GED 2- L1.pptx- COMMUNICATION SKILLS BSE
- 2. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY: READ “THE FLIGHT FROM CONVERSATION” by Sherry Turkle Answer the questions for your reflective writing activity
- 3. Purposive Communication with Ms. Sarpamones Purposive Communication Lesson 01 THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS, PRINCIPLES AND ETHICS COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION
- 4. LESSON OBJECTIVES Demonstrate mastery in elucidating the nature, elements, and ethical consideration in various multicultural contexts. 01 Explain how cultural and global issues affect communication 02 Identify and describe the eight essential components of communication process. 03 04 Respond through oral and written communication to the challenges of diverse and multicultural communication.
- 5. Communication is exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, or feelings between individuals or groups through various channels, such as spoken or written language, body language, gestures, and visual representations. Purposive Communication WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Lesson 01 Defining Communication
- 6. AS A PROCESS, COMMUNICATION IS CHARACTERIZED AS: • Dynamic - it constantly changes because it relies on human perception that can change over time; therefore, it is irreversible and unrepeatable . • Continuous - it is an ongoing exchange of meaning-sharing behaviors between/among individuals who operate within a frame of experience; it does not have a beginning, an end, or a fixed sequence of events; • Adaptive - It adjusts to the changes in its physical and psychology environment; changes in its physical and psychology environment;
- 7. AS A PROCESS, COMMUNICATION IS CHARACTERIZED AS: • systematic - it involves components that are interrelated and interacting in a cyclic order; and • transactional - every communication is a unique combination of people, messages, and events; it consists of unending sharing (transmission and reception) of messages between/ among people on some occasion.
- 8. Purposive Communication Lesson 01 A. FORMS OF COMMUNICATION
- 9. Purposive Communication Lesson 01 FORMS OF COMMUNICATION is talking to oneself (self-talk) through internal vocalization or reflective thinking due to some internal or external stimulus. 01 Intrapersonal Communication is a form of communication wherein individuals are engaged actively in the overt and covert transmission and reception of messages. a. dyadic Communication- two-person communication such as job interview, telephone, and doctor-patient conversation. b. Small Group Communication- consists of three to six people such as committee meetings, buzz sessions, and brainstorming activities. 02 Interpersonal Communication
- 10. Purposive Communication Lesson 01 FORMS OF COMMUNICATION is conveying information to a large audience. It is more sender-focused than intrapersonal and interpersonal forms of communication. 03 Public Communication a. Speaker- Audience Communication- talks to many people gathered for some occasion. The speaker centers the communication event on the audience. He analyzes the audience to determine content, language, and listener expectations. b. Mass Communication- is the “process whereby media organizations produce and transmit messages to large publics and process by which those messages sought, used, understood, and influence by the audience” (Littlejohn and Foss, 2011).
- 11. Eight Essential Components of Communication
- 12. Purposive Communication Lesson 01 B. MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
- 13. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication TRANSMISSION MODEL The sender is the individual who initiates the communication process by formulating and transmitting a message. The sender's intention is to convey information, ideas, or emotions to the receiver. Sender The message is the core content of the communication, consisting of the information, ideas, or emotions that the sender intends to share with the receiver. Message/ Channel The receiver is the individual or group who receives and interprets the message. The effectiveness of communication relies heavily on the receiver's ability to comprehend and interpret the message accurately. Receiver considers communication as a one-directional exchange in which the message is purposely conveyed by a speaker to a listener
- 14. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication INTERACTION MODEL describes communication as a process in which communicators change roles as sender and receiver and produce meaning by exchanging messages within their own environment experiences.
- 15. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Nature of Communication TRANSACTION MODEL explains communication as creating realities based on our social, relational, and cultural backgrounds. This model shows that communication is not a mere exchange of experiences.
