![[1]NADH/NADPH(Nicotinamide nucleotides)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coenzymespresentation-210522170034/85/Coenzymes-Structure-and-function-4-320.jpg)
![[2] FAD/FMN(Flavin nucleotides)
REACTION MECHANISM
FORMATION OF FORMATION OF
PRODUCT PRODUCT
WITHOUT SEMIQUINONE WITH SEMIQUINONE
AS INTERMEDIATE AS INTERMEDIATE](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coenzymespresentation-210522170034/85/Coenzymes-Structure-and-function-6-320.jpg)
![[3] COENZYME-A](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coenzymespresentation-210522170034/85/Coenzymes-Structure-and-function-8-320.jpg)
![[4] ADENOSINE PHOSPHATES](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coenzymespresentation-210522170034/85/Coenzymes-Structure-and-function-9-320.jpg)
![[5] PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATES](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coenzymespresentation-210522170034/85/Coenzymes-Structure-and-function-10-320.jpg)
![[6] THIAMINE PYROPHOSPHATE](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coenzymespresentation-210522170034/85/Coenzymes-Structure-and-function-12-320.jpg)
![[7] BIOTIN
ACETYL-CoA CARBOXYLASE
BCCP
BIOTIN CARBOXYLASE
CARBOXYLTRANSFERASE](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coenzymespresentation-210522170034/85/Coenzymes-Structure-and-function-14-320.jpg)
![[8] TETRAHYDROFOLATE(TH4)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coenzymespresentation-210522170034/85/Coenzymes-Structure-and-function-15-320.jpg)
![[9] VITAMIN-B12](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/coenzymespresentation-210522170034/85/Coenzymes-Structure-and-function-17-320.jpg)
Coenzymes : Structure and function
- 1. SEMINAR PRESENTATION COENZYMES :STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION BY: S. DASH
- 2. WHAT ARE COENZYMES????????? • Coenzymes are small molecules. • They cannot by themselves catalyze a reaction but they can help enzymes to do so. • They are organic nonprotein molecules that bind with the protein molecule (apoenzyme) to form the active enzyme (holoenzyme).
- 3. • Most of the B vitamins (see vitamin B complex) are coenzymes and are essential in facilitating the transfer of atoms or groups of atoms between molecules in the formation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. • They are regarded as coenzymes since they usually bind to the enzyme before the other substrates are bound , since they participate in many reactions and since they maybe reconverted to their original form by any enzymes present within cell.
- 6. [2] FAD/FMN(Flavin nucleotides) REACTION MECHANISM FORMATION OF FORMATION OF PRODUCT PRODUCT WITHOUT SEMIQUINONE WITH SEMIQUINONE AS INTERMEDIATE AS INTERMEDIATE
- 7. REACTION CATALYZED BY GLUCOSE OXIDASE. MECHANISM FOLLOWED BY NADH DEHYDROGENASE
- 11. MECHANISM BY AMINO ACID RACEMASE
- 13. REACTION CATALYSED BY PYRUVATE DECARBOXYLASE
- 14. [7] BIOTIN ACETYL-CoA CARBOXYLASE BCCP BIOTIN CARBOXYLASE CARBOXYLTRANSFERASE
- 16. REACTION CATALYSED BY SERINE TRANSHYDROXYMETHYLASE
- 17. [9] VITAMIN-B12
- 18. FUNCTIONS OF COENZYMES: • Energy Production • Transferring Groups • Redox Reactions • Antioxidants
- 19. BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE: • Nicotinamide nucleotides : Deficiency causes pellagra. • Flavin nucleotides : Required for proper eyesight , involved in carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. • Coenzyme A :Deficiency causes dermatitis. • Thiamine pyrophosphate: Involved in carbohydrate metabolism
- 20. • Pyridoxal phosphate : Deficiency causes problems in the activity of several hormones like G.H, Thyroid etc. • Biotin: Deficiency causes hyperkeratosis • Coenzyme B12: Maturation of erythroid cells
- 21. REFERENCES: • Understanding enzymes by Trevor Palmer • Advanced textbook of Food and Nutrition by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan. • Introduction to enzyme and coenzyme chemistry by T.D.H. Bugg.