11. 1984 Drs. Nevins and Skurow : 若與補綴物有關,應該加上牙齦溝深度 Biologic width = 0.69mm +0.97 mm + 1.07 mm = 2.73 mm -> Biologic width 約為 3mm 左右 兩種生物寬度 (Biologic width ) 的界限考慮: 1.B.W. + 0.5 mm = 3.5 mm -> 適用於遭牙周疾病破壞,牙冠牙根比率不佳者,比 3mm 多提供 0.5mm ,來確保牙周復原後,補綴物的邊緣成 supragingival , 便於以後的磨削 2.B.W. + 1.5 mm = 4.5 mm -> 適用於牙冠齒質嚴重缺損,牙冠牙根比率佳的病例,比前一各 多 1mm ,提供圍箍效應 (ferrule effect) ,減少未來補綴物與冠心 根柱受力後旋轉脫離
12. Surgery Method for CLP 1. Excessive Gingival Display 2 Apically Positioned flap 3. Bone contouring
13. Excessive Gingival Display Gummy smile Insufficient length of the clinical crowns Gingival margin resides over 1 mm coronal to the CEJ. Gingivectomy / gingiyoplasty precedure
15. Apically positioned flap with bone recontouring At least 4 mm of sound tooth structure must be exposed at time of surgery healing supracrestal soft tissues will proliferate coronally to cover 2-3 mm of the root, leaving only 1-2mm of supragingivally located sound tooth structure
16. Apically positioned flap with bone recontouring problem tooth and adjacent teeth to reduce the osseous profile
17. Apically positioned flap with bone recontouring Indication --multiple teeth in a quadrant or sextant of the dentition Contraindication --single teeth in the esthetic zone