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Computer Networking A Top Down Approach 8th
Edition Keith W Ross Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Keith W Ross,James F Kurose
ISBN(s): 9789356061316, 9356061319
Edition: 8
File Details: PDF, 19.56 MB
Language: english

James F. Kurose
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Keith W. Ross
Polytechnic Institute of NYU
COMPUTER NETWORKING
A Top-Down Approach

xix
1
81
181
303
377
449
531
Chapter 1 Computer Networks and the Internet
Chapter 2 Application Layer
Chapter 3 Transport Layer
Chapter 4 The Network Layer: Data Plane
Chapter 5 The Network Layer: Control Plane
Chapter 6 The Link Layer and LANs
Chapter 7 Wireless and Mobile Networks
Chapter 8 Security in Computer Networks 607
References 691
Index 731
Brief Contents

Chapter 1 Computer Networks and the Internet 1
1.1 What Is the Internet? 2
1.1.1 A Nuts-and-Bolts Description 2
1.1.2 A Services Description 5
1.1.3 What Is a Protocol? 7
1.2 The Network Edge 9
1.2.1 Access Networks 12
1.2.2 Physical Media 18
1.3 The Network Core 22
1.3.1 Packet Switching 23
1.3.2 Circuit Switching 27
1.3.3 A Network of Networks 31
1.4 Delay, Loss, and Throughput in Packet-Switched Networks 35
1.4.1 Overview of Delay in Packet-Switched Networks 35
1.4.2 Queuing Delay and Packet Loss 39
1.4.3 End-to-End Delay 41
1.4.4 Throughput in Computer Networks 43
1.5 Protocol Layers and Their Service Models 47
1.5.1 Layered Architecture 47
1.5.2 Encapsulation 52
1.6 Networks Under Attack 54
1.7 History of Computer Networking and the Internet 58
1.7.1 The Development of Packet Switching: 1961–1972 58
1.7.2 Proprietary Networks and Internetworking: 1972–1980 59
1.7.3 A Proliferation of Networks: 1980–1990 61
1.7.4 The Internet Explosion: The 1990s 62
1.7.5 The New Millennium 63
1.8 Summary 64
Homework Problems and Questions 66
Wireshark Lab 76
Interview: Leonard Kleinrock 78
Table of Contents
xxi

xxii TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 2 Application Layer 81
2.1 Principles of Network Applications 82
2.1.1 Network Application Architectures 84
2.1.2 Processes Communicating 85
2.1.3 Transport Services Available to Applications 88
2.1.4 Transport Services Provided by the Internet 90
2.1.5 Application-Layer Protocols 94
2.1.6 Network Applications Covered in This Book 95
2.2 The Web and HTTP 95
2.2.1 Overview of HTTP 96
2.2.2 Non-Persistent and Persistent Connections 98
2.2.3 HTTP Message Format 101
2.2.4 User-Server Interaction: Cookies 105
2.2.5 Web Caching 108
2.2.6 HTTP/2 113
2.3 Electronic Mail in the Internet 116
2.3.1 SMTP 118
2.3.2 Mail Message Formats 121
2.3.3 Mail Access Protocols 121
2.4 DNS—The Internet’s Directory Service 122
2.4.1 Services Provided by DNS 123
2.4.2 Overview of How DNS Works 125
2.4.3 DNS Records and Messages 131
2.5 Peer-to-Peer File Distribution 136
2.6 Video Streaming and Content Distribution Networks 143
2.6.1 Internet Video 143
2.6.2 HTTP Streaming and DASH 144
2.6.3 Content Distribution Networks 145
2.6.4 Case Studies: Netflix and YouTube 149
2.7 Socket Programming: Creating Network Applications 152
2.7.1 Socket Programming with UDP 154
2.7.2 Socket Programming with TCP 159
2.8 Summary 165
Socket Programming Assignments 175
Wireshark Labs: HTTP, DNS 177
Interview: Tim Berners-Lee 178

TABLE OF CONTENTS xxiii
Chapter 3 Transport Layer 181
3.1 Introduction and Transport-Layer Services 182
3.1.1 Relationship Between Transport and Network Layers 182
3.1.2 Overview of the Transport Layer in the Internet 185
3.2 Multiplexing and Demultiplexing 187
3.3 Connectionless Transport: UDP 194
3.3.1 UDP Segment Structure 198
3.3.2 UDP Checksum 198
3.4 Principles of Reliable Data Transfer 200
3.4.1 Building a Reliable Data Transfer Protocol 202
3.4.2 Pipelined Reliable Data Transfer Protocols 211
3.4.3 Go-Back-N (GBN) 215
3.4.4 Selective Repeat (SR) 220
3.5 Connection-Oriented Transport: TCP 227
3.5.1 The TCP Connection 227
3.5.2 TCP Segment Structure 230
3.5.3 Round-Trip Time Estimation and Timeout 235
3.5.4 Reliable Data Transfer 238
3.5.5 Flow Control 246
3.5.6 TCP Connection Management 249
3.6 Principles of Congestion Control 255
3.6.1 The Causes and the Costs of Congestion 255
3.6.2 Approaches to Congestion Control 262
3.7 TCP Congestion Control 263
3.7.1 Classic TCP Congestion Control 263
3.7.2 Network-Assisted Explicit Congestion Notification and
Delayed-based Congestion Control 274
3.7.3 Fairness 276
3.8 Evolution of Transport-Layer Functionality 279
3.9 Summary 282
Programming Assignments 300
Wireshark Labs: Exploring TCP, UDP 300
Interview: Van Jacobson 301
Chapter 4 The Network Layer: Data Plane 303
4.1 Overview of Network Layer 304
4.1.1 Forwarding and Routing: The Data and Control Planes 304
4.1.2 Network Service Model 309
4.2 What’s Inside a Router? 311
4.2.1 Input Port Processing and Destination-Based Forwarding 314
4.2.2 Switching 317

