Computer fundamentals

Biyani's Think Tank
Concept based notes

Computer Fundamentals
BCA Part-I

Mr. Santosh Mishra
Lecturer
Deptt. of Information Technology and Management
Biyani Girls College, Jaipur

For more detail: - http://www.gurukpo.com

PDF Created with deskPDF PDF Writer - Trial :: http://www.docudesk.com

Published by :
Think Tanks
Biyani Group of Colleges

Concept & Copyright :
©Biyani Shikshan Samiti
Sector-3, Vidhyadhar Nagar,
Jaipur-302 023 (Rajasthan)
Ph : 0141-2338371, 2338591-95 • Fax : 0141-2338007
E-mail : acad@biyanicolleges.org
Website :www.gurukpo.com; www.biyanicolleges.org

First Edition : 2009

While every effort is taken to avoid errors or omissions in this Publication, any
mistake or omission that may have crept in is not intentional. It may be taken note of
that neither the publisher nor the author will be responsible for any damage or loss of
any kind arising to anyone in any manner on account of such errors and omissions.

Leaser Type Setted by :
Biyani College Printing Department



Preface
I am glad to present this book, especially designed to serve the needs
of the students. The book has been written keeping in mind the general
weakness in understanding the fundamental concepts of the topics. The book is
self-explanatory and adopts the “Teach Yourself” style. It is based on question-answer
pattern. The language of book is quite easy and understandable based on scientific
approach.
This book covers basic concepts related to the microbial understandings about
diversity, structure, economic aspects, bacterial and viral reproduction etc.
Any further improvement in the contents of the book by making corrections,
omission and inclusion is keen to be achieved based on suggestions from the readers
for which the author shall be obliged.
I acknowledge special thanks to Mr. Rajeev Biyani, Chairman & Dr. Sanjay Biyani,
Director (Acad.) Biyani Group of Colleges, who are the backbones and main concept
provider and also have been constant source of motivation throughout this Endeavour.
They played an active role in coordinating the various stages of this Endeavour and
spearheaded the publishing work.
I look forward to receiving valuable suggestions from professors of various
educational institutions, other faculty members and students for improvement of the
quality of the book. The reader may feel free to send in their comments and suggestions
to the under mentioned address.
Author



CONTENTS

S.No. Name of Chapter Page No.
1. Computer Fundamentals 4
2. Some Important Objective Questions 24
3. Multiple Choice Answers 29
4. Assembly Language 38
5. Operating System - DOS 39
6. Operating System – Windows 98 43
7. Word Process Software – MS Word 46
8. Spreadsheet Programme : MS Excel 52
9. DBMS : MS Access 56
10. Internet and Online Resource 61
11. Algorithm and Application Programming 69



CHAPTER-1

Computer Fundamentals

Q.1 Write Short Keys for following Commands.
Ans.: Command Name Shortcut Keys
------------------------------------------------------------------------
All Caps CTRL+SHIFT+A
Annotation ALT+CTRL+M
App Maximize ALT+F10
App Restore ALT+F5
Apply Heading1 ALT+CTRL+1
Apply List Bullet CTRL+SHIFT+L
Auto Format ALT+CTRL+K
Auto Text F3 or ALT+CTRL+V
Bold CTRL+B or CTRL+SHIFT+B
Bookmark CTRL+SHIFT+F5
Browse Next CTRL+PAGE DOWN
Browse Previous CTRL+PAGE UP
Browse Sel ALT+CTRL+HOME
Cancel ESC
Center Para CTRL+E
Change Case SHIFT+F3
Char Left LEFT
Char Left Extend SHIFT+LEFT
Char Right RIGHT
Char Right Extend SHIFT+RIGHT
Clear DELETE


Close or Exit ALT+F4
Close Pane ALT+SHIFT+C
Column Break CTRL+SHIFT+ENTER
Column Select CTRL+SHIFT+F8
Copy CTRL+C or CTRL+INSERT
Copy Format CTRL+SHIFT+C
Copy Text SHIFT+F2
Create Auto Text ALT+F3
Customize Add Menu ALT+CTRL+=
Customize Keyboard ALT+CTRL+NUM +
Customize Remove Menu ALT+CTRL+-
Cut CTRL+X or SHIFT+DELETE
Date Field ALT+SHIFT+D
Delete Back Word CTRL+BACKSPACE
Delete Word CTRL+DELETE
Dictionary ALT+SHIFT+F7
Do Field Click ALT+SHIFT+F9
Doc Close CTRL+W or CTRL+F4
Doc Maximize CTRL+F10
Doc Move CTRL+F7
Doc Restore CTRL+F5
Doc Size CTRL+F8
Doc Split ALT+CTRL+S
Double Underline CTRL+SHIFT+D
End of Column ALT+PAGE DOWN
End of Column ALT+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN
End of Doc Extend CTRL+SHIFT+END
End of Document CTRL+END
End of Line END
End of Line Extend SHIFT+END
End of Row ALT+END



