COMMUNICATION_1_f 2022.ppt
- 1. COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATION COMMON GROUND FOR UNDERSTANDING OUR EFFORTS TOWARDS COMMON GOAL DEVELOPS ‘WE’ FEELING SUCCESS OF OUR CONCERTED EFFORTS IN ACHIEVING OUR COMMON OBJECTIVE. 1
- 2. Communication connects all living beings. 2
- 3. COMMUNICATION A Baby Cries to Convey its Hunger. A Dog Barks to warm his Master. No groups can Exists Without Communication. Communication is a thread by which you Tie yourself to the World and the World to You. 3
- 4. DEFINITIONS OF COMMUNICATION Communication is the process of exchanging information through the common system of symbols, signs and behavior. the synonyms for communication are feelings, speaking, corresponding, writing, listening, exchanging etc. Communication is defined as a process by which we assign and convey meaning in an attempt to create shared understanding. 4
- 5. TRIFURCATION OF COMMUNICATION IMPACT 07% Words – Impact on conscious mind. 38% Voice Tonality - Impact on subconscious mind. 55% Body Language – impact on sub conscious mind. 5
- 6. The Communication Process • Sender has an idea • Sender encodes the idea • Sender transmits the message • Receiver gets the message • Receiver decodes the message • Receiver sends feedback 6
- 7. COMMUNICATION SERVES FIVE MAJOR PURPOSES To Inform To Imagine To Meet Social Expectations To Express Feelings To Influence 7
- 8. COMMUNICATION Communication = Understanding Of the spoken Words + accompanying symbols and gestures. 8
- 9. What are the most common ways we communicate? Written Word
- 10. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION ONE WAY COMMUNICATION PROCESS IDEA MESSAGE Received Message Idea Tx Transmitter Encoding Medium Decoding RX ( Receiver) 10
- 11. PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION TWO WAY COMMUNICATION PROCESS Idea Encoding Message Medium Received Message Idea Decoding RX ( Receiver ) TX (Transmitter) Feedback Feedback 11
- 12. Classification of Communication Types of communication On the basis of direction On the basis of expression On the basis of organization verbal Downward Non verbal Upward Informal Formal Horizontal 12
- 13. DIRECTION OF COMMUNICATION Downward (Policy, Directions, Informations ) Upward ( Grievances, Problems, Information ) Horizontal ( Co- Ordination, Information ) 13
- 14. On the basis of expression There are two types of communication. (1) Verbal (2) Non-verbal 14
- 15. Verbal communication Verbal communication also divided into two parts- (1) Oral (2) Written 15
- 16. Oral communication It occurs through words the spoken words. In oral communication , the two parties, the sender and the receiver , exchange their views through speech ,either in face to face communication between individual and individual ,or between an individual and the group, or through any mechanicals or electrical device. 16
- 17. Advantages of oral communication 1.Immediate feedback-the biggest advantage of oral communication is that it provides immediate feedback to both the sender and the receiver. 2.Time saving- oral communication is very fast. It saves the time involved in writing the message. 3.Personal touch-oral communication build upon healthy climate in the organization by bringing superiors and subordinates. 17
- 18. 4.flexibility- oral communication provides an opportunity to the speaker to correct himself and make himself clear by changing his voice, pitch, tone,etc. 5.Secrecy – oral message can be more easily kept confidential than written messages. 6.Group communication- oral communication is extremely useful for communicating with groups in meetings, conferences,etc. 18 Advantages of oral communication
- 19. Limitations of oral communication 1.Poor retention-the listener cannot retain oral message in his memory for a long period of time . The speaker himself may not recall what he actually said. 2.No record- oral communication provides no record for future reference. 19
- 20. 3.Misunderstanding – oral communication are likely to be misunderstood due to poor vocal expression and noise. 4.Lack of responsibility-oral message are not recorded .therefore, it becomes difficult to hold persons responsible for mistakes, inaccuracy. 20 Limitations of oral communication
- 21. Make oral communication effective 1.Clarity 2.Brevity 3.Right words 4.Understand the listener 5.Natural voice 6.Logical sequence 21
- 22. Written communication Written communication is often resorted to by the management for messages that are lengthy and have to be made permanent. Written communication involves transmission of information through letters, notices, circulars, memos, reports, etc. 22
- 23. Advantages of written communication 1.Wide access- written communication is the most economical and probably the only means of communication when the sender and receiver of the message are separated by long distances. 2.Precision and accuracy- written messages are prepared with due thought and care. 3.Repetition – written messages can be read again and again. 23
- 24. 4.Permanent record-written communication provides permanent record for future reference. Such written message records of policy decisions and performance in the past serve as a good guide for decision making and planning in future. 5.Lengthy message-written communication is very suitable for transmitting lengthy messages. 6.Convenience –the personal presence of neither the sender nor the receiver of message at a certain place at the same time is necessary. 24 Advantages of written communication
- 25. Limitations of written communication 1.Time consuming- in addition to the time involved in sending written messages, time has to be spent in putting the message in writing. 2.Costly –written communication is costly than oral communication. 3.Lack of secrecy- it is difficult to keep written messages completely secret. 25
