Computer Concepts.pptx
- 1. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 1 PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany GO! with Computer Concepts Chapter 1 Basic Computer Concepts
- 2. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 2 Objectives 1. Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions 2. Identify the Different Types of Computers 3. Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses 4. Identify Types of Software and Their Uses 5. Describe Networks and Define Network Terms 6. Identify Safe Computing Practices
- 3. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 3 Objective 1:Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions • Computer – A programmable electronic device that can input, process, output, and store data.
- 4. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 4 Objective 1 (cont.) – Components of a typical computer system
- 5. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 5 Objective 2: Identify the Different Types of Computers • Microcomputers – Desktop computers – Notebook computers – Netbook computers – Tablet computers – Mobile devices
- 6. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 6 Objective 2: Identify the Different Types of Computers • Servers – When computers are connected together in a network, servers are computers that manage network resources through administrative software.
- 7. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 7 Objective 2: Identify the Different Types of Computers • Network Servers – Mainframe computers • Manage users through multitasking • Supercomputers – Large, powerful and ultrafast – Process scientific calculations and multi- scale simulations • Embedded Computers – Built into larger components such as a car
- 8. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 8 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • Hardware – A computer and any connected equipment • System Unit – Houses internal components – Provides connection sites for peripheral devices • Peripheral devices provide input and output
- 9. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • System Unit
- 10. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 10 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • Input Devices – Used to enter data into memory (RAM). – Two most familiar: • Mouse • Keyboard
- 11. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 11 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • Central Processing Unit (CPU) – The brain of the computer that executes programs and manipulates data – Two main parts: • Control unit • Arithmetic logic unit – Many different types – Speed is measured in clock speed • megahertz (MHz) and gigahertz (GHz)
- 12. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 12 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- 13. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 13 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • Memory – Measured in bytes • megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), terabytes (TR) – ROM: permanent and nonvolatile – RAM: temporary and volatile
- 14. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 14 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • Output Devices: displays information after data has been processed in a useful format. – Monitors – Printers – Speakers and multimedia projectors
- 15. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 15 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • Output Devices: printers
- 16. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 16 Objective 3:Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • Storage Devices – Used to store data, information, and programs for future use. – Permanent memory – Storage device versus storage media • Device – hardware such as hard drives or DVD drives • Media – removable part that actually contains the stored data
- 17. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 17 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses – Data is stored in one of three forms: • Magnetic • Optical • Flash
- 18. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 18 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • Storage Devices – Hard disk drive – Floppy disk drive – CD or DVD drive – Flash drives – Tape drives
- 19. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 19 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • Ports – Connectors between a peripheral device and computer – Enables data to be exchanged – Have different shapes and sizes – Different ports operate at different speeds – Example: USB port
- 20. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 20 Objective 3: Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses • Evaluating Your System – What kind of computer do you have? • My Computer > Properties > General tab – Which operating system? – How much memory? – Drives and storage space?
- 21. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 21 Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses • System Software – Contains two main programs: • Operating System – Manages hardware components • Utility programs – Small applications that handle tasks involved with management and maintenance of a system.
- 22. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 22 Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses • Operating System – Communicates with the computer and its peripherals • Includes the user interface • Graphical User Interface (GUI) – Icons – Menus – Dialog boxes – Windows
- 23. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 23 Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses • Windows Operating System – Windows XP – Windows Vista – Windows 7 • Linux
- 24. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 24 Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses • Linux • Mac
- 25. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 25 Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses • Utility Programs – Small applications that handle important tasks involved with computer management and maintenance
- 26. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 26 Objective 4: Identify Types of Software and Their Uses • Utility Programs – Can be used to: • Back up important files • Remove unwanted files or programs • Schedule various computer maintenance tasks
- 27. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 27 Objective 4:Identify Types of Software and Their Uses • Application Software – Programs created to perform a specific task or solve a specific need – Fall into one of several categories • Financial and business • Graphics and multimedia • Educational and reference • Entertainment • Communication • Productivity software
- 28. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 28 Objective 4:Identify Types of Software and Their Uses – Productivity software • Word processing • Spreadsheet • Database • Presentation • Communication
- 29. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 29 Objective 5:Describe Networks and Define Network Terms • Networks – Consist of two or more connected computers plus peripheral devices – Each object connected to a network is a node – Allow users to share data, software, and resources
- 30. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 30 Objective 5:Describe Networks and Define Network Terms • LAN – A network that connects computers reasonably close together • WAN – A network that covers a geographic area or begins to include other networks
- 31. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 31 Objective 5: Describe Networks and Define Network Terms • Network configurations – Peer-to-peer • Most commonly found in homes and businesses • Each node communicates with every other node without a dedicated server among computers. – Client/server • Typically have two different types of computers – The client: used by an individual – The server: used by network technicians and administrators to manage network resources
- 32. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 32 Objective 5: Describe Networks and Define Network Terms • Network topologies – describes the different types of network architecture used for client/server networks. – Bus topologies – connects each node to a single, central high-speed line known as a bus. – Ring topologies – connects each node to the next, forming a loop. – Star topologies – connects each node to a special device known as a switch.
- 33. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 33 Objective 5: Describe Networks and Define Network Terms • Network topologies
- 34. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 34 Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices • Computer Maintenance – Establish a regular maintenance routine • Backup utilities • Disk Cleanup • Disk Defragmenter • Task Scheduler • System Restore
- 35. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 35 Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices • Viruses – Malicious codes or software – Invade a computer and alter or destroy data • Worms – Malicious programs that spread from computer to computer – Replicate themselves
- 36. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 36 Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices • Trojan horses – Often appear to be a desirable software program – Do not duplicate themselves or infect other files – Allow intruders such as botnets • software robots that run automatically in networks
- 37. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 37 Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices • Spyware – Captures information on a computer – Usually not intended to harm a computer • Adware • Cookies • Key loggers
- 38. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 38 Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices • Protecting Yourself and Your Computer – Software updates and patches – Antivirus software • Finds and removes viruses – Antispyware software • Similar to antivirus software • Finds and removes spyware
- 39. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 39 Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices • Personal firewalls – Software programs or hardware devices • Can make computers invisible to hackers • Can prevent hackers from turning your computer into a zombie
- 40. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 40 Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices • Zombie – A remotely controlled computer used to spread viruses, spyware, or spam – Can also be used in denial of service (DoS) attacks
- 41. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 41 Objective 6: Identify Safe Computing Practices • What else should you do to be safe online? – Do not give our personal information – Avoid spam email and phishing attacks • Phishing is an email that masquerades as authentic organizations and ask for personal information – Check for hoaxes and scams online – When in doubt, always check
- 42. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 42 Summary • Objectives presented: 1. Define Computer and Identify the Four Basic Computing Functions 2. Identify the Different Types of Computers 3. Describe Hardware Devices and Their Uses 4. Identify Types of Software and Their Uses 5. Describe Networks and Define Network Terms 6. Identify Safe Computing Practices
- 43. with Computer Basics © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 43 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
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