End of Row ALT+SHIFT+END
End of Window ALT+CTRL+PAGE DOWN
End of Window Extend ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE DOWN
Endnote Now ALT+CTRL+D
Extend Selection F8
Field Chars CTRL+F9
Field Codes ALT+F9
Find CTRL+F
Font CTRL+D or CTRL+SHIFT+F
Font Size Select CTRL+SHIFT+P
Footnote Now ALT+CTRL+F
Go Back SHIFT+F5 or ALT+CTRL+Z
Go To CTRL+G or F5
Grow Font CTRL+SHIFT+.
Grow Font One Point CTRL+]
Hanging Indent CTRL+T
Header Footer Link ALT+SHIFT+R
Help F1
Hidden CTRL+SHIFT+H
Hyperlink CTRL+K
Indent CTRL+M
Italic CTRL+I or CTRL+SHIFT+I
Justify Para CTRL+J
Left Para CTRL+L
Line Down DOWN
Line Down Extend SHIFT+DOWN
Line Up UP
Line Up Extend SHIFT+UP
List Num Field ALT+CTRL+L
Lock Fields CTRL+3 or CTRL+F11
Macro ALT+F8



Mail Merge Check ALT+SHIFT+K
Mail Merge Edit Data Source ALT+SHIFT+E
Mail Merge to Doc ALT+SHIFT+N
Mail Merge to Printer ALT+SHIFT+M
Mark Citation ALT+SHIFT+I
Mark Index Entry ALT+SHIFT+X
Mark Table of Contents Entry ALT+SHIFT+O
Menu Mode F10
Merge Field ALT+SHIFT+F
Microsoft Script Editor ALT+SHIFT+F11
Microsoft System Info ALT+CTRL+F1
Move Text F2
New CTRL+N
Next Cell TAB
Next Field F11 or ALT+F1
Next Misspelling ALT+F7
Next Object ALT+DOWN
Next Window CTRL+F6 or ALT+F6
Normal ALT+CTRL+N
Normal Style CTRL+SHIFT+N or
ALT+SHIFT+CLEAR (NUM 5)
Open CTRL+O or CTRL+F12 or
ALT+CTRL+F2
Open or Close Up Para CTRL+0
Other Pane F6 or SHIFT+F6
Outline ALT+CTRL+O
Outline Collapse ALT+SHIFT+- or ALT+SHIFT+NUM -
Outline Demote ALT+SHIFT+RIGHT
Outline Expand ALT+SHIFT+=
Outline Expand ALT+SHIFT+NUM +
Outline Move Down ALT+SHIFT+DOWN



Outline Move Up ALT+SHIFT+UP
Outline Promote ALT+SHIFT+LEFT
Outline Show First Line ALT+SHIFT+L
Overtype INSERT
Page ALT+CTRL+P
Page Break CTRL+ENTER
Page Down PAGE DOWN
Page Down Extend SHIFT+PAGE DOWN
Page Field ALT+SHIFT+P
Page Up PAGE UP
Page Up Extend SHIFT+PAGE UP
Para Down CTRL+DOWN
Para Down Extend CTRL+SHIFT+DOWN
Para Up CTRL+UP
Para Up Extend CTRL+SHIFT+UP
Paste CTRL+V or SHIFT+INSERT
Paste Format CTRL+SHIFT+V
Prev Cell SHIFT+TAB
Prev Field SHIFT+F11 or ALT+SHIFT+F1
Prev Object ALT+UP
Prev Window CTRL+SHIFT+F6 or ALT+SHIFT+F6
Print CTRL+P or CTRL+SHIFT+F12
Print Preview CTRL+F2 or ALT+CTRL+I
Proofing F7
Redo ALT+SHIFT+BACKSPACE
Redo or Repeat CTRL+Y or F4 or ALT+ENTER
Repeat Find SHIFT+F4 or ALT+CTRL+Y
Replace CTRL+H
Reset Char CTRL+SPACE or CTRL+SHIFT+Z
Reset Para CTRL+Q
Revision Marks Toggle CTRL+SHIFT+E



Right Para CTRL+R
Save CTRL+S or SHIFT+F12 or
ALT+SHIFT+F2
Save As F12
Select All CTRL+A or CTRL+CLEAR (NUM 5) or
CTRL+NUM 5
Select Table ALT+CLEAR (NUM 5)
Show All CTRL+SHIFT+8
Show All Headings ALT+SHIFT+A
Show Heading1 ALT+SHIFT+1
Shrink Font CTRL+SHIFT+,
Shrink Font One Point CTRL+[
Small Caps CTRL+SHIFT+K
Space Para1 CTRL+1
Space Para15 CTRL+5
Space Para2 CTRL+2
Spike CTRL+SHIFT+F3 or CTRL+F3
Start of Column ALT+PAGE UP
Start of Column ALT+SHIFT+PAGE UP
Start of Doc Extend CTRL+SHIFT+HOME
Start of Document CTRL+HOME
Start of Line HOME
Start of Line Extend SHIFT+HOME



