Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 1. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT DEMODULATION TECHNIQUES NIMI T Department of Electronics Engineering Pondicherry University
- 2. Introduction • Modulation and demodulation hold dominant positions in communication. • Communication quality heavily relies on the performance of the detector. • A simple and efficient detector can improve the communication quality and reduce the cost. • Carrier is modulated during amplitude modulation and frequency modulation. • After modulation, the modulated wave is sent through medium. The message signal is restored during demodulation at the receiving end. 2 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 3. What is Demodulation? • Demodulation is the reverse process of modulation to recover the message signal m(t) or d(t) at the receiver 3 Comparison of different demodulation techniques Figure: Block diagram for demodulation process
- 4. AM signal demodulation • In AM signal demodulation, five methods are commonly used: • Envelope demodulation using filter • Envelope demodulation with Hilbert transform • Coherent demodulation • Square-law demodulation • Quadrature demodulation 4 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 5. AM demodulation (cntd..) • In AM system, five signals are involved. 1. Message signal m (t), which is also known as modulating signal or modulating wave. 1. Carrier xc (t) xc (t) = Ac · cos (2π · fc · t) Ac is the carrier amplitude and fc is the carrier frequency. 3. Double Side Band Transmitted Carrier (DSB TC) AM signal stc (t) stc (t) = (m (t) + Ac) · cos (2π · fc · t) where m(t) is the message signal. 4. Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier (DSB SC) AM signal ssc (t) ssc (t) = m (t) · Ac · cos (2π · fc · t) 5. Single Side Band (SSB) AM signal. There are two kinds of SSB AM signal: upper side band transmitted AM signal su (t) and lower side band transmitted AM signal sl (t): su (t) = 1/2 m (t) · Ac · cos (2π · fc · t) + 1 2 mˆ (t) · Ac · sin (2π · fc · t) 5 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 6. Envelope demodulation • Envelope demodulation is the method to recover a message signal by finding the envelope of the DSB TC AM signal. Figure: Envelope of double side band transmitted carrier AM signal 6 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 7. Envelope demodulation (cntd..) • BLOCK DIAGRAM • The absolute value of the input signal is calculated and then fed to the low-pass filter. • The output of the low-pass filter is the demodulated signal. Figure : Block diagram of envelope demodulation using filter 7 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 8. Coherent Demodulation BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure : Block diagram of coherent demodulation The input signal is multiplied with the local carrier. After the product passing through the low-pass filter, the demodulated signal is obtained 8 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 9. Square law demodulation BLOCK DIAGRAM • In this method, the input DSB TC AM signal is squared before low-passing filtering. • After removing the high frequency component, the square root of the filter output is taken. • The output of the square root module is the demodulated signal. Figure 2.5: Block diagram of square-law demodulation 9 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 10. Quadrature Demodulation BLOCK DIAGRAM Figure : Block diagram of quadrature demodulation for AM signal • In this method, the input DSB TC AM signal is multiplied with cos (2π · fc · t) and sin (2π · fc · t) respectively. • After low-pass filtering, the input signal is divided into two components, in-phase component I (t) and quadrature component Q (t). • The message signal can be recovered from the norm of I (t) and Q (t) 10 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 11. FM Signal Demodulation In FM system, the process of demodulation is also known as conversion or detection. 3 Methods commonly used are • FM to AM conversion • Zero-crossing demodulation • Quadrature demodulation 11 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 12. FM to AM Conversion BLOCK DIAGRAM • FM to AM Conversion, which is also known as slope detection. • In this method, the input FM signal is converted to an AM signal by the differentiator. • Then an AM demodulation method is used to demodulate the converted signal. Figure : Block diagram of FM to AM conversion 12 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 13. Zero-Crossing Demodulation BLOCK DIAGRAM • The zero-cross detector is used to find positive zero- cross points. • When the amplitude of the input signal is changed from negative to positive, an impulse is generated at the zero-cross point. • Then the pulse generator converts the impulse chain into a pulse chain In the pulse chain, the width and amplitude of each pulse are τ and A respectively Figure : Block diagram of zero-crossing demodulation 13 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 14. Zero-Crossing Demodulation (cntd..) Figure : Process of zero-crossing demodulation 14 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 15. Quadrature Demodulation BLOCK DIAGRAM • In FM signal demodulation, quadrature demodulation is used to extract the angel information from the FM signal, and then the angle information is converted to message signal. Figure: Block diagram of quadrature demodulation for FM signal 15 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 16. Comparison of AM signal demodulation Table : Comparison of AM signal demodulation results good: the demodulated signal can approximate the message signal very well. satisfied: the demodulated signal shows a few ripples and / or a few distortion when compared with the message signal. fair: the demodulated signal shows a lot of ripples and / or a severe distortion when compared with the message signal. 