classsifcation of living beings calss 9.ppt
- 1. Warm up 2/2/2015 Monday Use the chart above to answer the following questions: 1. Which taxonomic groups do these organisms share? 2. At which taxonomic groups do Dog and Human diverge? 3. According to the chart which taxonomic group is the most general? 4. Which two organisms are the most closely related?
- 2. Quiz tomorrow! OVER THE 6 KINGDOMS
- 3. Record these vocabulary words in your notebook. Multicellular Unicellular Prokaryote Eukaryote Heterotroph Autotroph
- 4. Overview of the Six Kingdoms
- 5. Vocabulary Which term means one-celled? Many-celled? multicellular unicellular Which term means that the organism produces its own food? Consumes food? autotroph heterotroph
- 6. Number of cells Multicellular- organisms made of two or more cells. Example: animal, plants, fungi Unicellular- organism made of single cell Example: bacteria, protist
- 7. Vocabulary Prokaryotic – describes an organism with cells that have a cell membrane but do NOT have a nucleus Eukaryotic – describes an organism with cells that have a membrane bound organelles and a nucleus (nuclear membrane)
- 8. Vocabulary Autotrophic – makes its own food Examples: photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs Heterotrophic – gets nutrients from the food it consumes
- 9. List of the Three Domains and the Six Kingdoms 1. Domain Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria 2. Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria 3. Domain Eukarya Kingdom Protista Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Animalia
- 10. Environment per kingdom (niche) Archaebacteria- extreme environment Eubacteria- everywhere in daily life (humans large intestine) Protista- Pond water, land, air Fungi-trees, ground Plantae-everywhere (land and water) Animalia – everywhere (land, air, water)
- 12. Kingdom and Domain Characteristics Domain Kingdom Characteristics Cell type Cell Structure Body Type Nutrition Example Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryotic Cell Wall, Peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Enterobacteria Spirochetes Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryotic Cell Wall, No Peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Methanogens Eukarya Protista Eukaryotic Mixed Unicellular and Multicellular Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Amoebas Euglenas Kelps Eukarya Fungi Eukaryotic Cell Wall, Chitin Unicellular and Multicellular Heterotrophic Yeasts Mushrooms Eukarya Plantae Eukaryotic Cell Wall, Cellulose Multicellular Autotrophic Ferns Pine trees Eukarya Animalia Eukaryotic No Cell Wall Multicellular Heterotrophic Birds Earthworms
- 13. Kingdom Eubacteria Bacteria can live in many places on earth, inhabiting a wide variety of habitats, including other organisms Unicellular Prokaryotic Autotrophic or heterotrophic Thick cells walls with peptidoglycan
- 14. Kingdom Eubacteria Bacteria come in different shapes, such as round, spiral and rod-shaped.
- 15. Kingdom Eubacteria Bacteria can cause a wide variety of diseases, such as strep throat, food poisoning and the Black Death (bubonic plague of the Middle Ages)
- 16. Kingdom Eubacteria Bacteria also play an important role in decomposition, nitrogen fixation and human digestion (E. coli) Soybean root containing billions of bacteria
- 17. Kingdom Eubacteria Procholorococcus – an autotrophic bacterium – What does that mean about how it gets its nutrients?
- 18. Kingdom Eubacteria Bacteria from an Nitrifying Trickle Filter (NTF) stained with acridene orange. The stain makes DNA appear yellow and RNA appear orange.
- 19. Kingdom Archaebacteria Bacteria that live in extreme habitats, such as hot springs, geysers, volcanic hot pools, brine pools, black smokers Unicellular Prokaryotic Autotrophic or heterotrophic Cell walls without peptidoglycan
- 20. Kingdom Archaebacteria Morning Glory Pool in Yellowstone National Park – note the bright colors from the archaebacteria growing in the extremely hot water.