xxiv TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.2.3 Output Port Processing 319
4.2.4 Where Does Queuing Occur? 319
4.2.5 Packet Scheduling 325
4.3 The Internet Protocol (IP): IPv4, Addressing, IPv6, and More 330
4.3.1 IPv4 Datagram Format 331
4.3.2 IPv4 Addressing 333
4.3.3 Network Address Translation (NAT) 344
4.3.4 IPv6 347
4.4 Generalized Forwarding and SDN 353
4.4.1 Match 355
4.4.2 Action 356
4.4.3 OpenFlow Examples of Match-plus-action in Action 357
4.5 Middleboxes 360
4.6 Summary 364
Wireshark Lab: IP 374
Interview: Vinton G. Cerf 375
Chapter 5 The Network Layer: Control Plane 377
5.1 Introduction 378
5.2 Routing Algorithms 380
5.2.1 The Link-State (LS) Routing Algorithm 383
5.2.2 The Distance-Vector (DV) Routing Algorithm 388
5.3 Intra-AS Routing in the Internet: OSPF 395
5.4 Routing Among the ISPs: BGP 399
5.4.1 The Role of BGP 399
5.4.2 Advertising BGP Route Information 400
5.4.3 Determining the Best Routes 402
5.4.4 IP-Anycast 406
5.4.5 Routing Policy 407
5.4.6 Putting the Pieces Together: Obtaining Internet Presence 410
5.5 The SDN Control Plane 411
5.5.1 The SDN Control Plane: SDN Controller and
SDN Network-control Applications 414
5.5.2 OpenFlow Protocol 416
5.5.3 Data and Control Plane Interaction: An Example 418
5.5.4 SDN: Past and Future 419
5.6 ICMP: The Internet Control Message Protocol 423
5.7 Network Management and SNMP, NETCONF/YANG 425
5.7.1 The Network Management Framework 426
5.7.2 The Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
and the Management Information Base (MIB) 428
5.7.3 The Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF) and YANG 432
5.8 Summary 436

TABLE OF CONTENTS xxv
Socket Programming Assignment 5: ICMP Ping 443
Programming Assignment: Routing 444
Wireshark Lab: ICMP 445
Interview: Jennifer Rexford 446
Chapter 6 The Link Layer and LANs 449
6.1 Introduction to the Link Layer 450
6.1.1 The Services Provided by the Link Layer 452
6.1.2 Where Is the Link Layer Implemented? 453
6.2 Error-Detection and -Correction Techniques 454
6.2.1 Parity Checks 456
6.2.2 Checksumming Methods 458
6.2.3 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 459
6.3 Multiple Access Links and Protocols 461
6.3.1 Channel Partitioning Protocols 463
6.3.2 Random Access Protocols 465
6.3.3 Taking-Turns Protocols 474
6.3.4 DOCSIS: The Link-Layer Protocol for Cable Internet Access 475
6.4 Switched Local Area Networks 477
6.4.1 Link-Layer Addressing and ARP 478
6.4.2 Ethernet 484
6.4.3 Link-Layer Switches 491
6.4.4 Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) 497
6.5 Link Virtualization: A Network as a Link Layer 501
6.5.1 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 502
6.6 Data Center Networking 505
6.6.1 Data Center Architectures 505
6.6.2 Trends in Data Center Networking 509
6.7 Retrospective: A Day in the Life of a Web Page Request 512
6.7.1 Getting Started: DHCP, UDP, IP, and Ethernet 512
6.7.2 Still Getting Started: DNS and ARP 514
6.7.3 Still Getting Started: Intra-Domain Routing to the DNS Server 515
6.7.4 Web Client-Server Interaction: TCP and HTTP 516
6.8 Summary 518
Wireshark Labs: 802.11 Ethernet 527
Interview: Albert Greenberg 528
Chapter 7 Wireless and Mobile Networks 531
7.1 Introduction 532
7.2 Wireless Links and Network Characteristics 536
7.2.1 CDMA 539

xxvi TABLE OF CONTENTS
7.3 WiFi: 802.11 Wireless LANs 542
7.3.1 The 802.11 Wireless LAN Architecture 544
7.3.2 The 802.11 MAC Protocol 548
7.3.3 The IEEE 802.11 Frame 553
7.3.4 Mobility in the Same IP Subnet 556
7.3.5 Advanced Features in 802.11 559
7.3.6 Personal Area Networks: Bluetooth 560
7.4 Cellular Networks: 4G and 5G 563
7.4.1 4G LTE Cellular Networks: Architecture and Elements 564
7.4.2 LTE Protocols Stacks 570
7.4.3 LTE Radio Access Network 571
7.4.4 Additional LTE Functions: Network Attachment and
Power Management 572
7.4.5 The Global Cellular Network: A Network of Networks 574
7.4.6 5G Cellular Networks 575
7.5 Mobility Management: Principles 578
7.5.1 Device Mobility: a Network-layer Perspective 578
7.5.2 Home Networks and Roaming on Visited Networks 579
7.5.3 Direct and Indirect Routing to/from a Mobile Device 580
7.6 Mobility Management in Practice 587
7.6.1 Mobility Management in 4G/5G Networks 587
7.6.2 Mobile IP 592
7.7 Wireless and Mobility: Impact on Higher-Layer Protocols 594
7.8 Summary 596
Wireshark Lab: WiFi 602
Interview: Deborah Estrin 603
Chapter 8 Security in Computer Networks 607
8.1 What Is Network Security? 608
8.2 Principles of Cryptography 610
8.2.1 Symmetric Key Cryptography 612
8.2.2 Public Key Encryption 618
8.3 Message Integrity and Digital Signatures 624
8.3.1 Cryptographic Hash Functions 625
8.3.2 Message Authentication Code 626
8.3.3 Digital Signatures 628
8.4 End-Point Authentication 634
8.5 Securing E-Mail 639
8.5.1 Secure E-Mail 640
8.5.2 PGP 643

TABLE OF CONTENTS xxvii
8.6 Securing TCP Connections: TLS 644
8.6.1 The Big Picture 646
8.6.2 A More Complete Picture 649
8.7 Network-Layer Security: IPsec and Virtual Private Networks 651
8.7.1 IPsec and Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) 651
8.7.2 The AH and ESP Protocols 653
8.7.3 Security Associations 653
8.7.4 The IPsec Datagram 655
8.7.5 IKE: Key Management in IPsec 658
8.8 Securing Wireless LANs and 4G/5G Cellular Networks 659
8.8.1 Authentication and Key Agreement in 802.11 Wireless LANs 659
8.8.2 Authentication and Key Agreement in 4G/5G Cellular Networks 664
8.9 Operational Security: Firewalls and Intrusion Detection Systems 667
8.9.1 Firewalls 667
8.9.2 Intrusion Detection Systems 675
8.10 Summary 679
Wireshark Lab: SSL 688
IPsec Lab 688
Interview: Steven M. Bellovin 689
References 691
Index 731

