Cog psy L4 spring 2020
0 likes73 views
This document provides an overview of topics in cognitive psychology related to spatial processing and attention. It discusses key concepts like attention being needed to avoid sensory overload, metaphors like the attentional bottleneck, experiments on visual attention like the spotlight metaphor and inattentional blindness. It also covers spatial representation and neglect, with neglect being linked more to attention than low-level perception. Memory and spatial representation frameworks are discussed along with disorders like Balint's syndrome affecting seeing one object at a time.
Cog psy L4 spring 2020
- 1. Cognitive Psychology Lesson 4 - Spring 2020 The spatial brain Professor Valentina Bazzarin USAC Reggio Emilia
- 2. Deep fakes Source: https://youtu.be/x2g48Q2I2ZQ Can humans learn to detect manipulated facial images?
- 3. A spotlight on attention Attention is the process by which certain information is selected for further processing and other information discarded. Attention is needed to avoid sensory overload. The brain does not have the capacity to fully process all the information it receives. Nor it would be efficient for it to do. Metaphor of the bottleneck (e.g. Broadbent 1958)
- 5. Visual attention In terms of visual attention one of the most pervasive metaphors is to think about attention in terms of a spotlight. The spotlight may highlight a particular location in space, it may move from one location to another and it may even zoom in or out.
- 6. Entrance from stage right Actors and the hidden entrance from stage right The right hemisphere is more specialized for spatial processing and it represent the left space and, to a lesser extent, the right one. Right hemisphere lesions have severe consequences for spatial attention (neglect) Source: https://youtu.be/Ys8-a0yD-MM
- 9. But Did You See the Gorilla? Inattentional Blindness “How could they miss something right before their eyes? This form of invisibility depends not on the limits of the eye, but on the limits of the mind. We consciously see only a small subset of our visual world, and when our attention is focused on one thing, we fail to notice other, unexpected things around us, including those we might want to see.” https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/but-did- you-see-the-gorilla-the-problem-with-inattentional-blindnes s-17339778/#PBmjB0cD5yuFzX3v.99
- 10. Orienting the spotlight We can assume that the spotlight initially shifts to the cued location, but if the target does not appear attention shifts to another location (disengagement). There is a processing cost in terms of reaction time associated with going back to the previously attended location, called inhibition of return. Exogenous orienting: attention that is externally guided by a stimulus Endogenous orienting: attention is guided by the goals of the perceiver. Visual search: a task of detecting the presence or absence of a specified target object in an array of other distracting objects.
- 11. The pop out phenomenon In a visual search experiment, a target is the item that you need to find. A distracter or distractor is an item that you are not looking for, and which distracts you from finding the target. ● Searching for keys on a messy table ● Searching for your wallet ● Searching for tea-bags in the supermarket ● Searching for your name on a list of names Source: https://www.psytoolkit.org/lessons/visualsearch.html
- 12. Cross-modal integration: is space the last frontier? Spatial frames of reference may be used to integrate information from different sensory modalities such as hearing, touch and vision. Sinestesia Vs the ventriloquist effect (i.e. the tendency to mis-localize heard sounds onto a seen source of potential sounds. Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtsfidRq2tw
- 13. Losing space: Seeing one object at a time Balint’s syndrome is a severe difficulty in spatial processing normally following bilateral lesions of the parietal lobe; symptoms include simultagnosia, optic ataxia and optic apraxia. Simultagnosia is the inability to perceive more than one object at a time. 3 clinical characteristics of Balint’s syndrome: 1) Inability to perceive more than one object at a time (simultagnosia) 2) Inability to reach in the proper direction for an object under visual guidance (optic ataxia) 3) Fixation of gaze without a primary deficit of eye movement (optic apraxia)
- 14. Losing half of space: Spatial frames and neglect Is neglect a problem in low level perception or attention? Functional imaging reveals that the objects in the neglected visual feed still activate visual regions in the occipital cortex. So neglect is not a disorder of low level visual perception. One additional symptom of neglect that illustrate this point is called “extinction”: when presented with two stimuli at the same time (one in each hemispace), then the stimulus on the opposite side of the lesion is not consciously perceived.
- 15. Remembering space Does the hippocampus store a long-term map of the environment? https://www.ted.com/talks/neil_burgess_how_your_brain_tells_you_where_you_are
- 16. Perceptual Vs Representational Neglect Bisiach and Luzzatti (1978) established that neglect can occur for spatial mental images and not just for spatial representation derived directly from perception. Exercise Describe a place with the mind of eye Reference frames is a representational system for coding space
- 17. Playing with our brains Memory and Attention Source: https://youtu.be/RWO2UQ4MW7U