Common Nutritional Problem.pdf

Nutritional Problem
A nutritional problem or deficiency refers to a
condition when an individual's body experiences
a shortage of essential nutrients or some specific
nutrient. Such problems can give rise to several
health issues such as anemia.

• The prevalence of malnutrition in Bangladesh
is among the highest in the world.
• Millions of children and women suffer from
one or more forms of malnutrition including
low birth weight, wasting, stunting,
underweight, Vitamin A deficiencies, iodine
deficiency disorders and anemia.
• Globally, malnutrition is attributed to almost
one-half of all child deaths.

Nutrient Classifications
How many types of nutrients are there?
There are more than 40 different kinds of nutrients
in food and they can generally be classified into the
following 6 major groups:
• Carbohydrates — a macronutrient.
• Lipids/Fat — a macronutrient.
• Proteins — a macronutrient.
• Water — a non-food macronutrient.
• Minerals — a micronutrient.
• Vitamins — a micronutrient.

Nutritional Deficiency?
• Your body requires several vitamins and
minerals for optimal functioning and disease
prevention. These vitamins and minerals are
called micronutrients.
• A nutritional deficiency occurs when your
body doesn’t receive or cannot absorb a
specific nutrient in the amount required. If
this is prolonged, it can lead to dangers.

What Are The Most Common Nutrient
Deficiencies?
• Iron Deficiency (Causes Anemia)
• Iodine Deficiency (Causes Goiter And Hypothyroidism)
• Vitamin A Deficiency (Causes Night Blindness,
Xerophthalmia)
• Vitamin B-Complex Deficiency
• Vitamin C Deficiency (Causes Scurvy)
• Vitamin D Deficiency (Causes Rickets and
Osteomalacia)
• Calcium Deficiency (Causes Hypocalcemia)
• Magnesium Deficiency (Causes Hypomagnesemia)
• Zinc Deficiency

Symptoms of a Vitamin A Deficiency
• Night blindness- This causes you to have trouble
seeing in low light. It will eventually lead to complete
blindness at night.
• Xerophthalmia- With this condition, the eyes may
become very dry and crusted, which may damage
the cornea and retina.
• Infection- A person with a vitamin A deficiency can
experience more frequent health concerns as they
will not be able to fight off infections as easily.
• Bitot spots- This condition is a buildup of keratin in
the eyes, causing hazy vision.

• Skin irritation- People experiencing vitamin A deficiency could
have problems with their skin, such as dryness, itching, and
scaling.
• Keratomalacia- This is an eye disorder involving drying and
clouding of the cornea — the clear layer in front of the iris and
pupil.
• Keratinisation- This is a process by which cells become filled
with keratin protein, die, and form tough, resistant structures
in the urinary, gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.
• Stunted growth- Not having enough vitamin A could delay
growth or cause children to experience slow bone growth or
stunted growth.
• Fertility- A deficiency in vitamin A may cause challenges when
trying to conceive a child, and in some cases, infertility.

There are eight B vitamins
• Thiamine (B1): Assists in the growth and
function of various cells
• Riboflavin (B2): Assists in the growth of cells,
energy production and the breakdown of fats
• Niacin (B3): Helps release energy from food,
create cholesterol and fats and create and
repair DNA
• Pantothenic acid (B5): Helps break down fats
and perform other metabolic functions

• Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine): Helps enzymes
perform various functions, supports brain and
immune health
• Biotin (B7): Helps enzymes break down fats,
carbohydrates and proteins from food
• Folate (B9): Helps form DNA and RNA and
assists in protein metabolism
• B12 (cobalamin): Assists in forming red blood
cells and DNA

• Thiamine (B1) deficiency:
A person with a thiamin deficiency may experience:
weight loss
little or no appetite
memory problems or confusion
heart problems
tingling and numbness in the hands and feet
loss of muscle mass
poor reflexes

• Riboflavin (B2) deficiency:
skin disorders
sores at the corners of the mouth
swelling of the mouth and throat
swollen, cracked lips
hair loss
red, itchy eyes
Having a severe riboflavin deficiency can lead to anemia
and cataracts. Being riboflavin deficient during pregnancy
can create a higher risk certain birth defects.

• Niacin (B3) deficiency:
Severe niacin deficiency leads to pellagra, which may cause:
brown discoloration on skin exposed to sunlight
patches of skin with a rough appearance
a bright red tongue
vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation
headache
fatigue
Depression
If pellagra goes untreated, it can lead to severe memory
problems, behavioral changes, and suicidal behavior. It
may also lead to an extreme loss of appetite or death.

• Pantothenic acid (B5) Deficiency:
numbness and burning of the hands and feet
headache
irritability
restlessness and poor sleep
a lack of appetite

• Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency:
Vitamin B-6 deficiency may cause:
anemia
scaling on the lips
cracks at corners of the mouth
swollen tongue
weakened immune system
confusion
depression

• Biotin (B7) deficiency:
biotin deficiency include:
thinning of the hair
a scaly rash around eyes, nose, and mouth
brittle nails
depression
fatigue

• Folate (B9) deficiency:
folate deficiency may include:
weakness
headache
heart palpitations
irritability
sores on the tongue or in the mouth
skin, hair, or nail changes

• B12 (cobalamin) deficiency:
Vitamin B-12 deficiency usually causes a condition called
megaloblastic anemia.
B-12 deficiency can include:
fatigue
weight loss
constipation
loss of appetite
numbness and tingling in the hands and feet
memory problems
depression

Common Nutritional Problem.pdf

Common Nutritional Problem.pdf

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Common Nutritional Problem.pdf