- 21. Kingdom Archaebacteria Some like it hot! Bacillus infernus
- 22. Kingdom Archaebacteria Archaebacteria can live deep in the ocean near geothermal vents called black smokers There is no light, so they carry out chemosynthesis instead of photosynthesis
- 23. Kingdom Protista Extremely diverse group Eukaryotic Most unicellular, some colonial, some multicellular Autotrophic and heterotrophic Some with cell walls containing cellulose; some carry out photosynthesis with chloroplasts
- 24. Kingdom Protista Volvox – a colonial protist Euglena - autotrophic A slime mold Amoeba - heterotrophic
- 25. Kingdom Fungi Eukaryotic Most are multicellular Heterotrophic (decomposers) Cell walls made of chitin
- 26. Kingdom Fungi Stilton cheese Bread mold
- 27. Kingdom Plantae Eukaryotic Multicellular Autotrophic Cell wall of cellulose; chloroplasts present
- 28. Kingdom Plantae
- 29. Kingdom Animalia Eukaryotic Multicellular Heterotrophic No cell walls, no chloroplasts
- 32. Linnaeus developed the scientific naming system still used today. Taxonomy is the science of naming and classifying organisms. • A taxon is a group of organisms in a classification system. White oak: Quercus alba
- 33. Binomial nomenclature is a system of giving two names for organisms. – uses Latin words – scientific names always written in italics – two parts are the genus name and species descriptor
- 34. • A genus includes one or more physically similar species. – Species in the same genus are thought to be closely related. – Genus name is always capitalized. • A species descriptor is the second part of a scientific name. – always lowercase – always follows genus name; never written alone Tyto alba
- 35. Linnaeus’ classification system has seven levels. Each level is included in the level above it. • Levels get increasingly specific from kingdom to species.
- 36. KEY CONCEPT The current tree of life has three domains.
- 37. Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Animalia Plantae
- 38. Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae – 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista Animalia Protista Plantae
- 39. Classification is always a work in progress. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae – 1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera – 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista Animalia Protista Plantae Monera
- 40. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Classification is always a work in progress. – 1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera – 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista Monera – 1959: fungi moved to own kingdom Fungi Protista Plantae Animalia
- 41. The tree of life shows our most current understanding. New discoveries can lead to changes in classification. Until 1866: only two kingdoms, Animalia and Plantae Classification is always a work in progress. – 1938: prokaryotes moved to kingdom Monera – 1866: all single-celled organisms moved to kingdom Protista – 1959: fungi moved to own kingdom – 1977: kingdom Monera split into kingdoms Bacteria and Archaea Animalia Protista Fungi Plantae Archea Bacteria
- 42. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that have a prokaryotic cell structure? 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Animalia 5. Plantae
- 43. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are mostly unicellular and can be autotrophic or heterotrophic? 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Animalia 5. Plantae
- 44. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that have a cell wall made of chitin? 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Animalia 5. Plantae
- 45. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are multicellular and reproduce sexually? 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Animalia 5. Plantae
- 46. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are responsible for causing diseases such as cholera and typhoid? 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Animalia 5. Plantae
- 47. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are found in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats? 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Animalia 5. Plantae
- 48. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are used in the production of bread, wine, and cheese? 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Animalia 5. Plantae
- 49. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are responsible for the decomposition of dead organisms? 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Animalia 5. Plantae
- 50. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are photosynthetic and produce their own food? 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Animalia 5. Plantae
- 51. 1. Which kingdom includes organisms that are multicellular and have a tissue organization? 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Animalia 5. Plantae
- 52. 1. (A) Monera 2. (B) Protista 3. (C) Fungi 4. (D) Animalia 5. (A) Monera 6. (B) Protista 7. (C) Fungi 8. (C) Fungi 9. (D) Plantae 10. (D) Animalia
- 53. What is the hierarchical system of classifying living things? The hierarchical system of classifying living things is called taxonomy. It is a system of grouping organisms based on their characteristics. What are the three domains of life? The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. What are the six kingdoms of life? The six kingdoms of life are Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
- 54. What are the characteristics of prokaryotes? Prokaryotes are organisms that do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. What are the characteristics of eukaryotes? Eukaryotes are organisms that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. What are the characteristics of animals? Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic organisms that can move. What are the characteristics of plants? Plants are multicellular, photosynthetic organisms that cannot move. What are the characteristics of fungi? Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that are neither plants nor animals. They are heterotrophic and absorb nutrients from their environment.
- 55. What are the characteristics of protists? Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms that do not fit into any of the other three domains. They can be unicellular or multicellular. What are the characteristics of archaea? Archaea are prokaryotic organisms that are found in extreme environments. They are not closely related to bacteria.
Editor's Notes
- #4: Place under warm up