Computer Network & Layered Protocols
- 1. SCHOOL OF IT, AI & CS SUBJECT: DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM TOPIC:COMPUTER NETWORK & LAYERED PROTOCOLS NAME:SAKSHI JOSHI ENROLL NO:210031100821007 SEMESTER:1st
- 2. INDEX: o INTRODUCTION o TYPES OF N/W o ARCHITECTURE o TOPLOLOGY o PROTOCOLS & TYPES o USES & APPLICATION o OSI &ITS PRINCIPLE o OSI MODEL & FUNCTION OF LAYER
- 4. The group of elements connected with links to share information /resources is called computer network. Elements = computer,mobile,server,router etc. Links=optical fibre,coxial cable, wireless etc. Example= printer,scanner,computers and mobile devices etc.
- 5. TYPES OF NETWORK: The different types of network are based on following parameters : size of network,connection & network topology. TYPES: Area Networks(PAN,LAN,MAN,WAN) Network Design(client-server/peer to peer) Network Topology(Bus,Ring,Star,Mesh,Hybrid) Network Protocols(TCP/IP) Wired vs Wireless(Ethernet cables)
- 8. o Local communication o Small area like room,building,offices,cllg in small km etc. o Privately owned N/W to exchange information. o Star, Bus & Ring are some LAN N/W. o It runs at speed of 10mbps to 100mbps and has less delay. o Land based on wireless network is known as WLAN.
- 10. o “Metropolitan” refers to important city such as Mumbai, Newdelhi,Banglore , chennai,Kolkata etc. o It is connection of many LAN o MAN can be defined as a group of computer and devices connected together in large physical area. o It covers distance up to 30-50 Km. o Example=Cable TV network.
- 12. o Connections over long distance like cities, countries , continents or worldwide. o Uses leased, private or public communication links to spread over long distances. o Uses telephone lines, satellites link, and radio link to connect. o Slower and less reliable than LAN. o Example: Internet (Banks etc)
- 15. o Server: it is a computer that shares resources and information with other computers on a network. o Client: requests service or file from a server computer. o A client/ server network is a network in which shared files and application are shared and stored if both the computer.
- 17. o All nodes acting as server and client. o PC can access file and also share the file to other PC. o Equal responsibility and capability to access the file. o P2P network no server is needed as all computer acts as peer.
- 18. NETWORK TOPLOGY!!! TYPES: Bus Ring Star Mesh Tree
- 19. BUS: o Single network cable that runs in the campus or building and all nods are linked with communication line with two endpoint called bus. o Small and easy to use. o Heavy network traffic can slow a bus.
- 20. STAR: o Devices are connected to central computer called HUB. o Appropriate for organisation that requires central data base or central processing facility. o Easy to add and remove nodes. And diagnose the issue. o Once there is issue in centralized computer whole network stops. o Example- bank for online branch environment.
- 21. RING: o Cable passes from one node to another until all nodes are connected in form of “loop” or “ring”. o Transmits in only one direction. o Used in LAN and WAN. o Easy expandable and can span longer distance than other networks. o Expensive and difficult to install.
- 22. MESH: o A mesh topology is a network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with one another. o This topology setup allows for most transmissions to be distributed even if one of the connections goes down. o It is a topology commonly used for wireless networks o Manages high amounts of traffic, because multiple devices can transmit data simultaneously. o Building and maintaining the topology is difficult and time consuming.
- 23. TREE: o A tree topology is a special type of structure where many connected elements are arranged like the branches of a tree. o For example, tree topologies are frequently used to organize the computers in a corporate network, or the information in a database. o Troubleshooting is easy o Difficulty in maintenance and configuration
- 25. PROTOCOLS:
- 26. o TCP: It provides reliable transport service i.e. it ensures the messages sent from sender to recover are properly routed & arrive at destination. o IP: It allows different computers to communicate. o FTP: Used to transfer file from one host to another. o HTTP:It defines how messages are formatted & what actions web servers & browsers should take response to various commands. o HTTPS: It is used by web servers to transfer & display content securely.
- 28. The basic elements of layered model are : Services-set of instruction that a layer informs to other layer. Protocol-set of rules that layer uses to exchange information and interfaces-communication between the layers.
- 29. Layer 1,2&3 that is physical , data and network layer are network support layer. Layer 5,6 &7 that is session, presentation and application layer are user support layer. Transport layer links the network support layer and user support layer.
- 32. Advantages & Disadvantages: It is a truly generic model. And it is considered as a standard model in computer networking. OSI model architectures are based according on different parameters. It is called as a generic model. It has all flexibility to adapt to many protocols. It doesn’t define any particular protocol. The session layer is used for session management. Presentation layer deals with user interaction. Though they are useful, not as much as other layers in the OSI model. There is some duplication of services in layers. Such as, transport and data link layer have error control mechanisms. There is also interdependence among the layers. These layers cannot work in parallel as They have to be in wait to receive data from its predecessor.
- 33. REFRENCES!!! www.google.com Bhanu priya= Education4 U(YouTube) www.csetack.org Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data – communication and Networking,fifth edition,Tata Mcgraw hill,2013. Basic computer application by :Vishal Khasgiwala & Sumitra jain. www.scribd.com