Communication Process zromba.ppt
- 2. COMMUNICATION Presented by Mohamed Ali Zromba Demonstrator in Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department Faculty of nursing – Monsoura University
- 3. Communication is a basic for human relationship, without it, there is no sort of relation will developed. As a psychiatric nurse, it is very important to understand the client and being understood by the client. This can be attained through studying communication process. Introduction
- 4. Definition -Communication is a continuous circular process by which information such as ideas attitudes and feeling is transmitted between people and their environment .
- 5. Purpose of Communication 1-To understand and be understood. 2-Communicate our beliefs & values. 3-Communicate perceptions & meanings. 4-Convey interest and understanding or insult and judgment. 5-Interaction with others gives the individual sense of identity and being a person’s . 6-Maintain, establish productive relationship.
- 6. Communication Model *Berlo’s model 1- The stimulus (referent). 2- Sender (encoder). 3- Message. 4- Medium (channel) 6- feedback
- 7. 1-The Stimulus The stimulus can be a need for information , comfort , or advice . Ex :- A stimulus in a nurse might be the perception the client is feeling discomfort or confusion. A stimulus a client is feeling discomfort , pain or anxiety.
- 8. 2-The Sender - Is the person who initiates the transmission of information (verbal and nonverbal)
- 9. 3-The Message It is the information sent or expressed by other . The clearest message are those that are well organized and expressed in a familiar manner to the reciver.
- 10. 4-Mediums (Channel) A message can be sent through an auditory (hearing) , visual (seeing) or tactile (touch) medium. Ex. A person may send a very clear message through silence , body language ,or hug .
- 11. 5-Receiver (Decoder) Is the person who receives the message.. the receiver may then respond to the sender by giving feedback to the sender.
- 12. 6- Feed back: Is the measure by which the effectiveness of the message is gauged.
- 13. Types of Communication 1-intrapersonal. 2-interpersonal . 3-public . 4-social . 5-collegial . 6-Therapeutic.
- 14. 1-Intrapersonal occur when people communicate within themselves . Ex .self evaluation –personal talk . 2-Interpersonal Communication between groups of two persons and in small groups.
- 15. 3-Public Communication A communication between a person and several other people. Its most common form is the presentation of a public speech.
- 16. 4- Social Communication It occurs every day setting among people who are friends , relatives . it occurs in work politics ,social activities and vocations. This type of communication does not have a specific goal. It is likely to be superficial.
- 17. 5-Collegial Communication It occurs among colleagues within a profession such as nursing or medicine ,psychology . Its purpose is collaboration in the treatment of clients.
- 18. 6-Therapeutic Communication; It occurs between helper and client . the content is meaningful not superficial . focusing on client’s areas of concern. Uses specialized professional skills primarily therapeutic interpersonal communication.
- 19. Therapeutic Communication The nurse activity listens to each client and responds in ways that convey acceptance and understanding. Clinical setting; private, quiet, confidential, and safe environment. . Learned skill, purposeful, client-focused, client sets goals; planned, difficult, intense; disclosure of personal information by client; meaningful and personal, but not intimate relationship occurs
- 20. Elements (modes) of Communication Communication consists of verbal and nonverbal elements . 10% verbal & 90% nonverbal . Effective communicator means using both verbal and nonverbal cues .
- 21. 1- verbal communication Consists of all wards a person speaks language is expression of ideas & all written wards
- 22. Nonverbal Communication It is communication without wards . It does not encompass language but can be vocal or nonvocal.
- 23. It includes ; 1-Kinetics ,(body motion) 2-Paralanguage ( voice quality and use of sounds in non language vocalization. 3-proxemics ,(use of space) 4-Appearance ,(use of clothing and other objects).
- 24. 1-kinesies It refers to the study of body motion . the face and body communicate even when people are silent , facial expression , posture , gestures ,eye movements and touch.
- 25. & Facial expression ; it is the most important source of nonverbal messages. Posture; ex. Withdrawn clients often walk or sit in closed position.
- 26. & Body movement &gestures ; hand gestures can convey indifference , relaxation , excitement or agitation. Eye contact , can communicate level of interest or depression . However eye contact may be culturally related.
- 27. & lack of directed eye contact may be communicating avoidance, shame , low self- esteem or embarrassment. touch ; touch communicates feeling ranging from tenderness& warmth . The use of touch is determined by cultural norms .
