Communication skill -Principles of Communication
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The document discusses principles of communication including definitions, concepts, theories, and elements. It defines communication as the sharing of ideas and feelings between two or more people through various channels and symbols. Two key theories of communication mentioned are cognitive dissonance theory, which discusses how people seek to avoid conflicting beliefs, and communication accommodation theory, which examines how people adjust their communication styles when interacting with others. The document also outlines the basic components and cycle of the communication process, including the sender, message, medium, receiver, and potential issues that can occur at each stage.
Communication skill -Principles of Communication
- 2. Unit – 1 : Principles of Communication 1.1 Communication - Definition and concept - Theories of communication - communication cycle. 1.2 Barriers to communication - causes of barriers to communication and ways of overcoming them. 1.3 A four-fold analysis of Communication skills - Skill of Listening, Speaking, Reading and writing. 1.4 Values of Communication skills in the modern context - Visual and Multimedia Communication. 1.5 Importance of Communication skills for teachers - Communication in the classroom - Teaching as communication.
- 3. Unit I Principles of Communication 1.1 Communication - Definition and Concept - Theories of Communication - Communication Cycle.
- 4. Communication? • The activity of conveying information through the exchange of Thoughts Messages Information Speech, Visuals, signals, writing, or behavior.
- 6. The Goals of Communications To change behavior To get action To ensure understandingTo persuade To get and give Information
- 8. Meaning • ‘Communis’ – Latin word – ‘to make common’ • Having common experiences with others • Edgar Dale – Communication is the sharing of ideas and feelings in a mood of mutuality • Communication Media
- 9. • Latin root word – ‘communicare’ • Means – • ‘to make common’ – which is probably derived from either 2 or 3 • cum + munus – having gifts to share in a mutual donation • Cum + munire – building together a defense like the walls of a city
- 11. • Louis Allen – • Communication is the sum of all things a person does when he wants to create an understanding in the mind of another. It involves a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening and understanding
- 12. • Keith Davis – • It is the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another. It is essentially a bridge of meaning between people. By using this bridge of meaning, a person can safely cross the river of misunderstanding that separates all the people
- 13. • Act of communicating • Ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc. or transfer any type of information and knowledge to others • Instruments, appliances, devices • Telephone, teleprinter, telegram, fax, e – mail, radio broadcasting and telecasting • Two-sided affair • Sharing process • Process of Exchange • Verbal or non-verbal • Mutual understanding of a fact, principle or theory
- 14. Concept
- 15. Concept • Sharing of ideas and feelings in a mood of mutuality • Involving interaction which encourages give and take • A process of sharing of experiences till it become common possession • A two-way process including feed-back and interaction
- 17. Characteristics of Communication • It involves at least two persons • In it message is a must • It is written, oral or gestural • It is a two way process • Its primary purpose is to motivate a response • It is formal or informal • It flows up and down and also from side to side • It is an integral part of the process of exchange
- 18. Objectives of Communication • To convey the right message • To serve coordination • To create industrial relations • To develop managerial skill • To create effectiveness of polices • To boost morale
- 19. The Purpose of Communication To gain or maintain good will To inquire To inform To persuade
- 20. Elements of Communication • Physical (the classroom & surroundings) • Social (the relationship between teacher and learner) • Psychological (formal / informal) • Temporal (time and period)
- 21. Elements of Communication Communicator / Source A person or an event which provides verbal or nonverbal cues to which someone can respond when the source is a person, he is called a sender (Teacher) Receiver / Communicatee A person who receives and interprets the message (Student) Message A set of verbal or nonverbal symbols, gestures, cues, movements, figures or words sent by the source