Start of Row ALT+HOME
Start of Row ALT+SHIFT+HOME
Start of Window ALT+CTRL+PAGE UP
Start of Window Extend ALT+CTRL+SHIFT+PAGE UP
Style CTRL+SHIFT+S
Subscript CTRL+=
Superscript CTRL+SHIFT+=
Symbol Font CTRL+SHIFT+Q
Thesaurus SHIFT+F7
Time Field ALT+SHIFT+T
Toggle Field Display SHIFT+F9
Toggle Master Subdocs CTRL+
Tool SHIFT+F1
Un Hang CTRL+SHIFT+T
Un Indent CTRL+SHIFT+M
Underline CTRL+U or CTRL+SHIFT+U
Undo CTRL+Z or ALT+BACKSPACE
Unlink Fields CTRL+6 or CTRL+SHIFT+F9
Unlock Fields CTRL+4 or CTRL+SHIFT+F11
Update Auto Format ALT+CTRL+U
Update Fields F9 or ALT+SHIFT+U
Update Source CTRL+SHIFT+F7
VBCode ALT+F11
Web Go Back ALT+LEFT
Web Go Forward ALT+RIGHT
Word Left CTRL+LEFT
Word Left Extend CTRL+SHIFT+LEFT
Word Right CTRL+RIGHT
Word Right Extend CTRL+SHIFT+RIGHT
Word Underline CTRL+SHIFT+W



MS Excel
To use one of these combinations Hold the Ctrl or Alt key down and strike the
letter key

Ctrl+N New - Open a new workbook quickly.

Ctrl+O Open - Opens a previously saved document.

Ctrl+W Close - Closes the active window, but does not Exit Excel.

Ctrl+S Save - Saves the active document with its current file
name, location and format.

Ctrl+P Print - Prints the active file, also gives the opportunity to
change print options.

Alt+F4 Exit - Closes Microsoft Excel.

Ctrl+Z Undo - Undo the last action. This selection can be
repeated several times.

Ctrl+Y Redo - After an action has been undone, it can be
reinstated in the document.

Ctrl+X Cut - Removes the selection from the active document
and places it on the clipboard.

Ctrl+C Copy - Copies the selection to the clipboard.

Ctrl+V Paste - Inserts the contents of the clipboard at the
insertion point (cursor) or whatever is selected.

Ctrl+A Selects all on the active worksheet.



Ctrl+F Find - Searches for specified text in the active document.

Ctrl+B Bold - Formats selected text; make text bold, or remove
bold formatting.

Ctrl+I Italic - Formats selected text; make text italic or remove
italic.

Ctrl+U Underline - Formats selected text; make text underlined
or remove underline.

To use any of these combinations hold down the first key(s) and tap the last
key one time.
Release the held keys when the action is completed.

Select the next sheet in the workbook.
Complete a cell entry and move to the right in the
selection.
Move to the next workbook or window.
Move to the next workbook or window.
In print preview, move to the first page when zoomed
out.
In print preview, move to the first page when zoomed
out.
Insert a new worksheet.
Create a chart that uses the current range.
Create a chart that uses the current range.
Insert a hyperlink.
In a cell with a hyperlink, this activates the hyperlink.
Apply the percentage format.
Hide rows.
un hide rows.



Complete a cell entry and move up in the selection.
Select the previous sheet in the workbook.
Complete a cell entry and move to the left in the
selection.
Start a new line in the same cell.
Start a formula.
In print preview, move to the last page when zoomed
out.
Complete a cell entry and move up in the selection.
Insert a new worksheet.
Select the entire row.
Enter the time.
Fill down.
Apply the outline border.
Apply the currency format.
Hide columns.
un hide columns.
Create names from row and column labels.
Displays all formulas in a worksheet, repeat to hide.
Move to the previous workbook or window.
Move to the previous workbook or window.
Complete a cell entry and move down in the selection.
Cancel a cell entry.
In print preview, move to the last page when zoomed
out.
Move between unlocked cells on a protected
worksheet.

Prints the active file, also gives the opportunity to
change print options.

Select the entire column.



Enter the date.

Fill to the right.

Remove outline borders.

Select the current region around the active cell.

Insert the Auto Sum formula.

Display the Format Cells dialog box.

Show, or hide, the Standard toolbar.

Q.2 Write Keywords of C Language.
Ans.:

auto break case char const continue default do

double else enum extern float for goto if

int long register return short signed sizeof static

struct switch typedef union unsigned void volatile while

Q.3 Define different types of Operators.