- 28. 2-paralanguge ; It includes tone of voice , spacing of wards & it includes non language vocalizations such as sobbing and laughing .
- 29. 3-proxemics ; Is the study of spatial relationships during personal transactions , use of space which depending on people's cultural background. Intimate Personal Public Consultive
- 30. 4-Appearance It refers to the way in which people use clothing and other objects to convey a message. Appearance can confirm or deny verbal messages , clothing , hairstyles , makeup , eye glasses are some articles that people put together in unique ways . A change in person’s appearance can indicate developing problems.
- 31. Factors that influence the communication process 1-personal factors: - That can impede accurate transmission of a message including (emotional state- knowledge level-language used- perception) 2- Social factors: Culture differences, previous experiences, social status. 3- Environmental factors: Noise, lack of privacy and uncomfortable accommodations.
- 32. Successful communication:- The message should be clear, well organized, simple, and appropriate to the receiver level, back ground and culture. Feedback: Return Response that indicates the effect made by communication received. Appropriateness / Relevance. Flexibility: The absence of over control or under control Efficiency: Communication understood, simple and clear The communication must have a goal, and not left to chance. Select settings that insure privacy and confidentiality eliminate any possible environmental and personal distraction.
- 33. Blocks to communication Changing the subject. Stating personal opinions and ideas. Giving false reassurance. Jumping to conclusions, offering solution to problem. Medical terminology / jargon. Rejecting other’s point of view. Probing: asking too many questions. Distraction in the environment such as noise.
- 34. Effective communication technique 1-non talking techniques: A- Active listening. b- Silence. 2-Talking techniques:
- 35. Techniques that enhances communication 1- Give information ; purpose for being here …. The medication for…. My name is… . 2- show Accepting ; Ex. (yes) ( I follow what you say )الرأس ايماءات
- 36. 3- Giving recognition ; indicates awareness of change and personal efforts does not imply good or bad, right or wrong . Ex. Good morning Mr. Ahmed you’ve combed your hair today.
- 37. & 4- offering self ; offers presence, interest , and a desire to understood. Ex . I would like to spend time with you. 5- offering general leads; Ex . (go on) ( and then) ( tell me about it).
- 38. 6-Giving broad openings ; clarifies that the lead is to be taken by the client. ex. (where would you like to begin) 7- placing the events in time or sequence; ex (what happened before? )
- 39. & 8-Making observations ; ex. ( you appear tense).( I notice you’re bitting your lips ) زعالن؟ شكلك 9-encouraging description of perception; Ex . What is happened before? ايه؟ بتقولك دى األصوات
- 40. & 10- encouraging comparison;( has this ever happened before ?) ( was this something like …) 11-Restating; repeating pts speech by give meaning of his speech. مشابهة بكلمات للمريض الفكرة نفس اعادة ex . C; (I can’t sleep, I stay a wake all night.) N .( you have difficulty sleep)
- 41. & 12-Reflecting ; direct back to pt questions ideas and feeling. Ex. ( what should I do about my husband's affair?) N ( what do you think you should do?) Reflecting : use of pronoun “you” you feel you think
- 42. 13- Seek validation ; clarifies that both the nurse and the client share mutual understanding e.g. tell me whether my understanding agree with yours. يعنى تقول عايز انت منه للتأكد أخرى بصيغة الكالم وتعيد 14-Seeking clarification ; help the clients clarify their own thoughts . ex ( I’m not sure. I follow you ) ايه؟ تقصد
- 43. & 15- presenting reality ; (I don’t see anyone else in the room) ( your mother is not here . I am a nurse ). 16-Voicing doubt ; ex ,(really?) ( that hard to believes). بجد ! بتكرهك؟ الناس كل ان تقصد
- 44. & 17- Questioning : careful using no why ?? , close open ended??? 20-Summaring ; ex. (you said that….)
- 45. Techniques that hinder communication 1- Negative Reassuring May cause clients to stop sharing feeling. Ex. (every thing will be alright) 2-Giving approval; Ex. (that’s good) 3-Rejecting; ex. (I don’t want to hear about…)
- 46. & 4- Disapproving; Ex. (that’s bad…) 5-Aggreeing ; Ex. (that’s right).. (I agree…) 6-Disagreeing ; Ex.( I disagree with that ..) 7-Advising; ex.( I think you should …)
- 47. & 8- challenging Ex. ( If you dead , how come your heart is beating?)