Comparison of Strength for Concrete with GGBS and Cement Using Accelerated Curing Method

K. Shyamala et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 10, ( Part -2) October 2016, pp.96-100
www.ijera.com 96 | P a g e
Comparison of Strength for Concrete with GGBS and Cement
Using Accelerated Curing Method
K. Shyamala*, Ch. Vinod **, Shek Abdul manna ***
*(P.G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Gokul institute of technology, piridi, bobbili, vizianagaram,
Andhra Pradesh, India)
** (Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Gokul Institute of technology , Pridi, Bobbili,
Vizainagram,Andhra Pradesh, India)
***( Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Gokul Institute of technology , Pridi, Bobbili,
Vizainagram,Andhra Pradesh, India)
ABSTRACT
Ground granulated blast-furnace slag ( GGBS) is the granular material formed iron ore is molted. blast furnace
slag is by-product of steel manufacture which is sometimes used as a substitute for Portland cement. In steel
industry when iron ore is molted, then in the molted state all the impurities come at its surface which are
removed called slag. It consists mainly of the silicates and alumino silicates of calcium, which are formed in the
blast furnace in molten form simultaneously with the metallic iron. Blast furnace slag is blended with Portland
cement clinker to form portland blast furnace slag cement.
GGBS is used to make durable concrete structures in combination with ordinary Portland cement and/or other
pozzolanic materials. GGBFS has been widely used in Europe, and increasingly in the United States and in Asia
(particularly in Japan and Singapore) for its superiority in concrete durability, extending the lifespan of
buildings from fifty years to a hundred years.
This project presents the feasibility of the usage of GGBS as hundred percent substitutes for Ordinary portland
cement in concrete. Design mix for M20 and M30 has been calculated using IS 10262-2009 for both accelrated
curing in warm water and accelrated curing in boiling water method. Tests were conducted on cubes to study
the strength of concrete by using GGBS and Ordinary portland cement
Keywords: GGBS, Ordinary Portland Cement, Replacement, Mix Design and Curing
I. INTRODUCTION
The reuse of industrial by products is
gaining popularity since last few decades due to its
long-term performance characteristics. Concrete is
known for its compressive strength which is an
important property in the design and the construction
of the concrete structures. Although, concrete is very
strong in compression, but, due to the development
of various types of admixtures, it is necessary to
investigate the effect of mineral admixtures on the
compressive strength concrete. Concrete is a
composite made up of filler and a binder. The binder
is a product of reaction between hydraulic cement
and water, glues the filler together to form a
synthetic conglomerate. Aggregates are the solid
particles that are bonded together by the cement
paste to create concrete. Aggregates are the
fundamental components of concrete. The coarse
aggregate, being the principal control material for
maximum strength, sand as fine aggregate fills most
of the voids , providing lateral restraints (inter -
particle locking) to the coarse particles.
Aggregates occupy around 70% to 80% of
the volume of concrete. Generally, aggregates are
given less importance by assuming them to be only
as economic inert filters, but they influence the
strength, dimensional stability, wear resistance and
durability of concrete.
Because of tremendous growth in
population, urbanization and advanced technologies
of construction, there is a vast consumption of
energy and resources in the production of concrete.
In the earlier times, the main emphasis was on
labour productivity. This was because the resources
were abundant and environment was healthy, where
as now population is abundant and resources are
getting depleted at a faster rate. At the same time,
several tones of waste is produced per day from
various industries. The use of by- products for
production of concrete is the only real potential for
the utilization of larger quantities of waste material.
However, there is growing interest in substituting
alternative materials for concrete
II. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
- To find the compressive strength of M20 and
M30 concretes by conventional 28 days
curing period method .
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