1
1
Today’s Internet is arguably the largest engineered system ever created by mankind,
with hundreds of millions of connected computers, communication links, and
switches; with billions of users who connect via laptops, tablets, and smartphones;
and with an array of new Internet-connected “things” including game consoles, sur-
veillance systems, watches, eye glasses, thermostats, and cars. Given that the Inter-
net is so large and has so many diverse components and uses, is there any hope of
understanding how it works? Are there guiding principles and structure that can
provide a foundation for understanding such an amazingly large and complex sys-
tem? And if so, is it possible that it actually could be both interesting and fun to
learn about computer networks? Fortunately, the answer to all of these questions is
a resounding YES! Indeed, it’s our aim in this book to provide you with a modern
introduction to the dynamic field of computer networking, giving you the princi-
ples and practical insights you’ll need to understand not only today’s networks, but
tomorrow’s as well.
This first chapter presents a broad overview of computer networking and the
Internet. Our goal here is to paint a broad picture and set the context for the rest
of this book, to see the forest through the trees. We’ll cover a lot of ground in this
introductory chapter and discuss a lot of the pieces of a computer network, without
losing sight of the big picture.
We’ll structure our overview of computer networks in this chapter as follows.
After introducing some basic terminology and concepts, we’ll first examine the basic
hardware and software components that make up a network. We’ll begin at the net-
work’s edge and look at the end systems and network applications running in the
network. We’ll then explore the core of a computer network, examining the links
1
CHAPTER
Computer
Networks and
the Internet
1

2 CHAPTER 1 • COMPUTER NETWORKS AND THE INTERNET
and the switches that transport data, as well as the access networks and physical
media that connect end systems to the network core. We’ll learn that the Internet is
a network of networks, and we’ll learn how these networks connect with each other.
After having completed this overview of the edge and core of a computer net-
work, we’ll take the broader and more abstract view in the second half of this chap-
ter. We’ll examine delay, loss, and throughput of data in a computer network and
provide simple quantitative models for end-to-end throughput and delay: models
that take into account transmission, propagation, and queuing delays. We’ll then
introduce some of the key architectural principles in computer networking, namely,
protocol layering and service models. We’ll also learn that computer networks are
vulnerable to many different types of attacks; we’ll survey some of these attacks and
consider how computer networks can be made more secure. Finally, we’ll close this
chapter with a brief history of computer networking.
1.1 What Is the Internet?
In this book, we’ll use the public Internet, a specific computer network, as our prin-
cipal vehicle for discussing computer networks and their protocols. But what is the
Internet? There are a couple of ways to answer this question. First, we can describe
the nuts and bolts of the Internet, that is, the basic hardware and software components
that make up the Internet. Second, we can describe the Internet in terms of a network-
ing infrastructure that provides services to distributed applications. Let’s begin with
the nuts-and-bolts description, using Figure 1.1 to illustrate our discussion.
1.1.1 A Nuts-and-Bolts Description
The Internet is a computer network that interconnects billions of computing devices
throughout the world. Not too long ago, these computing devices were primarily
traditional desktop computers, Linux workstations, and so-called servers that store
and transmit information such as Web pages and e-mail messages. Increasingly,
however, users connect to the Internet with smartphones and tablets—today, close
to half of the world’s population are active mobile Internet users with the percentage
expected to increase to 75% by 2025 [Statista 2019]. Furthermore, nontraditional
Internet “things” such as TVs, gaming consoles, thermostats, home security systems,
home appliances, watches, eye glasses, cars, traffic control systems, and more are
being connected to the Internet. Indeed, the term computer network is beginning to
sound a bit dated, given the many nontraditional devices that are being hooked up to
the Internet. In Internet jargon, all of these devices are called hosts or end systems.
By some estimates, there were about 18 billion devices connected to the Internet in
2017, and the number will reach 28.5 billion by 2022 [Cisco VNI 2020].

1.1 • WHAT IS THE INTERNET? 3
Figure 1.1 ♦ Some pieces of the Internet
Key:
Traffic light Thermostat Fridge
Datacenter Workstation
Host
(= end system)
Mobile
Computer
Base
station
Router Cell phone
tower
Smartphone
or tablet
Link-layer
switch
Server
Content Provider Network
National or
Global ISP
Datacenter Network
Datacenter Network
Mobile Network
Enterprise Network
Home Network
Local or
Regional ISP

End systems are connected together by a network of communication links and
packet switches. We’ll see in Section 1.2 that there are many types of communica-
tion links, which are made up of different types of physical media, including coaxial
cable, copper wire, optical fiber, and radio spectrum. Different links can transmit
data at different rates, with the transmission rate of a link measured in bits/second.
When one end system has data to send to another end system, the sending end system
segments the data and adds header bytes to each segment. The resulting packages
of information, known as packets in the jargon of computer networks, are then sent
through the network to the destination end system, where they are reassembled into
the original data.
A packet switch takes a packet arriving on one of its incoming communication
links and forwards that packet on one of its outgoing communication links. Packet
switches come in many shapes and flavors, but the two most prominent types in
today’s Internet are routers and link-layer switches. Both types of switches forward
packets toward their ultimate destinations. Link-layer switches are typically used in
access networks, while routers are typically used in the network core. The sequence
of communication links and packet switches traversed by a packet from the send-
ing end system to the receiving end system is known as a route or path through
the network. Cisco predicts annual global IP traffic will reach nearly five zettabytes
(1021
bytes) by 2022 [Cisco VNI 2020].
Packet-switched networks (which transport packets) are in many ways
similar to transportation networks of highways, roads, and intersections (which
transport vehicles). Consider, for example, a factory that needs to move a large
amount of cargo to some destination warehouse located thousands of kilometers
away. At the factory, the cargo is segmented and loaded into a fleet of trucks.
Each of the trucks then independently travels through the network of highways,
roads, and intersections to the destination warehouse. At the destination ware-
house, the cargo is unloaded and grouped with the rest of the cargo arriving
from the same shipment. Thus, in many ways, packets are analogous to trucks,
communication links are analogous to highways and roads, packet switches are
analogous to intersections, and end systems are analogous to buildings. Just as
a truck takes a path through the transportation network, a packet takes a path
through a computer network.
End systems access the Internet through Internet Service Providers (ISPs),
including residential ISPs such as local cable or telephone companies; corpo-
rate ISPs; university ISPs; ISPs that provide WiFi access in airports, hotels, cof-
fee shops, and other public places; and cellular data ISPs, providing mobile access
to our smartphones and other devices. Each ISP is in itself a network of packet
switches and communication links. ISPs provide a variety of types of network access
to the end systems, including residential broadband access such as cable modem
or DSL, high-speed local area network access, and mobile wireless access. ISPs
also provide Internet access to content providers, connecting servers directly to
the Internet. The Internet is all about connecting end systems to each other, so the

