Combined sci b8 syllabus
- 1. 11/04/16 B8 ReproductionB8 Reproduction Syllabus statementsSyllabus statements Statements from Cambridge IGCSE Combined Science syllabus 0653 (for exams in 2016 – 2018)
- 2. 8.1 Asexual and sexual8.1 Asexual and sexual reproductionreproduction 1. Define asexual reproduction as the process resulting in the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent. 3. Define sexual reproduction as the process involving the fusion of haploid nuclei to form a diploid zygote and the production of genetically dissimilar offspring.
- 3. 8.2 Sexual reproduction in plants8.2 Sexual reproduction in plants 1. Identify and draw, using a hand lens if necessary, the sepals, petals, stamens, anthers, carpels, ovaries and stigmas of one, locally available, named, insect-pollinated, dicotyledonous flower, and examine the pollen grains under a light microscope or in photomicrographs. 2. Use a hand lens to identify and describe the anthers and stigmas of one, locally available, named, wind-pollinated flower.
- 4. 8.2 Sexual reproduction in plants8.2 Sexual reproduction in plants 3. State the functions of the sepals, petals, anthers, stigmas and ovaries. 4. Candidates should expect to apply their understanding of the flowers they have studied to unfamiliar flowers.
- 5. 8.2 Sexual reproduction in plants8.2 Sexual reproduction in plants 5. Define pollination as the transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant (anther of stamen) to the female part of the plant (stigma). 6. Name the agents of pollination. 7. Compare the different structural adaptations of insect-pollinated and wind-pollinated flowers.
- 6. 8.2 Sexual reproduction in plants8.2 Sexual reproduction in plants 8. Investigate and state the environmental conditions that affect germination of seeds: requirement for water and oxygen, suitable temperature.
- 7. 8.3 Sexual reproduction in humans8.3 Sexual reproduction in humans 1. Identify on diagrams of the male reproductive system, the testes, scrotum, sperm ducts, prostate gland, urethra and penis, and state the functions of these parts. 3. Identify on diagrams of the female reproductive system, the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina, and state the functions of these parts.
- 8. 8.3 Sexual reproduction in humans8.3 Sexual reproduction in humans 4. Describe the menstrual cycle in terms of changes in the uterus and ovaries.
- 9. 8.3 Sexual reproduction in humans8.3 Sexual reproduction in humans 2. Compare male and female gametes in terms of size, numbers and mobility 5. Describe fertilisation in terms of the joining of the nuclei of male gamete (sperm) and the female gamete (egg). 6. Outline early development of the zygote simply in terms of the formation of a ball of cells that becomes implanted in the wall of the uterus.
- 10. 8.3 Sexual reproduction in humans8.3 Sexual reproduction in humans 7. Indicate the functions of the amniotic sac and amniotic fluid. 8. Describe the function of the placenta and umbilical cord in relation to exchange of dissolved nutrients, gases and excretory products (no structural details are required). 9. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of breast-feeding compared with bottle-feeding using formula milk.
- 11. 8.3 Sexual reproduction in humans8.3 Sexual reproduction in humans 10 Describe the methods of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the ways in which HIV/AIDS can be prevented from spreading. 11. Outline how HIV affects the immune system in a person with HIV/AIDS.