COCOMO Model in software project management
- 1. Syed Hassan Ali Hashmi COCOMO MODEL
- 2. Content • Introduction To COCOMO • Classes Of COCOMO • Organic • Semi-detached • Embedded • Stages Of COCOMO • Basic COCOMO • Intermediate COCOMO • Detailed COCOMO
- 4. COCOMO
- 5. COCOMO • COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) is an software cost estimation model developed by Barry Boehm in 1981 and is based on the study of 63 projects, which make it one of the best-documented models. • The COCOMO model is partially based on evaluating projects by size or lines of code. • COCOMO provides a helpful framework to try to determine the cost and scope of a software project.
- 7. 1.Organic Projects 2.Semi-Detach 3.Embedded Project Classes Of COCOMO
- 8. Classes OF COCOMO A development project can be treated of the organic type, if the project deals with developing a well-understood application program, the size of the development team is reasonably small, and the team members are experienced in developing similar methods of projects. Examples of this type of projects are simple business systems, simple inventory management systems, and data processing systems. 1.Organic Projects
- 9. Classes OF COCOMO A development project can be treated with semidetached type if the development consists of a mixture of experienced and inexperienced staff. Team members may have finite experience in related systems but may be unfamiliar with some aspects of the order being developed. Example of Semidetached system includes developing a new operating system (OS), a Database Management System (DBMS), and complex inventory management system 2.Semi-detached Project
- 10. Classes OF COCOMO A development project is treated to be of an embedded type, if the software being developed is strongly coupled to complex hardware For Example: ATM, Air Traffic control. 3.Embedded Projects
- 12. 3.Detailed1.Basic 2.Intermediate Stages OF COCOMO
- 13. Stages OF COCOMO The basic COCOMO model provide an approximate estimate of the project parameters. • Efforts • Development time • People requires Software development effort is estimate using LOC(Lines of code) Effort = E =a1*(KLOC) ^a2 PM Development Time = D = b1*(efforts)^b2 Months People Required = P = E/D 1.Basic COCOMO
- 14. A1 A2 B1 B2 Organic 2.4 1.05 2.5 0.38 Semi Detached 3.0 1.12 2.5 0.35 Embedded 3.6 1.20 2.5 0.32 Basic COCOMO Constant
- 15. Stages OF COCOMO Estimation of 50 KLOC for an organic project PM = 2.4 (50)^1.05 ~= 146 mm TDEV = 2.5 (146)^0.38 ~= 16 month Team = 146 / 16 ~= 9 person 1.Basic COCOMO Example
- 16. Stages OF COCOMO The intermediate COCOMO model refines the initial estimates obtained through the basic COCOMO model by using a set of 15 cost drivers based on various attributes of software engineering. • Product attributes • Hardware attributes • Personnel attributes • Project attributes E=a1 (KLOC) a2*EAF D=b1 (E)db2 EAF = Effort Adjustment Factor derived from the Cost Drivers 2.Intermediate Projects
- 19. A1 A2 B1 B2 Organic 2.4 1.05 2.5 0.38 Semi Detached 3.0 1.12 2.5 0.35 Embedded 3.6 1.20 2.5 0.32 Intermediate COCOMO Constant
- 20. Stages OF COCOMO In detailed COCOMO, the whole software is differentiated into multiple modules, and then we apply COCOMO in various modules to estimate effort and then sum the effort. The Six phases of detailed COCOMO are: • Planning and requirements • System structure • Complete structure • Module code and test • Integration and test • Cost Constructive model 3.Detailed COCOMO