Ans.: An operator is a symbol which helps the user to command the computer to do a
certain mathematical or logical manipulations. Operators are used in C language
program to operate on data and variables. C has a rich set of operators which can
be classified as

(1) Arithmetic Operators
(2) Relational Operators
(3) Logical Operators
(4) Assignment Operators
(5) Increments and Decrement Operators
(6) Conditional Operators
(7) Bitwise Operators
(8) Special Operators


(1) Arithmetic Operators : All the basic arithmetic operations can be carried
out in C. All the operators have almost the same meaning as in other
languages. Both unary and binary operations are available in C language.
Unary operations operate on a singe operand, therefore the number 5
when operated by unary – will have the value –5.

Arithmetic Operators

Operator Meaning

+ Addition or Unary Plus

– Subtraction or Unary Minus

* Multiplication

/ Division

% Modulus Operator

Examples of arithmetic operators are :
x+y
x-y
-x + y
a*b+c
-a * b
etc.,
here a, b, c, x, y are known as operands. The modulus operator is a special
operator in C language which evaluates the remainder of the operands
after division.
Example :
.
#include //include header file stdio.h
void main() //tell the compiler the start of the program
{
int numb1, num2, sum, sub, mul, div, mod; //declaration of variables
scanf (“%d %d”, &num1, &num2); //inputs the operands



sum = num1+num2; //addition of numbers and storing in sum.
printf(“n Thu sum is = %d”, sum); //display the output
sub = num1-num2; //subtraction of numbers and storing in sub.
printf(“n Thu difference is = %d”, sub); //display the output
mul = num1*num2; //multiplication of numbers and storing in mul.
printf(“n Thu product is = %d”, mul); //display the output
div = num1/num2; //division of numbers and storing in div.
printf(“n Thu division is = %d”, div); //display the output
mod = num1%num2; //modulus of numbers and storing in mod.
printf(“n Thu modulus is = %d”, mod); //display the output
}
.
Integer Arithmetic : When an arithmetic operation is performed on two
whole numbers or integers than such an operation is called as integer
arithmetic. It always gives an integer as the result. Let x = 27 and y = 5 be
2 integer numbers. Then the integer operation leads to the following
results :
x + y = 32
x – y = 22
x * y = 115
x%y=2
x/y=5
In integer division the fractional part is truncated.
Floating Point Arithmetic : When an arithmetic operation is preformed on
two real numbers or fraction numbers such an operation is called floating
point arithmetic. The floating point results can be truncated according to
the properties requirement. The remainder operator is not applicable for
floating point arithmetic operands.
Let x = 14.0 and y = 4.0 then
x + y = 18.0
x – y = 10.0
x * y = 56.0
x / y = 3.50



Mixed mode arithmetic : When one of the operand is real and other is an
integer and if the arithmetic operation is carried out on these 2 operands
then it is called as mixed mode arithmetic. If any one operand is of real
type then the result will always be real thus 15/10.0 = 1.5.

(2) Relational Operators : Often it is required to compare the relationship
between operands and bring out a decision and program accordingly.
This is when the relational operator come into picture. C supports the
following relational operators.

Relational Operators

Operator Meaning

< is less than

<= is less than or equal to

> is greater than

>= is greater than or equal to

== is equal to

!= is not equal to

It is required to compare the marks of 2 students, salary of 2 persons, we
can ompare them using relational operators.
A simple relational expression contains only one relational operator and
takes the following form :
exp1 relational operator exp2
Where exp1 and exp2 are expressions, which may be simple constants,
variables or combination of them. Given below is a list of examples of
relational expressions and evaluated values.
6.5 <= 25 TRUE
-65 > 0 FALSE
10 < 7 + 5 TRUE



Relational expressions are used in decision making statements of C
language such as if, while and for statements to decide the course of action
of a running program.
(3) Logical Operators : C has the following logical operators, they compare or
evaluate logical and relational expressions.

Logical Operators

Operator Meaning

&& Logical AND

|| Logical OR

! Logical NOT

Logical AND (&&) : This operator is used to evaluate 2 conditions or
expressions with relational operators simultaneously. If both the
expressions to the left and to the right of the logical operator is true then
the whole compound expression is true.
Example :
a > b && x = = 10
The expression to the left is a > b and that on the right is x == 10 the whole
expression is true only if both expressions are true i.e., if a is greater than b
and x is equal to 10.
Logical OR (||) : The logical OR is used to combine 2 expressions or the
condition evaluates to true if any one of the 2 expressions is true.
Example :
a < m || a < n
The expression evaluates to true if any one of them is true or if both of
them are true. It evaluates to true if a is less than either m or n and when a
is less than both m and n.
Logical NOT (!) : The logical not operator takes single expression and
evaluates to true if the expression is false and evaluates to false if the
expression is true. In other words it just reverses the value of the
expression.
For example :