ISPs that provide access to end systems must also be interconnected. These lower-
tier ISPs are thus interconnected through national and international upper-tier ISPs
and these upper-tier ISPs are connected directly to each other. An upper-tier ISP
consists of high-speed routers interconnected with high-speed fiber-optic links. Each
ISP network, whether upper-tier or lower-tier, is managed independently, runs the
IP protocol (see below), and conforms to certain naming and address conventions.
We’ll examine ISPs and their interconnection more closely in Section 1.3.
End systems, packet switches, and other pieces of the Internet run protocols that
controlthesendingandreceivingofinformationwithintheInternet.TheTransmission
Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) are two of the most impor-
tant protocols in the Internet. The IP protocol specifies the format of the packets
that are sent and received among routers and end systems. The Internet’s principal
protocols are collectively known as TCP/IP. We’ll begin looking into protocols in
this introductory chapter. But that’s just a start—much of this book is concerned with
networking protocols!
Given the importance of protocols to the Internet, it’s important that everyone
agree on what each and every protocol does, so that people can create systems and
products that interoperate. This is where standards come into play. Internet standards
are developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) [IETF 2020]. The IETF
standards documents are called requests for comments (RFCs). RFCs started out
as general requests for comments (hence the name) to resolve network and protocol
design problems that faced the precursor to the Internet [Allman 2011]. RFCs tend
to be quite technical and detailed. They define protocols such as TCP, IP, HTTP (for
the Web), and SMTP (for e-mail). There are currently nearly 9000 RFCs. Other bod-
ies also specify standards for network components, most notably for network links.
The IEEE 802 LAN Standards Committee [IEEE 802 2020], for example, specifies
the Ethernet and wireless WiFi standards.
1.1.2 A Services Description
Our discussion above has identified many of the pieces that make up the Internet.
But we can also describe the Internet from an entirely different angle—namely, as
an infrastructure that provides services to applications. In addition to traditional
applications such as e-mail and Web surfing, Internet applications include mobile
smartphone and tablet applications, including Internet messaging, mapping with
real-time road-traffic information, music streaming movie and television streaming,
online social media, video conferencing, multi-person games, and location-based
recommendation systems. The applications are said to be distributed applications,
since they involve multiple end systems that exchange data with each other. Impor-
tantly, Internet applications run on end systems—they do not run in the packet
switches in the network core. Although packet switches facilitate the exchange of
data among end systems, they are not concerned with the application that is the
source or sink of data.

Let’s explore a little more what we mean by an infrastructure that provides
services to applications. To this end, suppose you have an exciting new idea for a dis-
tributed Internet application, one that may greatly benefit humanity or one that may
simply make you rich and famous. How might you go about transforming this idea
into an actual Internet application? Because applications run on end systems, you are
going to need to write programs that run on the end systems. You might, for example,
write your programs in Java, C, or Python. Now, because you are developing a dis-
tributed Internet application, the programs running on the different end systems will
need to send data to each other. And here we get to a central issue—one that leads
to the alternative way of describing the Internet as a platform for applications. How
does one program running on one end system instruct the Internet to deliver data to
another program running on another end system?
End systems attached to the Internet provide a socket interface that speci-
fies how a program running on one end system asks the Internet infrastructure to
deliver data to a specific destination program running on another end system. This
Internet socket interface is a set of rules that the sending program must follow so
that the Internet can deliver the data to the destination program. We’ll discuss the
Internet socket interface in detail in Chapter 2. For now, let’s draw upon a simple
analogy, one that we will frequently use in this book. Suppose Alice wants to send
a letter to Bob using the postal service. Alice, of course, can’t just write the letter
(the data) and drop the letter out her window. Instead, the postal service requires
that Alice put the letter in an envelope; write Bob’s full name, address, and zip
code in the center of the envelope; seal the envelope; put a stamp in the upper-
right-hand corner of the envelope; and finally, drop the envelope into an official
postal service mailbox. Thus, the postal service has its own “postal service inter-
face,” or set of rules, that Alice must follow to have the postal service deliver her
letter to Bob. In a similar manner, the Internet has a socket interface that the pro-
gram sending data must follow to have the Internet deliver the data to the program
that will receive the data.
The postal service, of course, provides more than one service to its custom-
ers. It provides express delivery, reception confirmation, ordinary use, and many
more services. In a similar manner, the Internet provides multiple services to its
applications. When you develop an Internet application, you too must choose one
of the Internet’s services for your application. We’ll describe the Internet’s ser-
vices in Chapter 2.
We have just given two descriptions of the Internet; one in terms of its hardware
and software components, the other in terms of an infrastructure for providing ser-
vices to distributed applications. But perhaps you are still confused as to what the
Internet is. What are packet switching and TCP/IP? What are routers? What kinds of
communication links are present in the Internet? What is a distributed application?
How can a thermostat or body scale be attached to the Internet? If you feel a bit over-
whelmed by all of this now, don’t worry—the purpose of this book is to introduce
you to both the nuts and bolts of the Internet and the principles that govern how and

why it works. We’ll explain these important terms and questions in the following
sections and chapters.
1.1.3 What Is a Protocol?
Now that we’ve got a bit of a feel for what the Internet is, let’s consider another
important buzzword in computer networking: protocol. What is a protocol? What
does a protocol do?
A Human Analogy
It is probably easiest to understand the notion of a computer network protocol by
first considering some human analogies, since we humans execute protocols all of
the time. Consider what you do when you want to ask someone for the time of day.
A typical exchange is shown in Figure 1.2. Human protocol (or good manners, at
Figure 1.2 ♦ A human protocol and a computer network protocol
GET http://www.pearsonhighered.com/
cs-resources/
TCP connection request
Time Time
TCP connection reply
<file>
Hi
Got the time?
Time Time
Hi
2:00

