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By Gnana Prakash P
315126508064
 Introduction
 Necessity
 Types of Falls :
 Conclusion
 References
 Ogee fall
 Rapid fall
 Trapezoidal fall
 Well type fall
 Vertical Drop fall
 Stepped Type Fall
 Montague Fall
Canal : An artificial waterway constructed to allow
the passage of boats or ships or to convey
water for irrigation provided with
permissible slope.
Canal Fall : A Structure constructed to achieve the
object of lowering the bed level of a
canal suitably
 Canals are constructed with some
permissible bed slopes so that there is no
silting in the canal bed
 Ground surface may be steep and sometimes
it may be very irregular with abrupt change
of grade.
Necessity:When the slope of the ground suddenly
changes to steeper slope.
 When the slope of the ground is more or less
uniform and the slope is greater than the
permissible bed slope of canal
 The height of fall of water
 The discharge passing over the fall
 Topography of site location
 Type of soil in upstream and downstream of
structure
 Economy
 Ogee fall
 Rapid fall
 Trapezoidal fall
 Stepped fall
 Montague fall
 Vertical drop fall
 Straight Glacis fall
 an ogee curve (a combination of convex
curve and concave curve) is provided for
carrying the canal water from higher level to
lower level.
It is limited to low depths
Due to smooth transition, velocity of flow is not
reduced since it may cause erosion in down stream
It has high discharging efficiency
 It is suitable when the slope of the natural
ground surface is even and long.
 It consists of a gentle longitudinal slope
which varies from 1 in 10 to 1 in 20.
 These are expensive compared to others
 Commonly used at West Yamuna canal
 In this the body wall consists of several
trapezoidal notches between the side piers
and the intermediate piers.
 The sills of the notches are kept at the
upstream bed level of the canal.
It may of Singular or number of openings
constructed at high crested wall providing
smooth entrance to downstream
With this the depth to discharge value are
less affected
These are quite common and economical
 It consists of a series of vertical drops in the form
of steps.
 This steps is suitable in places where sloping
ground is very long and require a long gentle
slope to connect the higher bed level at u/s with
lower bed level at d/s.
 In this Canal u/s bed is on the level of upstream
curtain wall, canal u/s bed level is below the crest
of curtain wall. In both the cases, a cistern is
formed to act as water cushion.
 Easy to construct and economical
 Losses may be high in case of higher depths
 For discharges upto 15cumecs vertical drop
fall is used
 It consists of a straight glacis provided with a
crest wall. For dissipation of energy of flowing
water, a water cushion is provided
 Generally sloping will be 2:1
 These have Good performance
 Suitable upto 60cumecs and drop of 1.5m
 In the straight steep type profile, energy
dissipation is not complete. Therefore, montague
developed this type of profile where energy
dissipation takes place
 For flumed conditions vertical type is not suitable
because effective dissipation is difficult, at there
Straight galcis falls are used
 When full energy dissipation does not take place on
structure, baffle wall is used
 For un-flumed conditions the baffle design is well
suited
 Talwani, B.S. et al (1952).Canal Falls. Journal
of Irrigation & Power, April, 269–288.
 Naib, S.K.A. (1966). Hydraulic Design of
Energy Dissipators. Water & Water
Engineering, May, Vol. 70, 191–193 and
(1967), Vol. 71, 336
Canal falls and its classification

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Canal falls and its classification

  • 1. By Gnana Prakash P 315126508064
  • 2.  Introduction  Necessity  Types of Falls :  Conclusion  References  Ogee fall  Rapid fall  Trapezoidal fall  Well type fall  Vertical Drop fall  Stepped Type Fall  Montague Fall
  • 3. Canal : An artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships or to convey water for irrigation provided with permissible slope. Canal Fall : A Structure constructed to achieve the object of lowering the bed level of a canal suitably
  • 4.  Canals are constructed with some permissible bed slopes so that there is no silting in the canal bed  Ground surface may be steep and sometimes it may be very irregular with abrupt change of grade.
  • 5. Necessity:When the slope of the ground suddenly changes to steeper slope.
  • 6.  When the slope of the ground is more or less uniform and the slope is greater than the permissible bed slope of canal
  • 7.  The height of fall of water  The discharge passing over the fall  Topography of site location  Type of soil in upstream and downstream of structure  Economy
  • 8.  Ogee fall  Rapid fall  Trapezoidal fall  Stepped fall  Montague fall  Vertical drop fall  Straight Glacis fall
  • 9.  an ogee curve (a combination of convex curve and concave curve) is provided for carrying the canal water from higher level to lower level.
  • 10. It is limited to low depths Due to smooth transition, velocity of flow is not reduced since it may cause erosion in down stream It has high discharging efficiency
  • 11.  It is suitable when the slope of the natural ground surface is even and long.  It consists of a gentle longitudinal slope which varies from 1 in 10 to 1 in 20.
  • 12.  These are expensive compared to others  Commonly used at West Yamuna canal
  • 13.  In this the body wall consists of several trapezoidal notches between the side piers and the intermediate piers.  The sills of the notches are kept at the upstream bed level of the canal.
  • 14. It may of Singular or number of openings constructed at high crested wall providing smooth entrance to downstream With this the depth to discharge value are less affected These are quite common and economical
  • 15.  It consists of a series of vertical drops in the form of steps.
  • 16.  This steps is suitable in places where sloping ground is very long and require a long gentle slope to connect the higher bed level at u/s with lower bed level at d/s.
  • 17.  In this Canal u/s bed is on the level of upstream curtain wall, canal u/s bed level is below the crest of curtain wall. In both the cases, a cistern is formed to act as water cushion.
  • 18.  Easy to construct and economical  Losses may be high in case of higher depths  For discharges upto 15cumecs vertical drop fall is used
  • 19.  It consists of a straight glacis provided with a crest wall. For dissipation of energy of flowing water, a water cushion is provided
  • 20.  Generally sloping will be 2:1  These have Good performance  Suitable upto 60cumecs and drop of 1.5m
  • 21.  In the straight steep type profile, energy dissipation is not complete. Therefore, montague developed this type of profile where energy dissipation takes place
  • 22.  For flumed conditions vertical type is not suitable because effective dissipation is difficult, at there Straight galcis falls are used  When full energy dissipation does not take place on structure, baffle wall is used  For un-flumed conditions the baffle design is well suited
  • 23.  Talwani, B.S. et al (1952).Canal Falls. Journal of Irrigation & Power, April, 269–288.  Naib, S.K.A. (1966). Hydraulic Design of Energy Dissipators. Water & Water Engineering, May, Vol. 70, 191–193 and (1967), Vol. 71, 336