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Chomsky’s
Labyrinth




            http://i151.photobucket.com/albums/s133/eugcarmo/255665932jpg.jpg
Noam Chomsky
(b. 1928)

        MIT
        1955




               http://www.spike-island.org.uk/files/images/chomsky.jpg
The

                                                                                 TOP 10
                                                                                 most-cited
                                                                                      writers
                                                                                 1.
                                                                                 2.
                                                                                 3.
                                                                                 4.
                                                                                 5.
                                                                                 6.
                                                                                 7.
                                                                                 8. Noam Chomsky
                                                                                 9.
                                                                                 10.



http://thelastminute.typepad.com/photos/peace_rally_march_20_2004/p3200199.JPG          Steven Pinker (1994) The Language Instinct.
Why so   influential?




                        http://www.pyke-eye.com/a/phil/1988/NoamChomsky.jpg
Grammar and Syntax




http://wvs.topleftpixel.com/photos/noam_chomsky_human_rights.jpg
His Grammar Created a Language-Mind Link



                           TRANSFORMATIONAL
                              Parse-able with
                              moveable pieces


                           Generative
                              Infinite variety from
                              finite pieces



                           Universal
                              Innate, inheritable
Seth Merrin Professor of Philosophy
Co-Director, Center for Cognitive Studies, Tufts University

                                                               Ray Jackendoff
                                                               (b. 1945)

                                                                     Tufts University
                                                                          2005

                                                                     Brandeis University
                                                                         2006




http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/incbios/RayJackendoff/index.htm
The Computational Mind, Linguistics, and Noam Chomsky
XP

Specifier        X
The Computational Mind, Linguistics, and Noam Chomsky
NP
Det.        N
The     Chicken ran away from the farmer.
       [t∫IkЛn]



                            http://brainmind.com/images/splitbrain20.jpg
Computational

MIND




http://peterhgregory.files.wordpress.com/2007/03/virus.PNG
The


           ,
Turing
Machines, and




                http://www.tcf.ua.edu/AZ/AnalyticalEngine.jpg
Turing Computations with Binary Code




                                     http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/State_diagram_3_state_busy
                                     _beaver_4_.JPG/800px-State_diagram_3_state_busy_beaver_4_.JPG




http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/State_diagram_3_state_busy_beaver_4_.JPG/800px-State_diagram_3_state_busy_beaver_4_.JPG
Metaphors


                                     Turing Machines
                                       • Data Processing

                                     Computers
                                       • Complex Processing
                                       • Binary Code and Syntax


http://prevos.net/ola/identity.jpg
Steven Pinker
(b. 1954)
     Harvard University
     2009

     MIT
     2003




                          http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2004/12.02/photos/7-pinker1-450.jpg
1997


http://linguistlist.org/fund-drive/2008/linguist-of-the-day/Pinker.jpg




                                                                         http://www.indwes.edu/Faculty/bcupp/Book.Pinker2.jpg
Sample Model of Language Processing




         http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/epc/srb/cyber/thi7fig4.gif
EZ Reader 10




Reichle, E.D., Warren, T., & McConnell, K. (2009). Using E-Z reader to model the effects of higher level language processing on eye movements during reading.
                 Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16(1), 1-21.
The Computational Mind, Linguistics, and Noam Chomsky
Favorite Sources




http://www.bookswim.com/images_books/lar
                                                                                      http://ebooks-imgs.connect.com/ebooks/
ge/The_Language_Instinct_How_the_Mind_     http://www.changeany1thing.com/wp-
                                                                                      product/400/000/000/000/000/062/694/400000
Creates_Language_PS-119190035038056.jpg    content/uploads/2008/03/noam_chomsky.jpg
                                                                                      000000000062694_s4.jpg
INFORMATION OVERLOAD!
                                                        MODULAR
                                                     MIND = SOLUTION




http://img87.imageshack.us/img87/8646/fodorsk1.jpg
Multiple,
                                                                                  Specialized
                                                                                  Mind
                                                                                  Organs=
                                                                                  Complex Mental
                                                                                  Processing




p://brainmind.com/images/sci714428.jpg   http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/innateness-language/PosnerRaichle.jpg
Pinker                                                             Fodor
                                                         VS
                                                         .