- 16. Purposive Communication Lesson 01 C. VERBAL & NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION
- 17. Nature and Elements of Communication Lesson 01 Defining Communication Verbal communication is one of the most common and familiar forms of human interaction. It involves using spoken words and active listening to convey messages between individuals. 01 Verbal Communication Non-verbal communication goes beyond words and involves expressing messages through body language, gestures, and facial expressions. It is a powerful means of communication that can complement, reinforce, or sometimes contradict verbal messages. 02 Non-verbal Communication
- 18. Non-verbal Communication includes: • Paralanguage (Vocalics) refers to vocal qualities such as pitch, volume, rate, vocal quality, and verbal fillers • Action Language (Kinesics) refers to gross bodily movement such as walking and eating. It consists of (a) gestures, (b) facial expressions, (c) eye contact, and (d) posture. • Sign Language consists of body movements substituting letters, words, numbers, phrases, and sentences. • Object Language (Objectics) refers to the intentional or intentional display of material things such as clothes you wear, hairstyle, room decorations, jewelry, etc.
- 19. Non-verbal Communication includes: 5. Tactile Language (Haptics) is communication by touch such as kissing or tapping on the back. It is the most elementary mode of communication and the first an infant experiences. 6. Space/Distance (Proxemics) expresses certain types of messages. In America, there are four primary distance zones: (a) intimate, (b) personal, (c) social, and (d) public distance. 7. Time (Chronemics) refers to man’s use of time in sending certain types of messages. Time as a form of nonverbal communication can be best explained by the concept of punctuality, willingness to wait and interactions. 8. Silence is the lack of audible sound or the presence of sounds of very low intensity. It can be best explained by the statement, “What is not said is as important as or even more important than what is said.” Sometimes silence can communicate better than any words.
- 20. ETHICAL COMMUNICATION • Etymologically, the word ethics comes from the Greek term ethos, which can pertain to customs and habits. • ethics deals with a structure of moral principles. It is also defined as a code of moral standards of conduct for what is “good” and “right” as opposed to what is “bad” and “wrong”
- 21. ETHICAL STANDARDS OF COMMUNICATION • truthfulness and honesty- refrain from lying, cheating, stealing, and deception. • integrity- maintain a consistent belief and action • fairness- achieving the right balance of interest without regard to one’s own feelings without showing favor. • respect- showing consideration to others and their ideas, even if you disagree with them. • responsibility- being accountable for one’s actions and what one says.
- 22. Lesson 01 Purposive Communication Principles and Ethics of Communication
- 23. PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL COMMUNICATION • Fact-based messages should be communicated with honesty and accuracy. • Resources and facts from which the messages Are generated should be accessible. • the message should be made accessible. • Basic human needs should be given careful consideration.
- 24. form a group of 5 to 6 members watch this video and answer the questions that follow. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROgFmb3oTLo
- 25. • How did Dr. Shereen El Feki start her speech? What is her reason for presenting Barbie and Fulla dressed up differently from one another? • What do you think is the meaning of “clash of civilizations,” as mentioned by Dr. El Feki in the video clip? • What is “Islamic cross-cultural hybridization’? Do you think Fulla, 4Shbab, and The 99, who represent Arab pop culture, are effective avenues in promoting the enmeshing of strands of other cultures with their own? support your answer with specific details. • What do you think is the implication of this “Islamic cross-cultural hybridization” on effective intercultural communication?
- 27. GLOBAL COMMUNICATION global communication can be defined just as any communication can: a message is sent from one person or group to another anywhere in the world, which can be described as a five-step process: (1) A person or an organization in one country sends a message. (2) The message is encoded. (3) The message travels through a channel or medium. (4) The receiver in the other country decodes the message (5) The recipients received the message.
- 28. GLOBAL COMMUNICATION global communication can be defined just as any communication can: a message is sent from one person or group to another anywhere in the world, which can be described as a five-step process: (1) A person or an organization in one country sends a message. (2) The message is encoded. (3) The message travels through a channel or medium. (4) The receiver in the other country decodes the message (5) The recipients received the message.
- 29. EXAMPLES GLOBAL COMMUNICATION email- A person in one country types a message and clicks the send button. The message is then encoded into packets sent across the internet to the recipient. In another country, the receiver logs in, decodes the message by opening the email and retrieves the message. web page- this, too, is an example of global communication. The message is written and encoded in HTML, uploaded to a server, which is then accessed across the internet and decoded by a web browser – and perhaps a translation plugin – before the recipient reads it. In both examples, noise can distort the message or make it undecipherable. In electronic communication, noise can include anything from typos that change the context of a sentence to a failed internet connection, which could make it appear that you are not communicating anything at all.