M30 concretes with 10%, 20% and 30%
replacement of cement with GGBS by
conventional 28 days curing period as per IS-
516-1978.
M30 mix concretes by warm water method of
accelerated curing method i.e. at 550
± 2o
C
temperature as per IS-9013-1978.
M30 concretes by boiling water method of
accelerated curing method i.e. at 1000
± 3o
C
temperature as per IS-9013-1978.
replacement of cement with GGBS ash by warm
water method of accelerated curing method
i.e. at 550
±2o
C temperature as per IS-9013-
1978.
replacement of cement with GGBS boiling
water method of accelerated curing
method i.e. at 1000
±3o
C temperature as per IS-
9013-1978.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW
Previous Studies:
P. L. Domone; M. N. Soutsos (1989)
studied The effects of incorporating pulverized fuel
ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag
(GGBS) on the workability (slump), adiabatic
temperature rise during hydration and long-term (up
to 570 days) strength of high-strength concretes have
been measured. Binary (PFA/GGBS and Portland
cement) and ternary (PFA/ggbs plus microsilica and
Portland cement) blends at water–binder ratios from
0·38 to 0·20 have been tested. The results show
broadly similar effects to those in lower strength
concrete, although of differing magnitude in some
cases. Some potential advantages of ternary blends
for optimization of properties have been
demonstrated.
Present Study:
In the present investigation we design mix
for M20 and M30 has been calculated using IS
10262-2009 for both accelerated curing in warm
water and accelerated curing in boiling water
methods. Tests were conducted on cubes to study
the strength of concrete by using GGBS and the
results were compared with the Natural Concrete.
During the present study, 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of
traditional cement was replaced with GGBS.
Compressive strengths were found after 3,7 and
28days of curing.
It is observed from the above data that the studies
conducted by the researchers on the accelerated
curing method are limited. That is why the focus is
aimed on Indian standard method of making, curing
and determining compressive strength of
accelerated-cured concrete cube test specimens with
variable percentages of ggbs replacement based on
IS: 9013-1978.
IV. CURING METHODS:
a) Water curing (b) Membrane curing
(c ) Application of heat (d) Miscellaneous
4.1 Miscellaneous Methods:
4.1.1 Accelerated Curing by Warm Water
Method: After the specimens have been made, they
shall be left to stand undisturbed in their moulds in a
place free from vibration at a temperature of 27 ± 20
C for at least one hour, prior to immersion in the
curing tank. The time between the addition of water
to the ingredients and immersion of the test
specimens in the curing tank shall be at least 1
hours but shall not exceed 3 hours. The specimens
in their moulds shall be gently lowered into the
curing tank and shall remain totally immersed at 55
± 20
C for a period of not less than 19 hours 50
minutes. The specimens shall then be removed from
the moulds and immersed in the cooling tank at 27 ±
20
C before the completion of 20 hours 10 minutes
from the start of immersion in the curing tank. They
shall remain in the cooling tank for a period of not
less than one hour.
4.1.2 Accelerated Curing by Boiling Water
Method: After the specimens have been made, they
shall be stored in a place free from vibration, in a
moist air of at least 90 percent relative humidity and
at a temperature of 27 ± 20
C for 23 hours 15
minutes from the time of addition of water to the
ingredients.
The specimens shall then be gently lowered
into the curing tank and shall remain totally
immersed for a period of 3 hours ± 5 minutes. The
temperature of water in the curing tank shall be at
boiling (1000
C) at sea level. The temperature of
water shall not drop more than 30
C after the
specimens are placed and shall return to boiling
within 15 minutes. After curing for 3 hours ± 5
minutes in the curing tank, the specimen shall be
removed from the boiling water, removed from the
moulds and cooled by immersing in cooling tank at
27 ± 20
C for 2 hours. To find comparative
statement for compressive strength of different mix
of concrete M20 and M30 with Partial replacement
of cement for different types of curing methods .