- 26. 4.Rigidity – written communication lacks flexibility. On the spot clarifications and adjustments cannot be made. 5.Impersonal –written communication tend to be formal and there is lack of personal touch. 6.Delayed feedback-immediate feedback is not possible in case of written communication. 26 Limitations of written communication
- 27. Non-verbal communication • Non-verbal communication is a wordless form of communication. It is mainly a silent form of communication that does not involve speech or words. 27
- 28. Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, eye contact, tone of voice, body posture and motions, and positioning within groups. It may also include the way we wear our clothes or the silence we keep. 28
- 29. BODILY SPEAKING… According to the social anthropologist, Edward T. Hall, in a normal conversation between two persons, less than 35% of the social meanings is actually transmitted by words. So, at least 65% of it is conveyed through the body (non-verbal channel). 29
- 30. Have you ever heard anyone say, "His actions spoke so loudly I couldn't hear what he said?" 30
- 31. Categories • Physical. This is the personal type of communication. It includes facial expressions, tone of voice, sense of touch, sense of smell, and body motions. 31
- 32. • Aesthetic. This is the type of communication that takes place through creative expressions: playing instrumental music, dancing, painting and sculpturing. 32
- 33. Signs Use of various signs in non verbal communication 33
- 34. • Symbolic. This is the type of communication that makes use of religious, status, or ego-building symbols. 34
- 35. Facial Expressions • Face is the index of Mind • The eyes, the lips and the muscles express many feelings • It can also be deceived by manipulation 35
- 36. The Eyes • Stare or fixed gaze suggest involvement or wonder or eye disapproval. • Raised looks show dominance. • Downcast looks suggest weakness and submission • Direct eye contact communicates honesty, transparency and neutral attitude. 36
- 37. Eyes gives us a definite impression about a person in front of us 37
- 38. Eye contact signals need for affiliation, an involvement with the other person 38
- 39. Eye is the window of the mind 39
- 40. Gestures and Postures Positive Gestures • Open Palms • Eye-to-eye confrontation • Smile • Equal Handshake Postures • Standing position • Walking style • Hand Movements 40
- 45. 45 How do you do it? • The handshake should be firm. • While shaking hands establish eye contact and always smile • The person who initiates the handshake is the one who closes it.
- 46. Double Handed Shake Trust and affection Intimate friends or relatives 46
- 47. Globe Hand Shake The person initiating such a gesture offers his right hand to the person in front for hand shake and then puts left his trustworthiness 47
- 48. Finger tip hand shake It show that there is a lack of trust in the self and in the other person 48
- 49. Stiff Arm Thrust A person wishes to keep the other at a distance 49
- 50. Dead fish handshake There is no warmth feeling. It is life less 50
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- 53. Handshakes 53
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- 57. When a person rubs his palms together he is communicating something positive News of success Cheerful 57
- 58. If a person Sits back , crosses his arms and legs, it is definite that his decision is negative 58
- 59. Folding of one or both the arms across the chest is an indication Coming threat or occurrence of some undesirable event 59
- 60. Folding arms indicates the social status also Boss intends to speak to his juniors 60
- 61. NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION Brisk, erect walk Confidence Standing with hands on hips Readiness, aggression Sitting with legs crossed, foot kicking slightly Boredom Sitting, legs apart Open, relaxed Arms crossed on chest Defensiveness Walking with hands in pockets, shoulders hunched Dejection / Depression 61
- 62. NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION Hand to cheek Evaluation, thinking Touching, slightly rubbing nose Rejection, doubt, lying Rubbing the eye Doubt, disbelief Hands clasped behind back Anger, frustration, apprehension Locked ankles Apprehension Head resting in hand, eyes downcast Boredom Rubbing hands Anticipation 62
- 63. NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR INTERPRETATION Sparkling eyes Excitement Biting Lip Nervousness Nail biting Nervousness and anxiety Repetitive behavior Restlessness Playing with button hair and clothing Restlessness Hanging head, looking at the floor Shyness or embarrassment Wrinkled nose Disgust 63
- 64. Ten Rules for Good Listening Rule Listening Reasoning Behind the Rule 1. Stop talking You cannot listen if you are talking. 2. Put the person at ease Help a person feel free to talk; create a permissive environment. 3. Show the person you Look and act interested; listen to want to listen understand, not to oppose. 4.Remove distractions Don’t doodle, tap, or shuffle papers; shut the door, if necessary to achieve quiet. 64
- 65. Ten Rules for Good Listening Rule Listening Reasoning Behind the Rule 5. Empathize Try to see the other person’s point of view. 6. Be patient Allow plenty of time; do not interrupt; don’t start for the door or walk away. 7. Hold your temper An angry person takes the wrong meaning from words. 65
- 66. Ten Rules for Good Listening Rule Listening Reasoning Behind the Rule 8.Go easy on argument Don’t refuse to listen to the people and criticism or become angry; do not argue- even if you win, you lose. 9. Ask questions This encourages a person and shows that you are listening; it helps to develop points further. 10. Stop talking This is first and last, because all other guides depend on it; you cannot listen effectively while you are talking. Source: Adapted from Human Behavior at Work, Fifth Edition, by Keith Davis. 1977. 66
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