- 22. Symbol A symbol is something that denotes an idea / thing / fact etc. They can be verbal or non-verbal (eg. Words are symbols – speech) Channel It is the means through which message is conveyed. The channels are senses of perception which include visual (sight), auditory (hearing), tactile (touch), gustatory (taste) and olfactory (smell) Encoding It is the process of using symbols to send the message Decoding The process involves understanding & interpretation of the message sent
- 23. Feedback It is the response the receiver gives to the sender as a result of sender’s message Noise It refers to anything that distorts the message. It can be external or internal to the source / receiver
- 24. What are the most common ways we communicate? Written Word
- 25. Types of Communication • Verbal or Oral Communication • Written Communication • Formal and Informal Organizational Communication • Downward, Upward or Horizontal Communication • Cross Wise Communication
- 29. Types of communication in terms of communication situation or environment • One to one communication • Small group communication • Large group or public communication • Organizational or institutional communication • Mass communication
- 30. Modes of Communication • Speaking-Listening (Oral Communication) • Visualizing-Observing (Visual Communication) • Speaking-Visualizing (Oral-visual Communiation) • Writing-Reading
- 31. Theories of Communication •Cognitive Dissonance Theory •Communication Accommodation Theory
- 32. Cognitive Dissonance Theory It argues that the experience of dissonance (or incompatible beliefs and actions) is aversive and people are highly motivated to avoid it. In their efforts to avoid feelings of dissonance, people will avoid hearing views that oppose their own, change their beliefs to match their actions, and seek reassurance after making a difficult decision.
- 33. Communication Accommodation Theory • This theoretical perspective examines the underlying motivations and consequences of what happens when two speakers shift their communication styles. • Communication Accommodation theorists argue that during communication, people will try to accommodate or adjust their style of speaking to others.
- 34. • This is done in two ways: divergence and convergence. • Groups with strong ethnic or racial pride often use divergence to highlight group identity. • Convergence occurs when there is a strong need for social approval, frequently from powerless individuals.
- 36. • Sender or Source • Technically called as encoder • Must have correct information • Transmit accurately at optimum speed • Message or Signal • Designed for a single person or a group of people • Conveyed by expressions, gestures, spoken or written-symbols or by hand-drawn or photographic pictures
- 37. • Medium or Channel of Communication • May be one of the media or means • Every medium exerts its influence on the message and becomes a part of it • Receiver or Destination • Technically called decoder • The receiver must understand the message • Decode in or interpret it • Must produce a desired response, which must be received by the sender
- 39. Communication Cycle Content Words Listener
- 40. Content Listener Words Effect Effect Attitude Changed Knowledge or Information Acquired Behaviour The Effects of Spoken Communication
- 46. The Process of Communication • Message Concieved – (Sender’s Role) • (Believe in mind) • Decision to send a message comes out as a result of an impulse (a push) • It is a thought process or external stimulus, you may call it “rouse to act”
- 47. • Possible problem areas • Message ill conceived • Message is vagne • Message is affected by relationship of sender with receiver
- 48. • Message Encoded – (Sender’s Role) • One should choose appropriate ‘language’, • Oral • Written • Words • Picture • Non-verbal communication
- 49. • Possible Problem Areas • Message encoded in wrong ‘Language’ • Tone-inappropriate
- 50. • Selection of Medium – (Sender’s Role) • You should select right medium to send your message • Letters • Interviews • Electronic Mail • Telex • Fax etc
- 51. • Possible problem areas • Wrong medium selected • Time wasted • Expense incurred • No written records
- 52. • Message Decoded – (Receiver’s Role) • Language is decoded from the knowledge of terms or vocabulary • Possible problem areas – • Receiver unable to understand sender’s language • Vocabulary too difficult • Specialist terms puzzle layman
- 53. • Message Interpreted – (Receiver’s Role) • Interpretation underlying as well as distinct meaning • Possible problem areas • Message wrongly interpreted • Effect of relationship of receiver with sender • Ambiguity (The word used has double meaning)
- 54. • Feedback supplied – (Receiver’s Role) • Signals are passed back to sender by – • Written reply • Oral (spoken words) • Possible problem areas- • Feedback not given • Wrongly given feedback • Misinterpretation by feedback sender
- 55. Sources are taken from •Slideshare.net •Web sources