least) dictates that one first offer a greeting (the first “Hi” in Figure 1.2) to initiate
communication with someone else. The typical response to a “Hi” is a returned
“Hi” message. Implicitly, one then takes a cordial “Hi” response as an indication
that one can proceed and ask for the time of day. A different response to the initial
“Hi” (such as “Don’t bother me!” or “I don’t speak English,” or some unprintable
reply) might indicate an unwillingness or inability to communicate. In this case,
the human protocol would be not to ask for the time of day. Sometimes one gets no
response at all to a question, in which case one typically gives up asking that person
for the time. Note that in our human protocol, there are specific messages we send,
and specific actions we take in response to the received reply messages or other
events (such as no reply within some given amount of time). Clearly, transmitted
and received messages, and actions taken when these messages are sent or received
or other events occur, play a central role in a human protocol. If people run differ-
ent protocols (for example, if one person has manners but the other does not, or if
one understands the concept of time and the other does not) the protocols do not
interoperate and no useful work can be accomplished. The same is true in network-
ing—it takes two (or more) communicating entities running the same protocol in
order to accomplish a task.
Let’s consider a second human analogy. Suppose you’re in a college class (a
computer networking class, for example!). The teacher is droning on about protocols
and you’re confused. The teacher stops to ask, “Are there any questions?” (a message
that is transmitted to, and received by, all students who are not sleeping). You raise
your hand (transmitting an implicit message to the teacher). Your teacher acknowl-
edges you with a smile, saying “Yes . . .” (a transmitted message encouraging you
to ask your question—teachers love to be asked questions), and you then ask your
question (that is, transmit your message to your teacher). Your teacher hears your
question (receives your question message) and answers (transmits a reply to you).
Once again, we see that the transmission and receipt of messages, and a set of con-
ventional actions taken when these messages are sent and received, are at the heart
of this question-and-answer protocol.
Network Protocols
A network protocol is similar to a human protocol, except that the entities exchang-
ing messages and taking actions are hardware or software components of some
device (for example, computer, smartphone, tablet, router, or other network-capable
device). All activity in the Internet that involves two or more communicating remote
entities is governed by a protocol. For example, hardware-implemented protocols in
two physically connected computers control the flow of bits on the “wire” between
the two network interface cards; congestion-control protocols in end systems control
the rate at which packets are transmitted between sender and receiver; protocols in
routers determine a packet’s path from source to destination. Protocols are running

1.2 • THE NETWORK EDGE 9
everywhere in the Internet, and consequently much of this book is about computer
network protocols.
As an example of a computer network protocol with which you are probably
familiar, consider what happens when you make a request to a Web server, that
is, when you type the URL of a Web page into your Web browser. The scenario is
illustrated in the right half of Figure 1.2. First, your computer will send a connec-
tion request message to the Web server and wait for a reply. The Web server will
eventually receive your connection request message and return a connection reply
message. Knowing that it is now OK to request the Web document, your computer
then sends the name of the Web page it wants to fetch from that Web server in a
GET message. Finally, the Web server returns the Web page (file) to your computer.
Given the human and networking examples above, the exchange of messages
and the actions taken when these messages are sent and received are the key defining
elements of a protocol:
A protocol defines the format and the order of messages exchanged between two
or more communicating entities, as well as the actions taken on the transmission
and/or receipt of a message or other event.
The Internet, and computer networks in general, make extensive use of pro-
tocols. Different protocols are used to accomplish different communication tasks.
As you read through this book, you will learn that some protocols are simple and
straightforward, while others are complex and intellectually deep. Mastering the
field of computer networking is equivalent to understanding the what, why, and how
of networking protocols.
1.2 The Network Edge
In the previous section, we presented a high-level overview of the Internet and
networking protocols. We are now going to delve a bit more deeply into the com-
ponents of the Internet. We begin in this section at the edge of the network and
look at the components with which we are most familiar—namely, the computers,
smartphones and other devices that we use on a daily basis. In the next section, we’ll
move from the network edge to the network core and examine switching and routing
in computer networks.
Recall from the previous section that in computer networking jargon, the com-
puters and other devices connected to the Internet are often referred to as end sys-
tems. They are referred to as end systems because they sit at the edge of the Internet,
as shown in Figure 1.3. The Internet’s end systems include desktop computers

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|Stephen, b. 1798. + Ruby. b. 1800; m. William Remely. She d.
1840. Barrington, Mass. MICHAEL LOOMIS. b. Egremont, Mass.,
1768: m. Sally Phillips. Removed to Catlin, Chemung Co.. N. Y., while
young. But 6 ch'n, so far, are credited to him. Amaziah, b. Painted
Post, N. Y., 5112. James, b. . July, 1800. + 5113. Harry, b. . William,
b. , d. in Civil War. 5114. Anson, b. . RiLEV, b . Removed to 111.
THOMAS LOOMIS, b. Mass., Feb, 9, 1857. He came from Great Barri
ton, Yates Co., N. Y., and removed d. June 23, 1847. Green Oak,
Mich., Amelia, b. Jan. 30, 1795; m. Benjamin Coolbaugh. She d.
Mch. 7, 185 1. Barrington, N. Y. Isabella, b. Aug. 27, 1797; m. Amos
West. She d. 1874. Wayne, N. Y. Gideon, b. Feb. 20, 1800. + Ira, b.
Jan. i, 1803. + Squire, b. Jan. 31, 1807. + Mary, b. Mch. 14, 1809;
m. Nov. 25. 1826, Archibald, b. Feb. 3, 1808, son of Robert Taylor
and Ann 1771; m. Irene Chubb, b. Jan. 30, 1776. d. Mch. ngton,
Mass., resided several years in Barringto Mich, in 1837. Farmer.
Rep'n. Bapt. He where he resided since 1836. 8 ch'n. (Dubois')
Bartholomew. In 1877 lived L'nion, Broome Co., N. Y. Ch'n : I.
Caroline, 2. John, 3. Mary .•nn, 4. Henry, 5. Chas.. 6. George, 7.
Irene, 8. Dell, 9. Cornelia. For desc. see Bartholomew Gen., p. 502.
5121. Betsey, b. Mch. 8, 1812; m. John Rane. She d. Aug. 3, 1841.
Green Oak, Mich. 5122. LovANA, b. Feb. 3, 1815; m. William De
Graw. Greenville, Mich.