16 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 17. Comparison of FM signal demodulation Table: Comparison of FM signal demodulation results good: the demodulated signal can approximate the message signal very well, only contain a slightly ripples. satisfied: the demodulated signal shows a few ripples and / or a few distortion when compared with the message signal. fair: the demodulated signal shows a lot of ripples and / or a severe distortion when compared with the message signal. 17 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 18. Pros and cons of AM signal demodulation method Demodulation method Pros Cons Envelope demodulation using filter 1. It is easy to realize; 2. The receiving end doesn’t need to know the carrier frequency; 3. It is the most commonly used in classical demodulators It can only demodulate the DSB TC AM signal. Envelope demodulation with Hilbert transform The receiving end doesn’t need to know the carrier frequency It can only demodulate the DSB TC AM signal. 18 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 19. Pros and cons of AM signal demodulation method (cntd..) Coherent demodulation It can demodulate the DSB TC AM signal, DSB SC AM signal and SSB AM signal. If phase difference between the carrier in the AM signal and the local carrier, the amplitude of the demodulated signal is multiplied with a cosine term. Square-law demodulation The receiving end doesn’t need to know the carrier frequency It can only demodulate the DSB TC AM signal. Quadrature Demodulation It shares a similar design scheme with the FM quadrature demodulation. The receiving end needs to know the carrier frequency; Comparison of different demodulation techniques 19
- 20. Pros and cons of FM signal demodulation method Demodulation method Pros Cons FM to AM conversion with Hilbert transform 1. The receiving end doesn’t need to know the carrier frequency; 2. 2. It shares a similar design scheme with the Envelope demodulation with Hilbert transform for AM signal. FM to AM conversion using filter 1. It is easy to realize. 2. The receiving end doesn’t need to know the carrier frequency. 3. It shares a similar design scheme with the Envelope demodulationComparison of different demodulation techniques 20
- 21. Pros and cons of FM signal demodulation method (cntd..) Demodulation method Pros Cons Zero-crossing demodulation The receiving end doesn’t need to know the carrier frequency The higher demodulation accuracy needs a higher sampling frequency. Quadrature demodulation 1. It shares a similar design scheme with AM quadrature demodulation. 2. It is the mostly commonly used in digital demodulator. 1. The receiving end needs to know the carrier frequency. 2. High computational complexity Comparison of different demodulation techniques 21
- 22. Conclusion • Different demodulation methods are used to recover the message signal, and then the recovered signals are compared with the message signal. • For AM signal demodulation, all the demodulation methods do have good performance in both time domain and frequency domain. • For FM signal demodulation, all the demodulated signals approximate the message signal but with different precisions. • The results of FM to AM conversion using filter and zero-crossing demodulation have some ripples at the beginning of the demodulated signals, and their amplitude decrease with time. • In frequency domain, the results of FM to AM conversion with Hilbert transform and quadrature demodulation are close to the message signal in the frequency range of the message signal. • The results of FM to AM conversion using filter and zero-crossing demodulation show distortion in the frequency range of the message signal. 22 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 23. Reference S. Haykin, Communication systems, 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2001. J. Proakis, Digital communications, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-hill, 1987. U. Bakshi and A. Godse, Analog Communication. Pune, India: Technical Publications, 2007. J. Li, H. Jiang, and M. Qang, “Hilbert transform for the application of signal demodulation,” Journal of Information Engineering University, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 29–31, Dec 2002. R. Gallager, Principles of digital communication. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. L. Couch, Digital and analog communication systems, 5th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1997. J. Proakis and D. Manolakis, Digital signal processing, 3rd ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1996. 23 Comparison of different demodulation techniques
- 24. Comparison of different demodulation techniques 24