Components of wastewater engineering
- 2. Basic Terms • Sewage: It is the Liquid Waste or Wastewater produced as a result of water use. • Sewer: It is a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage. It is generally closed and flow takes place under gravity .
- 3. • Sewerage: Sewerage is the system of collection of wastewater and conveying it to the point of disposal with or without treatment. Sources of Wastewater 1.Dometic: It is wastewater from houses offices, other buildings, hotels and institutions 2.Industrial: It is the liquid waste from industrial process 3.Storm-water: It includes surface run-off generated by rainfall and the street wash
- 4. Components of Wastewater Engineering 1.Collection System Network of Sewer pipes 2.Disposal Sewage Pumping Stations and Outfalls 3.Treatment Works Wastewater treatment Plants
- 5. Fig: Components of Wastewater Engineering
- 6. Types of Sewers 1. Sanitary Sewer- It carries sanitary sewage like waste from municipalities including domestic and industrial waste-water 2. Storm Sewer-It carries storm sewage including surface run-off and street wash 3. Combined Sewer- It carries domestic, industrial and storm Sewage 4. House Sewer-It is the sewer conveying sewage from plumbing system of a building to common municipal system 5. Lateral Sewer- This sewer carries discharge from houses sewer
- 7. Types of Sewers 6.Sub-main-This sewer receives discharge from two or more laterals 7.Main/Trunk Sewer- Receives discharge from two or more sub-mains 8.Outfall Sewer- It receives discharge from all collecting system and conveys it to the point of final disposal
- 8. House Sewer Fig: Types of Sewers Lateral Sub-main sewer Main/Trunk Sewer Outfall sewer
- 9. Types of Sewer Systems • 1. Separate System If storm water is carried separately from domestic and industrial wastewater the system is called as separate system. Separate systems are favored when (i)There is an immediate need for collection of the sanitary sewage but not for storm water. (ii)When sanitary sewage needs treatment but the storm water does not.
- 12. Types of Sewer Systems 2. Combined System It is the system in which the sewers carry both sanitary and storm water, combined system is favored when; (i)Combined sewage can be disposed off without treatment (ii)Both sanitary and storm water need treatment (iii)Streets are narrow and two separate sewer cannot be laid
- 14. Types of Sewer Systems 3. Partially Combined System If some portion of storm or surface run-off is allowed to be carried along with sanitary sewage the system is known as partially combined system. (In Urban area of developing countries, mostly partially combined system is employed as it is economical) In Pakistan we use this system
- 16. Note • Sanitary wastewater is not allowed to discharge in any stream • When there is storm water inside the sewer some portion of sanitary sewer might go as its effects would be less since due to dilution • Sanitary wastewater remains at the bottom usually because of high density than storm water
- 17. Infiltration • It is the wastewater that enters sewers through joints, cracked pipes, walls and covers of the wholes • Infiltration is almost non-existent in dry weather but increases during rainy season • Water and Sanitation Agency (WASA) Lahore uses the following infiltration rates for the design of sewer system. Pipe dia. Up to 600mm 5% avg. sewage flow for greater than 600mm 10% avg. sewage flow
- 20. Sewage Generation & Water Consumption • Around 70-130% of water consumed gets into sewers 1.Industries with private point of discharge 2.Poor Sewer joints General Range 70-90% of water consumption when infiltration is taken into consideration then Avg. sewage flow equals the avg. rate of water consumption