http://www.firebaugh.com/FDA/Seminars/BlankSlate/PinkerLogo.jpg   http://www.pyke-eye.com/a/phil/2001/JerryFoder.jpg




                           12 Rounds over
Rou
   nd




1997     2002
Parting
So how doesBlows
               the mind work?
I don’t know. You don’t know. Pinker doesn’t know.
And I rather suspect, such is the current state of
the art, that if God were to tell us, we wouldn’t
understand him.
        (Fodor, 2005, p. 31)



Fodor, more than anyone, has defended the
computational theory of mind ... specialization ...
[and] evolution as a shaping force in the modular
mind.
        (Pinker, 2005, p. 2)
Some mysteries
                                                  of the mind
                                                  will probably




                                                          .




http://brainmind.com/images/schizophrenia43.jpg
References

Barrett, H. C., & Kurzban, R. (2006). Theoretical note--Modularity in cognition: Framing the debate. Psychological
      Review, 113(3), 628-647.
Carruthers, P., Laurence, S., & Stich, S. P. (2005). The innate mind. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. Netherlands: Mouton.
Chomsky, N. (1959). Verbal behavior, by B. F. Skinner. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill.
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Chomsky, N. (2006). Language and mind. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Chomsky, N., & Arnove, A., (2008). The essential Chomsky. New York: New Press.
Clahsen, H., & Felser, C. (2006a). Continuity and shallow structures in language processing. Applied Psycholinguistics,
      27, 107-126.
Clahsen, H., & Felser, C. (2006b). Grammatical processing in language learners. Applied Psycholinguistics, 27(1), 3-42.
Cook, V. (1999). Using SLA research in language teaching. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(2), 267-84.
Duyck, W., Vanderelst, D., Desmet, T., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2008). The frequency effect in second-language visual
      word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(4), 850.
Elston-Güttler, K. E., & Friederici, A. D. (2007). Ambiguous words in sentences: Brain indices for native and non-
      native disambiguation. Neuroscience Letters, 414(1), 85-89.
Fodor, J. (1975). The language of thought. New York: Crowell.
Fodor, J. (1981). Representations : Philosophical essays on the foundations of cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Fodor, J. (1983). The modularity of mind: An essay on faculty psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Fodor, J. (2001). The mind doesn't work that way: The scope and limits of computational psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT
      Press.
Fodor, J. (2005). Reply to Steven Pinker ‘So How Does The Mind Work?’ Mind & Language, 20(1), 25-32.
Fodor, J. (2006). How the mind works: What we still don't know. Daedalus, 135(3), 86-94.
Fodor, J., Bever, T. G., & Garrett, M. F. (1974). The psychology of language: An introduction to psycholinguistics and generative
      grammar. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Fodor, J., & Katz, J. (1964). The structure of language: Readings in the philosophy of language. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-
       Hall.
Friesen, D., & Jared, D. (2007). Cross-language message- and word-level transfer effects in bilingual text processing.
       Memory & Cognition, 35(7), 1542-1556.
Fukkink, R. G., Hulstijn, J., & Simis, A. (2005). Does training in second-language word recognition skills affect
       reading comprehension? An experimental study. Modern Language Journal, 89(1), 54-75.
Generative Grammar. (2000). Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from http://dictionary.oed.com