301 ^puptttl) Ci>fn?ratt0n 2286. CAPT. JOSIAH LOOMIS, b.
Egremont, Mass., Dec, 20, 1780; m. Great Barrington, Mass., June
24, 1804, Rebecca Ray, b. Mch. 6, 1784, d. Aug. 5, 1827. He
removed to Williamsfield, Ashtabula Co., O., and there d. Mch. 20,
1854. He rec'd a com. as Ensign, 2nd Regt. Mass. Militia, 1816, from
Gov. John Brooks, of Mass. Also rec'd a com. as Lieut., 5th Regt. O.
Militia, from Gov. Thomas Worthington, of O., dated Nov. 27, 1818.
Also rec'd a com. as capt. 5th Regt. O. Militia, dated Dec. 19, 1819,
from Gov. Ethan Allen Brown, of Ohio. 11 ch'n. 5123. 5124.
.=;i255126. 2290. 51345135S136. 2291. 5143514451455 146.
51472297. 5152. 5153SIS4SiSS. 5156. Thomas R., b. Gr. Barrington,
Mass., Sept. 15, 1804, d. Mch. 13, 1828. Electa, b. Tryingham,
Mass., Aug. 15, 1806; m. Marvin Morse, who d. 1854. W.
Williamsfield, Ohio. Ch'n: I. Charles Wesley, 2. Betsey B., 3. Billings
B., 4. Miranda, 5. Charlotte V., 6. Electa, 7. Malvene, 8. Lauretta, 9.
Cynthia, 10. Abbie J., II. Marvin S., 12. Sabra V., 13. Bellone B., 14.
Fortis, 15. Dudley Allen, 16. Francis F., 17. Francelia F. IMarvin, b.
Dec. 20, 1807. + Pernelia, b. Nov. 2, i8og; m. Frank Creesy. She d.
Jan., 1874. West Andover, O. Ch'n : i. Charlotte, 2. Salina, 3. Abbie,
4. Susan, 5. TryABIJAH LOOMIS, b. Conn.. Sept. 15. Nov. 30, 1779,
d. May 11, 1869. He d. 9 ch'n, b. N. Y. Warren, b. May 2, 1799. +
Rachel, b. July 4, 1801 ; m. Horace Durfee, d. i860. She d. Sept. 18.
1858. Newark, N. Y. Tryphena. b. Sept. 25, 1803 : m. June 14, T820.
Stephen N. Stoddard. d. Feb. 12, 1865, ae. 67. Fountain Prairie, Wis.
She d. Aug. 11, 1823. Union, N. Y. ' Ch'n: i. Levi, 2. DANIEL LOOMIS,
b. Conn., 1776; m. d. Feb. II, 1846. E. Troy, Pa. 9 ch'n. Marylla, b.
Feb. 19, 1801 ; m. Phineas C. Williams. She d. 1860. East Troy, Pa.
5148. Alvin, b. Apr i. 1803. -f Ely, b. Aug. 3, 1804. -f Orin, b. June,
1807, unm., d. ae. 27 5i49years. Lucy, b. Mch. 3, 1809; m. Apr. 12,
S150. 1837, George Fritcher. Owego, N. THOMAS LOOMIS. b. Feb.
28. 1790; d. Aug. 30, 1832. Maine, N. Y. it ch'n Calferna, b. Apr. 11,
1817; m. Cornelius Simmons. She d. Dec. 4, 5157 1840. Richford, N.
Y, Mary, b. July 27, 1818; ni. Moses 5158, Simmons. She d. Mch. 30,
1850. Christina, b. Nov. 18, 1819; m. Si59 Alexis Moulton. She d.
Aug. 25, 1848. Union, N. Y. ' S160, Abigail, b. Feb. 10, 1821, d. Sept.

20, 1842, unm. Maine, N. Y. Catherine, b. Aug, 8, 1822; m. 5161
Augustin Newell, b. July 3, 1819, d. 5162 Sept. 16, 1871, son of
Oliver and Freelove (Newell) Williams. No phena, 6. Truman, 7.
Lyman. 5127. Miranda, b. Tryingham, Mass., IMay 19, 181 1. +
5128. Rex, b. Apr. 4, 1814, d. May 10, 18355129. Mary, b. Feb. 20,
1816, d. June 8, 1849. Unm. 5130. Abigail, b. Dec. 25, 1817; m.
Henry Spellman, who d. 1866. Andover, O. Ch'd : I. Castaria. 5131.
James W., b. July i, 1819. + 5132. JosiAH. b. Mch. 20, 1821, d. May
11, 1881. W. Williamsfield, O. Unm. 5133. Esther, b. Dec. x, 1822;
m. Nelson Leonard. She d. Feb., 1857. W. Williamsfield. O. Ch'n : i.
Giles, 2. Homer, 3. Ella. 1774; m. Mch. S, 1795, Margaret Rowe, b.
Aug. 12, 1842. Maine, Broome Co., N. Y. Leonard. 5137. Mary, b.
Nov. 3, 1805, unm., d. 1865. Maine, N. Y. 5138. JosiAH, b. Dec. 27,
1807. -f5139. Alfred, b. Oct. 7, 1810. -f 5140. Daniel, b. June i,
1812.45141. Annis, b. Feb. 11, 1817, d. May 2, 1819. 5142. Anson,
b. June 20, 1819.41799, Mary Goddard, d. Apr. 15, 1836. '^rle Y.
Ch'd: I. Ella Gertrude. See Dwight Gen. for data. Harriet, b. May 25,
1811 ; m. Edwin Goff, She d. 1852. Elk Co., Pa. Caroline, b. 1813 ;
m. Leonard Upham. Troy, Pa. Ezra, b. Nov. 17, 1815. -f S151. Luther,
b. July, 1818. -fm. Mch. IS, 1816, Vienna HoUenbeck. He b. N. Y.
ch'n. She d. Feb. 28, 1870. Mich. Grove, b. Feb. 23, 1825, d. Mch.
16, 1825. William, b. May 21, 1826, d. June 15. 1847. Sarah, b.
Sept. 3, 1827, d. Sept. 21, 1828. Margaret, b. June 1.=;, 1829; m.
Levi S. Gates. She d. Jan. 30, 1869. Vestal, N. Y. Alfred, b. June 15,
1831. + Ruth, b. Dec. 7, 1832; m. Lee C. Gates. Binghamton, N. Y.

Uoomta (S?npal05tl 302 2298. 5163. 51642301. 5166.
5167S168. 2304. 517451755176. 51775 '78. 5179S180. 2307. 5186.
5187. ANDRliW LOOM IS, 1., 1793; ni. May 18, 1820, Laura S.
Ingcrsoll, d. Mch. 8, 1871. lie (1. Apr. 20, 1875. Berlin. Midi. Minerva
M., b. Sept. 20, 1821 ; m. Mch. 8, 1840, Justus W. Tenny.
ORL.^NDO, b. Feb. 21, 1823, d. Sept. n, 1832. JOSEPH LOOMIS, b.
May, 1784: m. Nov. 6, 185 1, ae. 62. He d. Apr. i, 1827. Egremont, M
3 ch'n. 5165. Lavrissa a., b. Mch. 25, 1825; m. May 20, 1850, Jason
Carpenter. Oceana Co., Mich. JosiAH, b. Nov. I, 1807, d. Jan. 5,
1824. Vienna, b. Nov. 14, 1809; m. May 10, 1826, Joshua C, b. Dec.
21, t8oi, d. Sept. IS, 1886, son of Joshua and Polly ( ) Millard. She d.
Sept. 29, 1842. No ch'n. DiANTHA, b. Aug. 21, 1812; m. Jan. 2,
1833, Herrick, d. Nov. 25, i86g. ae. 69 yrs., 3 mos., son of Seth and
Sabra ( ) Newman. Egremont. Mass. Ch'n : i. Henrietta J., 2. Frances
S., 3. Vienna E., 4. Estella L. 51695170. 51715172. 5173180S,
Henrietta Doanc, d. Apr. 10, ass., where b. his 8 ch'n. OziAS, b. Aug.
30, 1814, d. Jan. 14, 1815. Ezra D., b. July 14, t8i6. + JanEj b. Sept.
II, 1818; m. June 25, 1840, James H.. b. Oct. 12, 1817, d. Feb. 12,
1901, son of Juda and Civia (Hatch) Rowley. Egremont. Ch'n: I.
Vienna L., 2. Vienna L., 3. Henry C., 4. Leiia Jane. William P., b. July
17, 1820, d. Jan. 15, 1822. Henry J., b. July 14, 1822, d. June 25,.
1842. 5181. EDWARD LOOAHS, b. Egremont, Mass., Feb. 1799,
JNLiry. d. Smithville, N. Y.. June 10, 1858 He served in the War of
1812, and d. Oxford, nango Co., N. Y. Vinson, b. Oct. 4, 1799. +
Jane, b. May 2, 1801 ; m. Thurston Wilcox. She d. July 7, 1861.
Eleanor, b. Smithville. Feb. 15. T803; m. 1820. Joseph, b. Conn.,
Oct. 21, 1799, son of John ;in

