The document discusses using gzip compression and decompression transformers in Mule. It shows how to compress a file payload with gzip-compress-transformer, which reduces the file size from 83 KB to 21.99 KB as seen in the logs. It then demonstrates decompressing the compressed file back to its original size of 83 KB using gzip-uncompress-transformer. The flows pick up files from source folders, process them with the transformers, and write the results to destination folders, compressing and decompressing a sample "abc.doc" file as an example.