! (x >= y)
The NOT expression evaluates to true only if the value of x is neither
greater than or equal to y.
(4) Assignment Operators : The Assignment Operator evaluates an
expression on the right of the expression and substitutes it to the value or
variable on the left of the expression.
Example :
x=a+b
Here the value of a+b is evaluated and substituted to the variable x.
In addition, C has a set of shorthand assignment operators of the form.
var oper = exp;
Here var is a variable, exp is an expression and oper is a C binary
arithmetic operator. The operator oper = is known as shorthand
assignment operator.
Example :
x + = 1 is same as x = x + 1
The commonly used shorthand assignment operators are as follows:

Shorthand Assignment Operators

Statement with simple Statement with
assignment operator shorthand operator

a=a+1 a += 1

a=a–1 a -= 1

a = a * (n+1) a *= (n+1)

a = a / (n+1) a /= (n+1)

a=a%b a %= b

Example for using shorthand assignment operator :
.
#define N 100 //creates a variable N with constant value 100
#define A 2 //creates a variable A with constant value 2



main() //start of the program
{
int a; //variable a declaration
a = A; //assigns value 2 to a
while (a < N) //while value of a is less than N
{ //evaluate or do the following
printf(“%d n”,a); //print the current value of a
a *= a; //shorthand form of a = a * a
} //end of the loop
} //end of the program
.
Using ifs to decide on a discount
#include <stdio.h>
void main() {
const double price = 3.50; /* price*/
int quantity = 0;
printf("Enter the number that you want to buy:"); /* Prompt message */
scanf(" %d", &quantity); /* Read the input */
/* Test for order quantity qualifying for a discount */
if( quantity>20) /* 5% discount */
printf("The price for %d is $%.2fn", quantity, quantity * price * 0.95);
else
/* No discount */
printf("The price for %d is $%.2fn", quantity, quantity * price); }
include <stdio.h>
void main()

{
int number = 0;
printf("nEnter an integer between 1 and 10: ");
scanf("%d",&number);
if (number > 7)
printf("You entered %d which is greater than 7n", number);
if (number < 3)
printf("You entered %d which is less than 3n", number);

} □□□



CHAPTER-2

Some Important Objective Questions

Q.1. What does SD RAM Mean?
(a) Synchronous Dynamic RAM (b) Synchronous Digital RAM
(c) Single Digit RAM (d) None of the above ( )

Q.2. MMX technique is used in :
(a) Network (b) Processor
(c) Memory (d) None of the above ( )

Q.3. The full form of AMD processor is :
(a) Advanced Micro Device (b) Arithmetic Micro Device
(c) Advanced Memory Device (d) None of the above ( )

Q.4. How many sectors are there in 5.25 inch floppy?
(a) 8 (b) 9
(c) 10 (d) 12 ( )

Q.5. Time that head would take to reach on track is :
(a) Seak Time (b) Search Time
(c) Both of them (d) ( )
Q.6. Laser printer is :
(a) Non-impact (b) Impact
(c) Both of them (d) None of them ( )
Q.7. SQL is a :
(a) High level language (b) IV generation language
(c) Machine Language (d) Assembly language ( )



Q.8. NIC is a :
(a) Software (b) Hardware
(c) Electronic Device (d) (b) & (c) both ( )

Q.9. Full form of DCE :
(a) Data Communication Equipment (b) Data Carrier Equipment
(c) Data Connection Equipment (d) None of the above ( )

Q.10. Config.sys is a :
(a) ASCII file (b) Image File
(c) Binary file (d) None of the above ( )

Q.11. C:> denotes :
(a) Sub directory (b) Root directory
(c) Main File (d) Floppy disc drive ( )

Q.12. RTF means :
(a) Real time Format (b) Rich time Format
(c) Rich Text Format (d) Real Text Format ( )
Q.13. Maximum size of a file in a notepad can be :
(a) 128K (b) 64K
(C) 64M (d) 32K ( )

Q.14. MS-Excel is used in :
(a) Letter writing (b) Chart making
(c) Mail (d) All of the above ( )



Q.15. What will be the output of?
Main( )
{
printf( );
}
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) Error (d) None of the above. ( )

Q.16. What is the output?
Main( )
{
int i;
i=5/2;
printf(“%d”,i);
}
(a) 2.5 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) None of the above ( )
Q.17. The protocol that is used in internet :
(a) TCP/IP (b) CSMA
(c) X-25 (d) None of the above ( )

Q.18. Character size in ‘C’ language is :
(a) 2 Byte (b) 1 Byte
(c) 4 Byte (d) 8 Byte ( )

Q.19. scanf() function is specified in this header file :
(a) stdio.h (b) conio.h
(c) math.h (d) ctype.h ( )



Q.20. To access a data member via structure variable which operator is to be used :
(a) Dot operator (b) Arrow operator
(c) Addition operator (d) None of the above ( )

Q.21. CD-Rom is a :
(a) Random Access Memory (b) Volatile Memory
(c) Optical Fiber (d) None ( )

Q.22. A Program, which infects a disc, is called :
(a) Virus (b) Antidot
(c) Vaccine (d) None ( )

