Comparative and superative
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The document discusses how to form comparative and superlative adjectives in English. It explains that one-syllable adjectives typically take -er and -est, two-syllable adjectives take more/most or change the final y to i and add -er/-est, and adjectives with three or more syllables take more/most. It provides examples for regular adjectives as well as exceptions that take other forms such as good, bad, little. It also discusses comparisons of equality using as...as and expressions that use this construction.
Comparative and superative
- 1. Grammar Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives I. One-syllable adjectives. 4. Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective by adding –er for the comparative form and –est for the superlative. One-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form Tall Taller tallest Old Older Oldest Long longer Longest - Mary is taller than Max. - Mary is the tallest of all the students. - Max is older than John. - Of the three students, Max is the oldest. - My hair is longer than your hair. - Max's story is the longest story I've ever heard.
- 2. 2. If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add –r for the comparative form and –st for the superlative form. One-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form with Final -e large Larger Largest wise Wiser Wisest - Mary's car is larger than Max's car. - Mary's house is the tallest of all the houses on the block. - Max is wiser than his brother. - Max is the wisest person I know. 3. If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single consonant with a vowel before it, double the consonant and add –er for the comparative form; and double the consonant and add –est for the superlative form. One-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form Big bigger Biggest Thin Thinner Thinnest Fat Fatter Fattest
- 3. - My dog is bigger than your dog. - My dog is the biggest of all the dogs in the neighborhood. - Max is thinner than John. - Of all the students in the class, Max is the thinnest. - My mother is fatter than your mother. - Mary is the fattest person I've ever seen. II. Two-syllable adjectives. 1. With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most. Two-Syllable Comparative Form Superlative Form Adjective peaceful more peaceful most peaceful pleasant more pleasant most pleasant careful more careful most careful thoughtful more thoughtful most thoughtful
- 4. - This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning. - Max's house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world. - Max is more careful than Mike. - Of all the taxi drivers, Jack is the most careful. - Jill is more thoughtful than your sister. - Mary is the most thoughtful person I've ever met. 2. If the two-syllable adjectives ends with –y, change the y to i and add –er for the comparative form. For the superlative form change the y to i and add –est. Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form Ending with -y happy happier happiest angry angrier angriest busy busier busiest
- 5. - John is happier today than he was yesterday. - John is the happiest boy in the world. - Max is angrier than Mary. - Of all of John's victims, Max is the angriest. - Mary is busier than Max. - Mary is the busiest person I've ever met 3. Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, -le, or –ow take –er and –est to form the comparative and superlative forms. Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form Ending with -er, -le, or -ow narrow narrower narrowest gentle gentler gentlest
- 6. • The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city. • This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California. • Big dogs are gentler than small dogs. • Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest. III. Adjectives with three or more syllables. 1. For adjectives with three syllables or more, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most. Adjective with Three or Comparative Form Superlative Form More Syllables generous more generous most generous important more important most important intelligent more intelligent most intelligent
- 7. • John is more generous than Jack. • John is the most generous of all the people I know. • Health is more important than money. • Of all the people I know, Max is the most important. • Women are more intelligent than men. • Mary is the most intelligent person I've ever met. * Exceptions. Irregular adjectives Irregular Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form Good better Best Bad Worse Worst Far Farther Farthest Little Less Least Many More Most
- 8. • Italian food is better than American food. • My dog is the best dog in the world. • My mother's cooking is worse than your mother's cooking. • Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst. **Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules. These adjectives can be used with -er and -est and with more and most. Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form clever Cleverer Cleverest Clever More clever Most clever Gentle Gentler Gentlest Gentle More gentle Most gentle Friendly Friendlier Friendliest Friendly More friendly Most friendly Quiet Quieter Quietest Quiet More quiet Most quiet Simple Simpler Simplest Simple More simple Most simple
- 9. • *** Comparisons of equality + We use as + adjective + as to say that people or thing are equal: • My brother is as tall as my father (people) • Football is an interesting as basketball.(thing) + We also use as + adjective + as to compare unequal people or thing • She is not as tall as her mother. (her mother is taller) • Meat is not expensive as fish (fish is more expensive) +We can use as……as in the other way • I cannot read as quickly as my teacher. • You can take as much sugar as you like. • Please return the book as soon as possible. Some expression with as………as As cold as ice as good as gold as brave as a lion as busy as a bee As cunning as a fox as gentle as a lamb as slow as a snail as green as grass