- 30. With global communication, encoding and decoding the message can be more complicated than communicating with someone in your own country due to differences in language and culture. If the sender or receiver isn’t pro-efficient in the language used to send the message, translation issues can add noise, distorting the message. Even small cultural differences can add noise. While most Americans, for example, associate the word “cheers” with drinking, someone from the UK may informally use the word to say thank you or goodbye. In Quebec, Canada, a car is often called “un char,” which most translation services decode as a “chariot” or a “tank.” Global Communication in Business there are so many ways communication can fail in a global context that businesses must be diligent in reducing as many potential errors as possible, especially those related to differences in language and culture. Before attempting to do business with people in another country, organizations should become familiar with cultural differences that can arise in different contexts. It may be necessary to hire consultants who are experienced in that country. • a corporate law firm • a protocol and etiquette specialist • a media consultant • a human resources and labor law expert • a management consulting firm • a corporate anthropologist • a market research firm
- 31. INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION Culture Defined • The system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the members of society used to cope with their world and with one another, and that is transmitted from generation to generation through learning. – Brian Schwimmer, University of Manitoba • The cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.
- 32. Manifestations of Culture The differences in cultures of people are manifested in various ways and at different levels. Hofstede, Hofstede and Minkov (1997) identified these levels as symbols, heroes, rituals, and values. ? Symbols are the most evident – words, gestures, pictures, clothes, acts or objects that carry a particular meaning – which are recognized only by members of the same culture. Symbols easily develop and disappear. A culture’s symbols are easily imitated by other cultures. ? Heroes are past or present, real or fictitious personas who are respected and admired in a culture. They possess qualities that are highly valued by members of a culture. According to Deal and Kennedy (1982) the hero is a great motivator, the person everyone will depend on when beset with problems. ? Rituals are a collection of activities such as ways of greetings, paying respect to others, religious and social ceremonies. They hold social significance although often times they are acted out for their own sake. ? Va l u e s are the core of a culture. They consists of a culture’s predilection between right and wrong, good and bad, likes and dislikes, and natural or unnatural. They are interconnected with the moral or ethical standards of a culture.
- 33. Intercultural Communication Tips • Be Patient. Working in an intercultural environment can be a frustrating affair. Things may not get done when expected, communication can be tiresome and behavior may be inappropriate. Patience with yourself and others helps move beyond such issues and address how to avoid similar incidents in the future. • Establish Rules. Sometimes, working in a truly intercultural team, it may be necessary for all to take a step back and set down some ground rules. i.e. how do we approach punctuality, meetings, communication, emails, disagreements, etc? It is always a good idea to try and develop the rules as a group rather than have them imposed • . Ask Questions. When you don’t understand something or want to know why someone has behaved in a certain way, ask. Asking questions stops you from making assumptions, shows the questions you did not understand, and helps build up your bank of intercultural knowledge. • Respect. The foundation of all intercultural communication is respect. By demonstrating respect you earn respect and help create more open and fruitful relationships. 5. The Written Word. Sometimes people who do not have English as their mother tongue will read more proficiently than they speak. It is a good idea to always write things down as a back- up.
- 34. 6.Time. Not everyone in the world thinks “time is money”. Understand that for many people, work is low down on the priority list with things like family taking a much higher precedence. Do not expect people to sacrifice their own time to meet deadlines. It is a good practice to always leave a bit of spare time when considering deadlines. 7.Humor. In an intercultural environment one man’s joke is another’s insult. Be wary of differences in the sense of humor and also the acceptability of banter and the like in a business environment. 8.Always Check. The easiest way of minimizing the negative impact of intercultural communication is to check and double check. Whether agreeing something or giving instructions, a minute spent double checking all parties are ‘reading from the same sheet’ saves hours of work later on down the line. 9.Be Positive. When faced with incidents of an intercultural nature steer clear of blame and conflict. Stay positive, analyze the problem areas and work as a team to build strategies and solutions to ensure the same never occurs again. 10.Self-Reflect. A good intercultural communicator not only looks outwards but also inwards. Take time to refl ect on your own communication, management or motivation style and see where you can improve as an individual.
- 35. • Create a slogan about your understanding of the communication process and as an aid for people to communicate effectively • Present your slogan in class. GROUP ACTIVITY