- Sensors can be analog or complex, with complex sensors communicating digitally using PWM, I2C, SPI, etc. - Common sensors discussed include tilt sensors, ultrasonic sensors for distance measurement, and accelerometers. - Ultrasonic sensors emit sound pulses and measure the time of return to determine distance to objects within a few meters. Accelerometers can measure tilt and movement but data can be noisy. - Prototyping with sensors helps explore interactions even if true presence or distance detection is difficult to achieve at this level.