Q.23. Bandwidth is maximum along the following communication channel :
(a) Twisted Pair (b) Opticla fiber
(c) Co-axial Cable (d) Infrared ( )
Q.24. One kilobyte means :
(a) 22 Bytes (b) 210
(c) 2 100 Bytes (d) None ( )

Q.25. A Floppy disk contains :
(a) Tracks (b) Sectors
(c) Both Sectors & Tracks (d) None ( )

Q.26. An input device that reads printed text employing optical character pattern :
(a) Magnetic disk (b) Mouse
(c) Scanner (d) None ( )

Q.27. A temporary storage area attached to CPU is known as :
(a) chip (b) Buffer
(c) register (d) None ( )



Q.28. A CPU ‘s processing power is measured in :
(a) IPS (b) CIPS
(c) MIPS (d) Nano Seconds ( )

Q.29. CPU chip is made of :
(a) Carbon (b) Copper
(c) Silica (d) None ( )

Q.30. RAM chip was invented by :
(a) Intel (b) Motorola
(c) IBM (d) None ( )

□□□



CHAPTER-3

Multiple Choice Answers

Q.1. C.D. – R.O.M. is a :
(a) Random Access Memory (b) Volatile memory
(c) Optical memory (d) None of the above (c)

Q.2. Laser Printer uses :
(a) Raster Scan (b) Camera Lanes
(c) Heat Sensitive paper (d) None of the above (a)

Q.3. Bandwidth is maximum along the following communication channel.
(a) Twisted pais (b) Optical fibre
(c) Co-axial cable (d) Infrared (b)

Q.4. EBCDIC code developed by :
(a) ANSI (b) IBM
(c) SILICA (d) Plastic (b)

Q.5. CPU chip is made of :
(a) Carbon (b) Copper
(c) flexible stack (d) None of the above (c)
Q.6. Winchester disk means :
(a) Disk stack (b) Removable disk
(c) Flexible stack (d) None of the above (a)

Q.7. A CPU’s processing power is measured in :
(a) IPS (b) CIPS
(c) MIPS (d) KIPS (c)



Q.8. One Kilobyte means :
(a) 22 Bytes (b) 210 Bytes
(c) 2100 Bytes (d) None of the above (b)

Q.9. A billionth of a second is defined as :
(a) Mill Second (b) Micro second
(c) Nano second (d) Pico second (c)

Q.10. A computer system that combines text, graphics, voice and video is known as :
(a) Multi user system (b) Multitasking system
(c) Multimedia (d) None of the above (c)

Q.11. The range of frequencies available for data transmission is known as :
(a) PCI (b) Multitasking system
(c) Simulation (d) None of the above (b)

Q.12. WAN Hardware does not include :
(a) Multiplexer (b) Router
(c) Bridge (d) None of these (c)
Q.13. RAM chip was invented by :
(a) Intel (b) Motorola
(c) IBM (d) None of these (c)

Q.14. What is diameter of CD-ROM :
(a) 12 Cm (b) 12 inch
(c) 12 mm (d) None of the above (a)

Q.15. Internet addresses are assigned by :
(a) TETF (b) IEEE
(c) INTERNIC (d) None of the above (c)



Q.16. AMD’s full name is :
(a) Automated Micro Device (b) Advanced Micro Device
(c) Arithmetic Multiple Device (d) None of the above (b)

Q.17. Cyrix makes :
(a) Monitor (b) Microprocessor
(c) Printer (d) None of the above (b)

Q.18. Hertz Means :
(a) One cycle per Minute (b) One cycle per second
(c) One cycle per milli second (d) One cycle per hour (b)

Q.19. PCI was developed by :
(a) Motorola (b) ASCII
(c) Intel (d) None of the above (c)
Q.20. The function of NIC is :
(a) Link computer with memory (b) Link computer with network
(c) Link computer with printer (d) None of the above (b)

Q.21. Laser printer uses :
(a) PDL (b) HTML
(c) COBOL (d) None of the above (a)

Q.22. Master Boat Record is also known as :
(a) Partition sector (b) Master Partition table
(c) Both a & b (d) None of the above (c)

Q.23. Printer resolutions are measured in :
(a) Bits per inch (b) Dots per inch.
(c) Dots per centimeter (d) None of the above (b)



Q.24. Photo sensitive chip used in a video camera is known :
(a) BCD (b) CCD
(c) FDD (d) None of the above (d)

Q.25. ______________is internet address.
(a) HTML (b) URL
(c) HTTP (d) None of the above (b)

Q.26 PTM is a _____________
(a) Utility software (b) System software
(c) Application software (d) None of the above (c)
Q.27. Which is pre cursor of the internet?
(a) Gopher (b) ARPANET
(c) IETF (d) None of the above (b)

Q.28. Gateway works on ______level of OSI model.
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 7 (d) None of the above (c)

Q.29. __________ provides port number.
(a) IETF (b) IANA
(c) MIMC (d) None of the above (b)