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23175212. 521352142318. 5218. 52195220. 5221. 23195227. 2321.
1846, Nathan Smith, b. Greene. N. Y., July 14, 1823. She d. Greene,
May I, 1891. Ch'n: i. Sarah M.. 2. William A., 3. Libbie A. Sarah .Ann.
b. May 21, 1824, d. July IS, 1826. Wheaton, b. Apr. ir, 1817. +
Daniel T., b. Sept. 5. 1819. + Charlotte T., b. Apr. 15, 1822; m. Dec.
30. 1846, William Williamson. Greene, N. Y. 5I95Mary (Polly) Ann, b.
May 21, 1824; m. Oxford, N. Y., Dec. 30, CAPT. JOHN R. Loomis, b.
X. Y.. Doc. 17, 1789; m. Mary Belcher. He was a capt. in the War of
1812, and cnsisjn, i6sth Rest. Inf., Columbia Co., N. Y., Mch. 27,
1819. He d. Oct. 31, 1868. Gallatin, N. Y. 6 ch'n, b. N. Y. Henry, b.
Mch. 2, 1816; m. Mch., N. Y. T870, Catherine Shocks. No ch'n. 5200.
Eli, b. Jan. 26, 1825. + Gallatin, N. Y. 5201. Jane. b. Jan. 26, 1825;
m. John Reuben, b. Dec. 3, 1817. + Pulver, who d. l868. Ancratn,
John, b. Nov. 29, 1820. + N. Y. Ann, b. Sept., 1822, unm. Gallatin,
EBENEZER LOOMIS, b. N. Y., Apr. r, 1793; m. Aug. 24, 1817.
Christina Decker. Gallatin, N. Y. 6 ch'n, b. N. Y. Ambrose, b. Jan. 26,
1818. + .Abraham Kilmorc. Ancrani, N. Y. Eleanor A., b. Apr. 18,
1822, unm., 5206. Jane, b. Jan. i, 1832, unm. nd. ae. 24 years.
cram. William, b. July 9, 1823. + S207. Juliette, b. Feb. 25, 1836 ;
m. John Catherine, b. May 6, 1828; m. Decker. Ancram. DAVID
LOOMIS, b. N. Y., Jan. i, 1795; ni. Apr. 3, 1820, Hannah Norwood. In
1839, he removed to Jasper, O., where his widow resided in 1871.
He d. May 4, 1858. 4 ch'n. Reuben, b. Dec. 31, 1825. -(- 5210.
Ebenezer, b. . John R., b. . 5211. Thomas, b. . RI'UBEN LOOMIS, b.
N. Y., Mch. 11, 1799; m. ist, Feb. 16, 1826, Helen Miller, d. May 25,
1838; m. 2nd, May 15, 1839, Elizabeth Hoag, d. Apr. 15, 1856; m.
3rd, AuR. 19, i860, Ilannah Belcher, d. Oct. 27, 1862; m. 4th, Apr. 2,
1863, Maria Copcland. Port Gibson, N. Y. 6 ch'n, b. N. Y. Lyman Levi,
b. Mch. i, 1827; m. Harriet Moore. No ch'n. Vassar. Mich. Leeman
Levi, b. Mch. i, 1829, d. Apr. I, 1829. Nicholas Miller, b. Jan. 27,
1834, d. Nov. 17, 1837. THOMAS R. LOOMIS. b. N. Y., Dec. 3, 1807;
m. Catherine Hartley, who d. M.iy, 1867. Ancrani, N. Y. 9 ch'n, b. N.
Y. 5215. Marvin DeWitt, b. Mch. 19. 1836. + 5216. Nicholas, b. Mch.

30, 1838, d. Jan. 29, 1864, in U. S. army. 5217. Ellen P., b. July 21,
1842; m. Charles Phelps. Macedon, N. Y. 5222. Reuben, b. Oct. 12,
1842, unm. Taghkanic, N. Y. 5223. Simeon, b. Mch. 5, 1844. unm.
5224. Thomas, b. May 12, 1846. ^225. Mary Ann, b. 1852, d. 1856.
5226. David, b. 1858, d. 1861. 5230 5231. John Norman, b. Mch.
26, 1834. + Levi. b. Mch. 30. 1836; m.. Nov., 1859, Hannah M.
Coon. .Ancram. Hannah M.. b. Mch. 6, 1838; m. Edward H. Sheldon.
Iowa. Lyman, b. July 30, 1840; m. Marietta Bruze. Ancram. THOMAS
T. LOOMIS, b. Ancram. N. Y., 177s; m. 1799, Clara Williams, d. 1846.
He d. June, 1831. Gallatin, K. Y. 3 ch'n, b. N. Y. Catherine, b. Apr. 10,
1807, unm., 5228. Eli. b. .Aug. 17, 1814. + d. Dec. 30, 1830.
Gallatin. 5229 Levi, b .ug 17, 1814. + JOHN LOOMIS, b. Ancram. N.
Y.. Mch. S, 1781 ; m. Rhinebeck, N. Y., Mch. 10. 1807, .Anna, a
desc't of Capt. Edward Winship, of 1634. b, Rhinehcck, Mch. 11,
1790, d. .Avon, N. Y., .Aug. 15, 1871, dnu. of Nehemiah and
Catharine (WestfalO Winship. Farmer. Dcm. tlniv. He d. Avon, May
21, 1841. 13 ch'n — all b. Rhinebeck, N. Y. Lucretia, b. Mch. 4, 1808,
d. same 1809; m. Rhinebeck, Jan. 28, 1829, day. James Christopher,
d. Mch., 1870. Charlotte, b. Rhinebeck, Aug. 23, son of John and
Mary Ann (Bo

