult, L.ultimus, last ,ultimate. Low base Saturation soils that have an argillic or kandic horizon But with base Saturation (At pH 8.2)of <35% at 2.0 m depth below the surface.
- 23. Oxisols
- 24. Oxisols ox , F. Oxide ,oxide Highly weathered soils with an oxic horizon within 1.5m,but have no kandic horizon, or contain _>40% clay in the surface 18 Cm and have a kandic horizon within 100cm of the surface overlying the toxic horizon.
- 25. Histosols
- 26. Histosols ist, Gr. Histos, tissue. Soils that have >30%organic matter to a depth of 40cm.
- 27. Andisols
- 28. Andisols and, jap and black ando. Soils that have andic soil properties in 60% or more of the thickness between the soil surface and 60cm or lithic or paralithic Contact.
- 29. Gelisols
- 30. Gelisols el . Gr . Gel, frost churning. The soils with permafrost (temperature below 0°c ) within 1 m of the soil surface ,cryoturbation.
- 31. Thank you