V. EXPERIMENTAL
INVESTIGATIONS
5.1 Compressive Strength Test:
According to IS: 516-1959, the test set up
for conducting cube compressive strength test is
depicted in Plate No. Compression test on the
cubes is conducted on the 300T compression
testing machine. The cube was placed in the
compression testing machine and the load on the
cube is applied at a constant rate up to the failure of
the specimen and the ultimate load is noted.The
cube compressive strength of the concrete mix is
then computed.. This test has been carried out on
cube specimens at 3,7,28 and 56 days age. The
values are presented in tables 6.10 and 6.2 for M20
and M30 concrete respectively.
Compressive strength =
Where, p = maximum load in kg applied to the
specimen
A = cross sectional area of the cube on
which load is applied (150 X 150 mm)
5.1.1 Compressive Strength Test Using Boiling
Water Accelerated Curing Method:
1. After the test specimens (whose 28 days
strength to be determined) have been casted,
store it in moist air of at least 90 percent
humidity for 23 hours ±15 min.
2. Cover the specimens with flat steel cover
plate to avoid distortion during the use.
3. Carefully and gently lower the specimens into
the curing tank and shall remain totally
immersed for a period of 3½ Hours±15 min.
4. The temperature of water in the curing tank
shall be at boiling (100 o
C ± 3 o
C ) when the
specimens are placed.
5. After curing for 3 ½ hours in boil water, the
specimen shall be carefully removed from the
boiling water and cooled by immersing in
cooling tank at 27±2o
C for 2 hrs.
6. After cooling remove the specimens from the
mould and tested for its accelerated
compressive strength in N/mm2
.
5.1.2 Compressive Strength Test Using Hot
Water Accelerated Curing Method:
1. The specimens in their moulds shall be gently
lowered into the curing tank and shall remain
totally immersed at 55°C ± 2°C for a period of
not less than 19 hours 50 minutes. The
specimens shall then be removed from the
water, marked for identification, removed from
the mould and immersed in the cooling tank at
27 °C ± 2°C before the completion of 20 hours
10 minutes from the start of immersion in the
curing tank. They shall remain in the cooling
tank for a period of not less than one hour.
2. Cover the specimens with flat steel cover
plate to avoid distortion during the use.
3. The temperature of water in the curing tank
shall be at boiling (55 o
C ± 2 o
C) when the
specimens are placed.
4. After cooling remove the specimens from the
mould and tested for its accelerated compressive
strength in N/mm2
.
VI. FIGURES AND TABLES:
6.1 Average Compressive Strength of M20 Mix
Cubes by Normal Curing, Hot Water Curing,
Boiling Water Curing
Average Compressive Strength vs Types of Curing
for M20 Mix
Average Compressive Strength vs % Variation of
GGBS for M20 Mix
Method
of Curing
Average Compressive Strength of Cubes ( N/
mm2
)
M20 +
0%
GGBS
M20 +
10%
GGBS
M20 +
20%
GGBS
M20 + 30%
GGBS
Normal
Curing
28.44 31.56 30.59 25.63
Warm
Water
Curing
14.07 15.56 15.41 12.59
Boiling
Water
Curing
15.56 17.33 15.70 13.48

Average Compressive Strength of M20 Mix vs %
Replacement of GGBS
6.2.Average Compressive Strength of M30 Mix
Cubes by Normal Curing, Hot Water Curing,
Boiling Water Curing
Average Compressive Strength vs Types of Curing
for M30 Mix
Average Compressive Strength vs % Variation of
GGBS for M30 Mix
Average Compressive Strength of M30 Mix vs %
Replacement of GGBS
VII. CONCLUSIONS
i) The maximum compressive strengths 31.56N/mm2
and 45.19 N/mm2
were attained at 10 % replacement
of cement by GGBS both for M20 and M30 mixes
by Normal Curing.
ii) At 10% to 20 % replacement of cement by GGBS
the compressive strengths are more than the target
mean strengths for M20 mix . At 30 % replacement
of cement by GGBS the compressive strength is less
than the target mean strengths for M20 by 9.88 %
iii) At 10% to 20 % ,30 % replacement of cement
by GGBS the compressive strengths are more than
the target mean strengths for M30
iv) There is an increase in compressive strength up
to 20% replacement of cement by GGBS by about
8.86% and 7.54 % i.e. 30.59 N/mm2
and 42.22
N/mm2
in normal curing for both M20 and M30
mixes respectively.
v) There is an marginal difference of in compressive
strength for 30% replacement of cement by GGBS
by about 9.88 % less for M20 mix and 3.94 % gain
for M20 mix
vi)the compressive strengths achieved by boiling
water curing method 17.33 n/mm2
is higher than the
warm water curing method is 15.56n/mm2
for m20
mix.
vii) the compressive strengths achieved by boiling
water curing method 22.22 n/mm2
is lesser than the
warm water curing method is 22.52 /mm2
for M30
mix.
viii) The variation of strength by warm water curing
and boiling water are 46.5% and 54.5% respectively
of that of conventional curing method.
ix)The test results in accordance with the relevant
code i.e. around 50%.
REFERENCES
[1]. Ahmed H.B and Abdullah
M.A,(2002).Efficiency of curing on
partially exposed high-strength concrete
in hot climate. Cement and Concrete
Research 32(6),949 -953.
Method
of Curing
Average Compressive Strength of Cubes ( N/
mm2
)
M30 +
0%
GGBS
M30 +
10%
GGBS
M30 +
20%
GGBS
M30 + 30%
GGBS
Normal
Curing 39.26 45.19 42.22 38.89
Warm
Water
Curing
18.22 22.52 20.96 19.56
Boiling
Water
Curing
20.52 23.04 21.48 20.07