Jackendoff, R. (2003). Foundations of language: Brain, meaning, grammar, evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jackendoff, R. (1977). X syntax : A study of phrase structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Keating, G. D. (2009). Sensitivity to violations of gender agreement in native and nonnative Spanish: An eye-
       movement investigation. Language Learning, 59(3), 503-535.
Kliegl, R., Nuthmann, A., & Engbert, R. (2006). Tracking the mind during reading: The influence of past, present,
       and future words on fixation durations. Journal of Experimental Psychology/General, 135(1), 12-35.
Koda, K. (2007). Reading and language learning: Crosslinguistic constraints on second language reading development.
       Language Learning, 57(Supplement), 1-44.
Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: How the mind creates language. New York: William Marrow, & Co.
Pinker, S. (1997). How the mind works. New York: Norton.
Pinker, S. (2002). The blank slate: The modern denial of human nature. New York: Viking Adult.
Pinker, S. (2005). So how does the mind work? Mind and Language, 20(1), 1-24.
Pinker, S. (2007). The stuff of thought: Language as a window into human nature. New York: Viking.
Pinker, S. (2005). A reply to Jerry Fodor on how the mind works. Mind and Language, 20(1), 33-38.
Rayner, K. (1993). Eye movements in reading: Recent developments. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2(3), 81-
       85.
Rayner, K. (2009). Eye movements and attention in reading, scene perception, and visual search. Quarterly Journal of
       Experimental Psychology, 62(8), 1457-1506.
Rayner, K., Pollatsek, A., Drieghe, D., Slattery, T. J., & Reichle, E. D. (2007). Tracking the mind during reading via
       eye movements: Comments on Kliegl, Nuthmann, & Engbert (2006). Journal of Experimental
       Psychology/General, 136(3), 520-529.
Rayner, K., Smith, T. J., Malcolm, G. L., & Henderson, J. M. (2009). Eye movements and visual encoding during
       scene perception. Psychological Science, 20(1), 6-10.
Reichle, E.D., Liversedge, S.P., Pollatsek, A., & Rayner, K. (2009). Encoding multiple words simultaneously in
       reading is implausible. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 13(3), 115-119.
Reichle, E.D., Warren, T., & McConnell, K. (2009). Using E-Z reader to model the effects of higher level language
       processing on eye movements during reading. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16(1), 1-21.
Reichle, E., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (2003). The E-Z reader model of eye-movement control in reading:
       Comparisons to other models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 26(4), 445-476.
Reichle, E. D. (2006). Computational models of eye-movement control during reading: Theories of the eye mind
       link. Cognitive Systems Research, 7(1), 2-3.
Skinner, B. F. (1992). Verbal behavior (Reprint, 1957 ed.). Acton, MA: Copley Publishing Group.
Stuhr, J. J. (2000). Pragmatism and classical American philosophy: Essential readings and interpretive essays. New York:
       Oxford University Press.
Tannen, D. (1999). The argument culture : Changing the way we argue and debate. London: Virago.
Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing machinery and intelligence. Mind: A Quarterly Review of Psychology and Philosophy,
       59(236), 433.
Universal Grammar. (2000). Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from http://dictionary.oed.com
Usó J., E., & Martínez F., A. (2006). Current trends in the development and teaching of the four language skills. New York:
       M. de Gruyter.
Yamada, K. (2009). Lexical patterns in L2 textual gist identification assessment. Language Testing, 26(1), 101-122.

