The cold environment discussed in the document presents many dangers to people including frostbite from low temperatures, dehydration from lack of fresh water, and hypothermia from sweating. The body's respiratory, cardiovascular, and muscular systems are all impacted by cold temperatures which can cause organ damage or freezing of lungs. To adapt, cold-weather animals have features like long noses and thick skin, while people rely on protective clothing, equipment like ski masks and heated vehicles, and storing more body fat.