[2]. Ajay Goel , Jyoti Narwal, Vivek Verma,
Devender Sharma, Bhupinder Singh.
(2013). A Comparative Study on the Effect
of Curing on The Strength of Concrete,
International Journal of Engineering and
Advanced Technology.
[3]. Al-Khaiat, H and Haque, M.N (1998).
Effect of initial curing on early strength and
physical properties of a lightweight
concrete, Cement and Concrete Research
28(6), 859-866.
[4]. Alsayed, S. H and Amjad, M.A(1994).
Effect of curing conditions on strength,
porosity, absorptivity, ans shrinkage of
concrete in hot and dry climate. Cement
and Concrete Research 24(7), 1390-1398.
[5]. APHA Standard methods.
[6]. Atul Dubey, Dr.R.Chandak,(1998). Prof.
R.K. Yadav, “Effect of blast furnace slag
powder on compressive strength of
concrete” International Journal of Science
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[7]. Bagchi. S.S., S.V. Ghule and R.T.
Jadhav(2012), Fly ash fineness –
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[8]. Bentur.A. and Jegirmann.C (1991). Effect
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[9]. Denny Meyer (1997).A Statistical
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Mathematics & Decision Sciences, 1(2),
89-100.
[10]. Durai S, Remya M, Dr. P.Muthupriya,
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9. IS CODES:
[11]. IS: 383 – 1970 Specification for coarse and
fine aggregates from natural sources for
concrete, Reaffirmed 1997
[12]. IS: 455-1989 Specification for Portland
Slag Cement. Reaffirmed 1995.
[13]. IS: 516-1959 Specification for Method of
Tests of Strength of Concrete, Reaffirmed
1999,Edition 1.2
[14]. IS 1199:1959 Specification for methods of
sampling and analysis of concrete.
[15]. IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963 Specification for
methods of test for aggregates for concrete.
Part I particle size and shape. Reaffirmed
1997.
[16]. IS: 2386 (Part III) – 1963 Specification for
methods of test for aggregates for concrete.
Part III specific gravity, density, voids,
absorption and bulking. Reaffirmed 1997.
[17]. IS 456:2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete
Code of Practice (Fourth Revision) ,
Bureau of Indian Standards.
[18]. IS: 516 – 1959 method of test compressive
strength of concrete.
[19]. IS: 2386 – 1963: Methods of Test for
Aggregates for Concrete
[20]. IS 4031(Part 1):1996 Specification for
Methods of physical tests for hydraulic
cement: Part 1 Determination of fineness by
dry sieving.
[21]. IS: 5816: 1999 Specification for Splitting
Tensile Strength of Concrete - Method of
Test, first revision.
[22]. IS: 8112-1989. Specification for 43 Grade
ordinary Portland cement.
[23]. IS 9013:1978 Method of making, curing
and determining compressive strength of
accelerated cured concrete test specimens
[24]. IS 9103:1999 Specification for admixtures
for concrete
[25]. IS: 10262-2009 . Guidelines for concrete
mix proportioning
[26]. IS 12089:1987 Specification for granulated
slag for manufacture of Portland slag
cement.

Comparison of Strength for Concrete with GGBS and Cement Using Accelerated Curing Method

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