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The Computational Mind, Linguistics, and Noam Chomsky

  • 1. Chomsky’s Labyrinth http://i151.photobucket.com/albums/s133/eugcarmo/255665932jpg.jpg
  • 2. Noam Chomsky (b. 1928) MIT 1955 http://www.spike-island.org.uk/files/images/chomsky.jpg
  • 3. The TOP 10 most-cited writers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Noam Chomsky 9. 10. http://thelastminute.typepad.com/photos/peace_rally_march_20_2004/p3200199.JPG Steven Pinker (1994) The Language Instinct.
  • 4. Why so influential? http://www.pyke-eye.com/a/phil/1988/NoamChomsky.jpg
  • 6. His Grammar Created a Language-Mind Link TRANSFORMATIONAL Parse-able with moveable pieces Generative Infinite variety from finite pieces Universal Innate, inheritable
  • 7. Seth Merrin Professor of Philosophy Co-Director, Center for Cognitive Studies, Tufts University Ray Jackendoff (b. 1945) Tufts University 2005 Brandeis University 2006 http://ase.tufts.edu/cogstud/incbios/RayJackendoff/index.htm
  • 11. NP Det. N The Chicken ran away from the farmer. [t∫IkЛn] http://brainmind.com/images/splitbrain20.jpg
  • 13. The , Turing Machines, and http://www.tcf.ua.edu/AZ/AnalyticalEngine.jpg
  • 14. Turing Computations with Binary Code http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/State_diagram_3_state_busy _beaver_4_.JPG/800px-State_diagram_3_state_busy_beaver_4_.JPG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/State_diagram_3_state_busy_beaver_4_.JPG/800px-State_diagram_3_state_busy_beaver_4_.JPG
  • 15. Metaphors Turing Machines • Data Processing Computers • Complex Processing • Binary Code and Syntax http://prevos.net/ola/identity.jpg
  • 16. Steven Pinker (b. 1954) Harvard University 2009 MIT 2003 http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2004/12.02/photos/7-pinker1-450.jpg
  • 17. 1997 http://linguistlist.org/fund-drive/2008/linguist-of-the-day/Pinker.jpg http://www.indwes.edu/Faculty/bcupp/Book.Pinker2.jpg
  • 18. Sample Model of Language Processing http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/epc/srb/cyber/thi7fig4.gif
  • 19. EZ Reader 10 Reichle, E.D., Warren, T., & McConnell, K. (2009). Using E-Z reader to model the effects of higher level language processing on eye movements during reading. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 16(1), 1-21.
  • 21. Favorite Sources http://www.bookswim.com/images_books/lar http://ebooks-imgs.connect.com/ebooks/ ge/The_Language_Instinct_How_the_Mind_ http://www.changeany1thing.com/wp- product/400/000/000/000/000/062/694/400000 Creates_Language_PS-119190035038056.jpg content/uploads/2008/03/noam_chomsky.jpg 000000000062694_s4.jpg
  • 22. INFORMATION OVERLOAD! MODULAR MIND = SOLUTION http://img87.imageshack.us/img87/8646/fodorsk1.jpg
  • 23. Multiple, Specialized Mind Organs= Complex Mental Processing p://brainmind.com/images/sci714428.jpg http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/innateness-language/PosnerRaichle.jpg
  • 24. Pinker Fodor VS . http://www.firebaugh.com/FDA/Seminars/BlankSlate/PinkerLogo.jpg http://www.pyke-eye.com/a/phil/2001/JerryFoder.jpg 12 Rounds over
  • 25. Rou nd 1997 2002
  • 26. Parting So how doesBlows the mind work? I don’t know. You don’t know. Pinker doesn’t know. And I rather suspect, such is the current state of the art, that if God were to tell us, we wouldn’t understand him. (Fodor, 2005, p. 31) Fodor, more than anyone, has defended the computational theory of mind ... specialization ... [and] evolution as a shaping force in the modular mind. (Pinker, 2005, p. 2)
  • 27. Some mysteries of the mind will probably . http://brainmind.com/images/schizophrenia43.jpg
  • 28. References Barrett, H. C., & Kurzban, R. (2006). Theoretical note--Modularity in cognition: Framing the debate. Psychological Review, 113(3), 628-647. Carruthers, P., Laurence, S., & Stich, S. P. (2005). The innate mind. New York: Oxford University Press. Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic structures. Netherlands: Mouton. Chomsky, N. (1959). Verbal behavior, by B. F. Skinner. Indianapolis, IN: Bobbs-Merrill. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Chomsky, N. (2006). Language and mind. New York: Cambridge University Press. Chomsky, N., & Arnove, A., (2008). The essential Chomsky. New York: New Press. Clahsen, H., & Felser, C. (2006a). Continuity and shallow structures in language processing. Applied Psycholinguistics, 27, 107-126. Clahsen, H., & Felser, C. (2006b). Grammatical processing in language learners. Applied Psycholinguistics, 27(1), 3-42. Cook, V. (1999). Using SLA research in language teaching. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 9(2), 267-84. Duyck, W., Vanderelst, D., Desmet, T., & Hartsuiker, R. J. (2008). The frequency effect in second-language visual word recognition. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15(4), 850. Elston-Güttler, K. E., & Friederici, A. D. (2007). Ambiguous words in sentences: Brain indices for native and non- native disambiguation. Neuroscience Letters, 414(1), 85-89. Fodor, J. (1975). The language of thought. New York: Crowell. Fodor, J. (1981). Representations : Philosophical essays on the foundations of cognitive science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Fodor, J. (1983). The modularity of mind: An essay on faculty psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Fodor, J. (2001). The mind doesn't work that way: The scope and limits of computational psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Fodor, J. (2005). Reply to Steven Pinker ‘So How Does The Mind Work?’ Mind & Language, 20(1), 25-32. Fodor, J. (2006). How the mind works: What we still don't know. Daedalus, 135(3), 86-94. Fodor, J., Bever, T. G., & Garrett, M. F. (1974). The psychology of language: An introduction to psycholinguistics and generative grammar. New York: McGraw-Hill.
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