Q.30. Storage capacity of floppy is maximum in __
(a) DSSD (b) DSDD
(c) SSSD (d) All the above (b)

Q.31. The ISA is a _____ architecture.
(a) 8 bit Data bus (b) 16 bit data bus
(c) 32 bit data bus (d) 64 bit data bus (b)



Q.32. The serial mouse has a ____
(a) 9-pin connector (b) 16-pin connector
(c) 25-pin connector (d) 32 pin connector (a)

Q.33. Server is also known as ___
(a) Front end (b) Back end
(c) Connecting end (d) None of the above (b)
Q.34. POP is ________
(a) Mail (b) Mail server
(c) Mail protocol (d) None of the above (c)

Q.35. Inventor of WWW is ___
(a) Bill Gates (b) Robert Tannenbonm
(c) Tim Berner Lee (d) None of the above (c)

Q.36. ISA has____ number of address line.
(a) 18 (b) 24
(c) 16 (d) 20 (b)

Q.37. The 5.25 inch floppy can _____ MB data.
(a) 2.8 MB (b) 1.2 MB Data
(c) 1.4 M.B (d) None of the above (b)

Q.38. Which one is not a Database Management system.
(a) Access (b) Fox Pro
(c) Netscape (d) Oracle (c)

Q.39. The size of a font is measured in points;. One point equals ____inch in height.
(a) 0.2 (b) 0.1
(c) 0.05 (d) (d)



Q.40 The _____was created in 1989 at the European particle. Physics aboratoryin
Geneva, Switzerland.
(a) Arpanet (b) WWW
(c) Firewalls (d) folders (b)

Q.41. The operating system uses ______to help the CPU coordinate processes.
(a) Webs (b) Interrupt Requests (IRQ)
I(c) Firewalls (d) Folders (b)

Q.42. Refresh rate of monitors is measured in :
(a) Hertz (b) measured in
(c) Megavolt (d) Megahorse (a)

Q.43. PCI is a type of ___
(a) Plug ;and Play (b) Browser
(c) Bus (d) Software (c)

Q.44. PPP stands for :
(a) Print to print protocol (b) Point to point Protocol
(c) Print to Print protocol (d) none of the above (c)

Q.45 Cache memory is :
(a) Temporary and costly (b) Point to point protocol
(c) High speed memory (d) None of the above (c)

Q.46. A GUI is a :
(a) Hardware (b) Language interpreter
(c) Software interface (d) An operating system (c)
Q.47. Which of the following is not a procedural language.
(a) PASCAL (b) Basic
(c) Visual Basic (d) None of the above ( )



Q.48. A _______ works like an upside-down mouse.
(a) Joystick (b) TGrackpad
(c) Trackpoint (d) Trackball (d)

Q.49. On a CD-ROM data is stored in the form of ___ & ___
(a) Lands and pits (b) Dots and Dash
(c) High and Low (d) None of these (a)

Q.50. TCPVIP is :
(a) Software (b) Hardware
(c) Network (d) None of the above (a)

Q.51. Computer virus is a ____
(a) Hardware (b) Software
(c) Both a & b (d) None of the above (b)

Q.52. Three types of memory chips are RAM, ROM and
(a) EISA (b) RISC
(c) CD-ROME (d) CMOS (d)

Q.53. Which one is not a multitasking operating system :
(a) MS-DOS (b) Windows
(c) LINOX (d) UNIX (a)
Q.54 ________provides field for entering or comment of any length.
(a) Counter field (b) Logical field
(c) Memo field (d) Date field (c)

Q.55. The scroll lock key is a ____key.
(a) Function (b) Numeric
(c) Toggle (d) Cursor control (c)



Q.56. A PCM CIA hard drive uses _____
(a) Type I slot (b) Type II slot
(c) Type III slot (d) Type IV slot (c)

Q.57. Tape is accessed :
(a) Randomly (b) Sequentially
(c) Direct (d) None of the above (b)

Q.58. A devise that receives analog signal and converts them into digital data is
known as :
(a) Modulator (b) Demodulator
(c) Multiplexer (d) None of the above (b)

Q.59. Master Boot Record is also known as :
(a) Partition Sector (b) Master Partition table
(c) Both (d) None of the above (c)

Q.60. Electronic instructions that tells the hardware what to do are known as :
(a) Modem (b) Electronic pen
(c) Program (d) Micro computer ( )

□□□



CHAPTER-4

Assembly Language

Q.1 What are the advantage & disadvantage of Assembly language?
Q.2 What do you mean by topology? Write the names of different topologies.
Q.3 What is the difference between LAN & WAN?
Q.4 Write the names of five internal & external commands of DOS.
Q.5 Write the difference between GUI & CUI.
Q.6 What is the difference between Save & Save As?
Q.7 Write the advantage of Mail Merge.
Q.8 What is MODEM? How does it work?
Q.9 What do you mean by storage classes in C? Write the types of storage classes( only
names).
Q.10 What is Structures in C?
Q.11 What is Macro in MS-Word? What are its features? How can we insert Macro in a
document?
Q.12 What are the different types of charts in MS-Excel?
Q.13 How does search engine work?
Q.14 What is a database? Write the advantages of database.
Q.15 What is algorithm? Write the characteristics of algorithm.

