cloud computing models

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Learning Objectives
 Understand what cloud computing is
 Be able to describe basic characteristics,
service models, and deployment
models
 Discuss examples of cloud computing
 Discuss potential issues with cloud
computing

NIST View of Cloud Computing
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NIST promotes U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by advancing
measurement science, standards, and technology in ways that enhance
economic security and improve quality of life

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 Cloud computing: A model for enabling
convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing
resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,
applications, and services) that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal
management effort or service provider
interaction
 This cloud model promotes availability and is
composed of five essential characteristics,
three service models, and four deployment
models
Definition by NIST

5http://youtu.be/ae_DKNwK_ms
SalesForce’s CC

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5 Essential Cloud
Characteristics
 On-demand self-service
 Broad network access
 Resource pooling
 Location independence
 Rapid elasticity
 Measured service

7http://youtu.be/yW79SIVZV0g
Eg, Elasticity and Measurement

Measured Service: Utility Computing
 “Computing may someday be organized as a
public utility” – John McCarthy, MIT,1961
 “Packaging of computing resources, such as
computation and storage, as a metered service
similar to a traditional public utility, such as
electricity”
 A break in the clouds: towards a cloud
definition, ACM SIGCOMM, 2009
 Hugh computational and storage
capabilities available from utilities
 Metered billing “Pay-As-You-Go”
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3 Cloud Service Models
 Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)
 Use provider’s applications over a network
 Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 Deploy customer-created applications to a cloud
 Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Rent processing, storage, network capacity, and other
fundamental computing resources
 To be considered “cloud” they must be deployed on
top of cloud infrastructure that has the key
characteristics

Google App Engine (GAE)
 Google’s approach to CC
 “Google as the web platform”
 A platform to deploy and host web applications in
Google-managed data centers
 GAE delivers a platform and solution stack (as a
service)  PaaS
 GAE virtualizes apps across multiple servers and
data centers
 https://cloud.google.com/appengine/
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Eg, PaaS
19http://api.yandex.com/cocaine/
Cocane

GAE vs. AWS
 GAE is PaaS
 Abstract OS-independent platform is pre-built and
provided
 Users have to create a web app and deploy it to the
abstract platform
 AWS is IaaS
 Users can build their own platform within CC, called
AMI  “Infrastructure as a Service”
 Users can create a web app and deploy it to their own
platform (AMI)
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Service Model Architectures
Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Architectures
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Architectures
Software as a Service
(SaaS)
Architectures
SaaS
PaaS
SaaS
IaaS
PaaS
PaaS
IaaS

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4 Cloud Deployment Models
 Private or internal cloud
 enterprise owned/leases, for internal purpose
 Community cloud
 shared infrastructure for community
 Public cloud
 For general public, mega-scale infrastructure
 Hybrid cloud
 composition of two or more clouds

Eg, Community Cloud
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Google’s
“Gov Cloud”

Eg, Hybrid Cloud
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 Use multiple deployment models together
 Eg
 Move enterprise level apps to private cloud and
less critical apps to public cloud
IT Knowledge Exchange, by B. Gracely

New Deployment Model
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Transporter
http://youtu.be/x_TcA7gBblc
 Personal Cloud ??
 For individual or family usage

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Common Cloud Characteristics
 Cloud computing often leverages:
 Massive scale
 Homogeneity
 Virtualization
 Resilient computing
 Low cost software
 Geographic distribution
 Service orientation
 Advanced security technologies

The NIST Cloud Def. Framework
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Community
Cloud
Private
Cloud
Public Cloud
Hybrid Clouds
Deployment
Models
Service
Models
Essential
Characteristics
Common
Characteristics
Software as a Service
(SaaS)
Platform as a Service
(PaaS)
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
Resource Pooling
Broad Network Access Rapid Elasticity
Measured Service
On Demand Self-Service
Low Cost Software
Virtualization Service Orientation
Advanced Security
Homogeneity
Massive Scale Resilient Computing
Geographic Distribution

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Putting All Together
 Most clouds will require very strong security
controls
 All models of cloud may be used for differing
tradeoffs between threat exposure and
efficiency
 There is no one “cloud”
 There are many models and architectures
 How does one choose?

