Cognitive radio network
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This document discusses cognitive radio networks (CR). CR networks are defined as networks that are aware of their surroundings and can dynamically reconfigure their characteristics. The document outlines topics that will be discussed including CR antennas, mechanisms, accessibility, adaptivity, scalability, reliability and interconnectivity. It provides examples of how CR networks improve these qualities and can sense spectrum usage, analyze it, decide on parameters, and tune transmissions accordingly using reconfigurable antennas. The document compares CRs to conventional radios and outlines benefits of CRs such as functioning in challenging conditions and identifying unused spectrum. It mentions xG Technology developed CR network technology called xMax.
Cognitive radio network
- 1. Cognitive radio network (CR) Prepared by : Ola Mashaqi Suhad Malayshi Submitted to Dr. Saed Tarapiah
- 2. Topics to be discussed 1. What is CR Network 2. CR antennas 3. CR mechanism 4. CR network accessibility, adaptively ,scalability , reliability and Interconnectivity 5. How Cognitive Radio Works 5. Cognitive Radios vs. Conventional Radios 6. Cognitive Radio benefits 7. Application of cognitive radio
- 3. What is CR Network ? CR able to monitor, sense, and detect the conditions of their operating environment, and dynamically reconfigure their own characteristics to best match conditions those conditions Interference… path loss.. shadowing …multipath fading
- 4. CONT. CR can be defined as “…a radio that is aware of its surroundings and adapts intelligently”. Cognitive radio networks, like xG’s xMax system, represent an innovative approach to wireless engineering in which radios are designed with an unused level of intelligence
- 5. intelligence at all the 7 layers of the “OSI” model. CR uses intelligent signal processing (ISP) at the physical layer of a wireless system and is achieved by combining ISP with software defined radio (SDR)
- 6. CR network mechanism 1.Sense -> Sensing antenna 2.Analyze 3.Decide 4.Tune in -> Reconfigurable antenna
- 7. CR ANTENNAS “ Sensing antenna” Wide band antenna which Continuously monitors The frequency spectrum for activity “ Reconfigurable antenna” narrow-band antenna which dynamically tune to a specific range within the frequency spectrum to perform data transfer
- 8. C. R. Network improve ACCESSIBILITY access various networks and services
- 9. C. R. Network improve ADAPTABILITY When user roams across borders, the device performs selfadjustment to stay in submission with local radio operations and emissions regulations.
- 10. C. R. Network improve INTERCONNECTIVITY multi-terminal / multi-frequency communication devices.
- 11. C. R. Network improve SCALABILITY The network can potentially scale to large numbers of users
- 12. C. R. Network improve RELIABILITY self-configuringmesh wireless networks avoid failure by rerouting around node failures or congestion areas
- 13. How Cognitive Radio Works
- 14. How Cognitive Radio Works • Using complex calculations, cognitive radios can identify potential impairments to communications quality in their environment, for example, interference, path loss, shadowing and multipath fading • They can then adjust their transmitting parameters, such as power output, frequency, and modulation to ensure an optimized communications experience for users
- 15. Cognitive Radios vs. Conventional Radios Conventional Cognitive • operating in interference-free spectrum • Unable to dynamically change parameters, channels or spectrum bands in response to interference • View congested radio spectrum as essentially unusable for communications due to heavy interference • function in challenging conditions • quickly identify unused “gaps” in spectrum that are not being used • find and tune to other spectrum if interference is detected on the frequencies being used (example - xMax samples, detects and determines if interference has reached unacceptable levels up to 33 times a second)
- 16. Cognitive Radios vs. Conventional Radios
- 18. We have to mention … • xG Technology, Inc is The company developed cognitive radio technology • xG’s initial product is xMax, a carrier-class cognitive radio Network • These achievements have been generated by the company’s $100 million plus investment in both its own extensive R&D activity and international partnering efforts
- 19. Comparison
- 20. Cognitive Radio Benefits ►Designed to meet all FCC ►Able to identify “clean” frequencies, and to quickly tune to those frequencies ►Interference-free operation ►Can adapt dynamically to maximize throughput (and/or range) ►Compact access points (14 simultaneous calls, 6 Mbps raw data rate) ►Easy to engineer and install
- 21. Application of cognitive radio
- 22. Summary The term Cognitive Radio was first suggested by prof. Joseph Mitola 1999 controlled by powerful microprocessors which have been programmed to analyze a number of the radio channel parameters. The key feature of a Cognitive Radio is its ability to recognize the unused parts of spectrum that is licensed to a primary user and adapt its communication strategy to use these parts while minimizing the interference that it generates to the primary user. ThanQ