Communication, Principles, Processes and Ethics.pdf
- 2. Objectives: 1. Define communication and purposive. 2. Describe the nature, elements and functions of verbal and no-verbal communication in various and multicultural contexts. 3.Identify the communication processes, principles, and ethics. 4. Relate the communication models.
- 4. - derived from the Latin word “communis” which means “to share and inform” ideas, feelings, etc.
- 5. Scholarly Definition of Communication Keyton (2011), Communication as the process of transmitting information and co mmon understanding from one person to another. Johnston (2008) emphasized that communication takes place when one individual, a sender, displays, transmits or otherwise directs a set of symbols to another individual, a receiver, with the aim of changing something, either something the receiver is doing (or not doing) or changing his or her world view.
- 6. Abulencia (2001) shares a similar point by describing communication as a dynamic process which includes the sending and receiving of messages at a conscious or unconscious level. Madrunio and Martin (2018) argue that communication takes on different contexts resulting in people having different views on communication types. Since communication is generally defined as the exchange of thoughts, ideas, concepts,and views between or among two or more people, various contexts come into play.
- 7. - is the circumstance or environment in which communication takes place. Such circumstance may include the physical or actual setting, the value positions of a speaker/listener, and the relevance or appropriateness of a message conveyed. -It focuses on certain communication processes and even groupings of people that constitute a communication situation.
- 8. Classification of Communication 1. Communication Mode 2. Context 3. Purpose and Style
- 9. Types of Communication According to Mode 1. Verbal-Non-Verbal Communication
- 10. 2. Visual - Signs - Symbols - Imagery - Maps - Graphs - Charts - Diagrams - Photos - Drawings - Electronic communication
- 11. Types of Communication According to Context 1.Intrapersonal Communication The Latin prefix intra-means within or inside. Intrapersonal communication means talking to oneself, self or inner talk, inner monologue,inner dialogue, self-verbalization or self-statement.
- 12. 2. Interpersonal Communication The Latin prefix inter –means between, among, and together. An interactive exchange takes place as interpersonal communication takes place.
- 13. 3. Extended Communication - involves the use of electronic media. This includes not just television and radio, but also audio, or phone conferencing; video conferencing; Skype calls, and other technologica means.
- 14. 3. Organizational Communication - the focus is on the role that communication plays in an organizational context. Organizations comprise individuals who work for the company.
- 15. 5. Intercultural Communication - As the term implies, it is communication between or among people having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds. Even gender difference affects communication.
- 18. Understanding the communication process may help you become a better communicator. 1.Source - the sender carefully crafts the message. The sender maybe anyone:an author of a book, public speaker in special occasion or even a traffic enforcer. 2.Message - the reason behind any interaction. It is the meaningshared between the sender and the receiver. 3.Encoding - the process of transferring the message.
- 19. 4. Channel - the means by which the message is conveyed. When we answer a phone call, the phone is the channel. On the other hand, whenyour parents receive a notification of your absences from school, the channelis the letter. It is the responsibility of both the sender and the receiver tochoose the best channel for the interaction. 5. Decoding - the process of interpreting the encoded message.
- 20. 6.Receiver - the person who receives the transmitted message.The receiver may be a part of the audience in a public speaking event, a reader of the letter o a driver who reads the road signs. The receiver is expected to listen or read carefully, to be aware of different kinds of sender to joy down information when needed, to provide response and to ask questionfor clarification. 7.Feedback - In any communication scenario, a feedback is essential to confirmrecipient understanding. Feedbacks, like messages, are expressed in variedforms. A simple nod for a question of verification is considered a feedback.Thus, feedbacks may be written, spoken or acted out.
- 21. 8.Environment -the place, the feeling, the mood, the mindset and the conditionof both sender and receiver are called the environment. The environment may involve the physical set-up of a location where communication takes place, the space occupied by both the sender and the receiver, including the objects surrounding the sender and receiver. 9.Context - this involves the expectations of the sender and the receiver and the common or shared understanding through the environmental signals. 10.Interference - this is also known as a barrier or block, prevents effective communication to take place.
- 22. Kinds of Interference a. Psychological barriers - thoughts that hamper the message to be interpreted correctly by the receiver. This may include past experiences. b. Physical barriers - include competing stimulus, weather and climate, healthand ignorance of the medium.
- 23. c. Linguistic and cultural barriers -pertain to the language and its cultural environment. Words may mean another in different cultures. d. Mechanical barriers - are those raised by the channels employed for interpersonal, group or mass communication. These include cell phones, laptops and other gadgets used in communication.