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Effects of Cloud Computing
 Small enterprises use public SaaS and public
clouds and minimize growth of data centers
 Large enterprise data centers may evolve to act as
private clouds
 Large enterprises may use hybrid cloud
infrastructure software to leverage both internal and
public clouds
 Public clouds may adopt standards in order to run
workloads from competing hybrid cloud
infrastructures

Issues of Cloud Computing
 Privacy
 Security
 Availability
 Legal Issue
 Compliance
 Performance
 …
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Eg, Availability Problem
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APR 20, 2011, 11:56AM

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Sunny Thoughts on CC
 Tim O’Reilly, CEO O’Reilly Media
 “I think it is one of the foundations of the next
generation of computing”
 “The network of networks is the platform for all
computing”
“Everything we think of as a
computer today is really just a
device that connects to the big
computer that we are all
collectively building”

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 Sun Microsystems CTO Greg Papadopoulos
 Users will “trust” service providers with their data
like they trust banks with their money
 “Hosting providers [will] bring ‘brutal efficiency’
for utilization, power, security, service levels, and
idea-to-deploy time” –CNET article
 Becoming cost ineffective to build data centers
 Organizations will rent computing resources
Sunny Thoughts on CC

Criticisms on Cloud Computing
 Richard Stallman (GNU, FSF, Emacs)
 cloud computing was simply a trap aimed at
forcing more people to buy into locked, proprietary
systems that would cost them more and more
over time
 Larry Ellison (Oracle CEO)
 “everything that we already do" and that it will
have no effect except to "change the wording on
some of our ads”
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Case: NYT and Nasdaq (4/08)
 New York Times
 Didn’t coordinate with Amazon, used a credit card!
 Used EC2 and S3 to convert 15 million scanned news
articles to PDF (4TB data)
 Took 100 Linux computers 24 hours (would have taken
months on NYT computers
 Nasdaq
 Uses S3 to deliver historic stock and fund information
 Millions of files showing price changes of entities over 10
minute segments
 “The expenses of keeping all that data online [in Nasdaq
servers] was too high.” – Claude Courbois, Nasdaq VP
 Created lightweight Adobe AIR application to let users view
data

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Case: Gov’s Use
 President Obama’s Citizen’s Briefing Book Based
on Salesforce.com Ideas application
 Concept to Live in Three Weeks
 134,077 Registered Users
 1.4 M Votes
 52,015 Ideas
 Peak traffic of 149 hits per second
 US Census Bureau Uses Salesforce.com Cloud
Application
 Project implemented in under 12 weeks
 2,500+ partnership agents use Salesforce.com for 2010 decennial
census
 Allows projects to scale from 200 to 2,000 users overnight to meet
peak periods with no capital expenditure

Hype Cycle for CC (Gartner, 2010)
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Pros of CC
 Lower-cost computers for end users
 Improved performance on users’ PC
 Lower IT infrastructure and software costs
 Fewer maintenance issues
 Instance software updates
 Unlimited storage capacity
 Increased data safety
 Easier group collaboration
 Universal access to data/documents
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Cons of CC
 Requires a constant internet connection
 Doesn’t work well with low-speed
connections
 Can be slower than using desktop software
 Features might be more limited
 Stored data might not be secure
 If the cloud loses your data, big problem
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Who Benefits from CC?
 Collaborators
 Road warriors
 Cost-conscious users
 Cost-conscious IT departments
 Users with increasing needs
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Who Shouldn’t be Using CC?
 The Internet-impaired
 Offline workers
 The security conscious
 Anyone married to existing applications
 Eg, MS Office (now one can use MS Office in CC
too)
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Using CC Services (SaaS)
 Calendars, Schedules, & Task Management
 Event & Contact Management
 Email
 Project Management
 Word Processing, Spreadsheets, &
Presentations
 Databases
 Storing & Sharing files
 Sharing digital photographs
 Sharing songs and videos
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Presentation Services in CC
 Collaborating on presentations in CC
 Web-based or Phone-based presentation app
 Pros
 Users from multiple locations can co-work
 No need to carry around presentation files
 Cost-effective—free or nominal fee !
 Cons
 Network access is critical
 Don’t always have the same range of features
 Compatibility issue with existing presentations
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Sharing Presentations in CC
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 Web-based services that aim at sharing (not
editing) existing presentation files in CC
 Upload existing presentation files for sharing
 Supports formats like PPT, PDF, or ODP
 Cannot edit existing files
 Eg,
 AuthorStream.com
 SlideBoom.com
 SlideShare.net

Database Services in CC
 Dabbledb.com  acquired by Twitter (2010)
 Teamdesk.net
 Trackvia.com
 Baseportal.com
 Springbase.com
 Viravis.com
 Infodome.com
 Creator.zoho.com
 Quickbase.intuit.com
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Reference
 Cloud Computing: Web-Based Applications That
Change the Way You Work and Collaborate
Online, Michael Miller, Que Publishing, 2009
 Dot.Cloud: The 21st Century Business Platform
Built on Cloud Computing, Peter. Fingar,
Meghan-Kiffer Press, 2009
 Cloud Computing Tutorial, Peter Mell and Tim
Grance, NIST, 2009
 Many pages of this slide are adopted with the
permission of the authors
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