□□□



CHAPTER-5

Operating System - DOS

Q.1. What is Operating System? Explain its function.
Ans.: An operating system provides a uses interface, through which a user interacts
with a computer. If acts as a resource manager for the computer, and allocates
resources to the user.
Q.2. Describe the commands in DOS? Name the commands with their syntax.
Ans.: DOS commands are small programs, which are made to perform a particular job.
Every DOS command performs different task. It is not possible to work on the
computer without these commands. There are two types of DOS commands –
(1) Internal Commands
(2) External Commands
Internal Commands : These commands enter into the computer memory during
computer booting. These commands are not in the form of any file; so neither
they can be viewed nor can be edited or detected. For example : MD, CD, TIME,
DATE, COPY, COPR CON, TYPE ETC.
External Commands : These commands are stored in the computer list in the
form of files. These Commands can be viewed, copied, changed or deleted. For
example : FORMAT, COPY, PRINT, SYS, EDIT, TREE, SORT, PROMPT etc.
Important Internal DOS Commands :
(i) MD (Make Directory) : We use this commands to make a new directory
or sub directory.
Syntax : e:1>MD DIRECTORY NAME ↔
Example : MD STUDENT ↔
(ii) CD (Change Directory) : This commands is used to move from one
directory to another.
Syntax : C:> CD Directory name ↔
Example : > CD Student ↔
Exit to Directory :
CD… - The command move the subdirectory to parent directory.
CD -The command is used to move directly to the root directory.



(iii) RD (Remove Directory) : If a Directory which was earlier is ;not required
than such directory can be removed by using syntax :
C:> RD Directory name ↔
Example : >RD student ↔
Note : (a) The directory, which is to be removed, must be empty.
(b) The directory in which one is working cannot be removed.
One has to close the directory and come to the parent
directory to remove that directory.
(iv) Copy Con : Its command is used to create a file. The name of the file,
which is to be created, is written after the copy Con leaving one space in
between syntax :
Copy Con file name ↔
-------------------------------
-------------------------------
To created a file, the following steps are :
(i) Type Copy Con Monu and press Enter.
(ii) Type whatever is to be typed in the file.
(iii) Press F6 function key or CTRL + Z keys ‘∆Z’ will be displayed on
the screen, which indicates that the file is complete.
(iv) Press Enter and after that the DOS will save the file and will
display the message ‘1 File(s) copied.
(v) Del : This command is used to erase the files which are no longer
required.
Syntax : C:> Del < File name >
Example : >Del Monu ↔
(vi) Type : This command is used to view the contents of text file.
Syntax : Type <file name>
(vii) Copy : This command is used to copy of file from one place to another
place. A copy of file is another file with the same contents.
Syntax : C:1> copy <source> < destination path>
(viii) Ren : This command is used to rename the file. In REN command two
parameters are used. The first is the file we want to rename and the
second is the new name for the file.
Syntax : > Ren <old file name> <New file name>



(ix) DIR : This command is used to display of directory and files.
Syntax : C:> DIR ↔
(x) CLS : This command is used to clear the screen.
Syntax : Cl: CLS ↔

Q.3. Differentiate between File and Directory.
Ans.: All the data on our hard drive consists of files and folders.
The basic difference between the two is that files store data, while directory store
files and other sub directory. The Directory, often referred to as directories, are
used to organize files on our computer. The directory themselves take up
virtually no space on the hard drive. Files, on the other hand, can range from
few bytes to several gigabytes.
Q.4. What is ‘Wild Card’? Explain.
Ans.: Wild cards are symbols that let your reference groups of related files. DOS wild
cards are the “*” and “?”.
The asterisk (*) – The asterisk takes the value of any number of characters.
The Question Mark (?) – The question mark matches any single character.
Practical Questions :
I. Make Directories in the following structure using DOS commands :
INDIA
Delhi Rajasthan Punjab
Jaipur Sikar Chandigarh Patiala
a) Make a file named Tourist and type names of any three tourist place in
Jaipur directory.
b) Make a file named Tourist I and type names of any one tourist place in
Chandigarh directory.
c) Make file named RedFort.LTxt and Chandnichowk.Txt. in Delhi directory
(Type same text in these files).
d) Copy Redfort Txt in Sikar directory.
e) Rename Sikar directory as New Delhi.
f) Remove Patiala directory.
g) Delete file name Redfort.Txt.

□□□


Computer fundamentals

More Related Content

Viewers also liked (20)

Similar to Computer fundamentals (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Computer fundamentals