IConmta (ilpttpalogy 304 5232523?523+ 52355236.
52372'I22. 5243524452455246. 2324. 52-195250. 5251. 2326.
5253525452555256. 2329. 5260. 5261. 5262. 5263. 5264. 5265.
gardus) Huestis. Farmer. Dcm't. Bapt. He d. Avon, N. Y. Ch'n : 1.
Martha Ann, 2. Emily Augusta, 3. Maria Lucretia, 4. John Looniis. 5.
Martha Jane, 6. Amanda Malvina, 7. Charlotte Anna, 8. James
Franklin. ]IoRTiMER, b. Jan. 10, 1812. A sol- 5238. dier in Mexican
War. He d. unm., Mch. 19. 1855. 5239. Chauncey, b. Aug. II, 1814.
+ Lucretia. b. Feb. 21, 1817, d. July S240. 2, 1836 (1835)-
5241Emily, b. Apr. 4, 1819, d. Dec. 27, 1827 (1826). Catherine
Westfall, b. IIch. 13. 5242. 1821 ; m. Mch. 14, 1854, Hon. Elias
Hicks, b. Mendon, N. Y., Sept. 6, 1829, d. Ionia, Mich., Mch., 1899,
son of Martin and Olive (Southwick') Davis. Editor. Metnb. N. Y. Leg.
Epis. Ch'd : I. Frank Perkins. Jane Eliza, b. Mch. 18, 1823 ; m. Avon,
N. Y., Dec. 28 (30), 1841. Samuel .Ashley Sibley, b. West ISAAC
LOOMIS, b. Ancram. N. Y., 1788; m. Oct., 1859. Gallatin, N. Y.,
where b. his 6 ch'n. John H., b. June s, 1812. + 5247. Jane, b. June
29, 1814 ; m. May 18, 1835, Henry Call, who d. :Mch. 23, 1853.
Salisburj-, Conn. Henry, b. Feb. 12, 1818. + Joshua W., b. Nov. 19,
1821, unm. 5248. Amesville, Conn. TIMOTHY LOOJiIIS, b. Ancram,
N. Y., 1791 ; m. Elizabeth Knickerbacker. He d 1828. Gallatin, N. Y.,
where b. his 4 ch'n. Pamela, b. Sept., 1810: m. William 5 ^loreau.
Batavia, . Y. Edmund, b. Dec. 8, 181 1. + Freeman, b. 1815. -
jTHOMAS LOOMIS, b. X. Y., 1775; m. Marv Peaster. lie d. 1853.
Farmington, 111. 7 ch'n. tcr. Genesee, 111. 5257. Eliza, b. — — ; m.
Abel Butler. Farmington. 5258. Norton, b. 181 1. + 5259. Frederick,
b. 1819, d. Aug. 9, 1852. No family. Rush, N. Y., Nov. 28, 1815. d.
Grand Blanc, Mich., Apr. 10, 1879 He was a son of Elisha Sibley.
Farmer. Dem't. Disciple. Ch'n : I. Mortimer Looniis, 2. Ada, 3. Jessie,
4. Eugene B., 5. Samuel Ashley. Jesse Howell, b. Mch. 6, 1825, d.
Mch. 19, 1825. Malvina, b. Aug. 8, 1826, d. Aug. 8, 1838. James
Winship, b. Oct. 22, 1828.-!Jessie Howell, b. Sept. 28, i8,u. She d.
Feb. 9, 1865, unm. Lunkville, Pa. Theresa Ermina, b. Avon, Dec. 19,
1833 ; m. Avon, Mch. 30, 1859, Ebenezer Pinckney, b. Rush, N. Y.,
Feb. 5, 1830, d. Ionia, Mich.. Nov. 8, 1898, son of Levi Woodbury

and Laura .Asenath (Hoyt) Kelsey, a descendant of Sir Hugo de
Kelso, who made the first written transfer of land in Scotland.
Farmer. Presb'n. Ch'n: i. Lillian, 2. Ada Loomis, 3. Levi William. Eva
Shook, d. Oct. 21, 1837. He d. Maria, b. .'ug. 15, 1823; m. June 9,
1850, Ecbert Nott. He d. June 14, 1863, Port Hudson, La., in U. S.
army. She resided Amesville. Conn. Thomas J., b. Feb. 12, 1826. +
Catherine, b. 1817; m. ist, Albert Stoddard; m. 2nd, Lewis Parish.
She d. 1854. Sharon, Conn. Catherine, b. Nov. 26, 1799; m. Neal
Brown. She d. Feb. 19, 1873. Farmington. Barnv, b. . -jJoHN, b. Oct.
5, 1803. -f Sarah, b. ; in. Thomas PiesADAM LOOMIS, b. N. Y., Oct.
14, 1781 ae. 68. He d. Dec. 12, 1876. Vernon, N. Hannah, b. 1804,
d. 1805. Sarah, b. Jan. 4, 1806; m. Barney Lane, d. Aug. 11, 1855,
ac. 49. She d. June 28. 1859. Leno.x, N. Y. Hannah, b. Aug. 5, 1807:
111. Jacob Phillips, d. Mch. 25, 1856. She d. Mch. 21, 1853. Verona.
N. Y. DoRiTHY. b. June, 1809; m. Amos June. She d. Julv 20. 1856.
Verona, N. Y. Mary. b. 181.^. d. 1831. John A., b. May 15, 1815; m.
Oct. ; 111. 1802. Hannah Coon, d. Apr. 17, 1831. Y. 10 ch'n, b. N. Y.
II. 1844. Phoebe A. Rowan, who d. Oct. 8. i860, ae. 44. No children.
Oneida. N. Y. Levi W., b. Feb. 18, 1817; ni. Helen . No children.
North Brownville. Kent Co., Mich. He d. Nov. 17, 1873Lavinia, b.
1819. d. 1830. Louisa, b. 1821, d. 1834. Fanny, b. Dec. 15. 1829; m.
Thomas Dvgert. She d. Sept. 16, 1856. Oneida, N. Y. ;266. .S267.
5268. .S269.

305 ^fu?ntl| (llpttfrattnn 23325270. 52715272.
2335527452755276. S277. 5278. 2344S283. 5284. 5285. 23455288.
5289. 5290. 5291. 5292. 529323495300. 5301. 5302. 5303. JOHN
LOOMIS, b. N. Y., Aug. 17, 1789; m. ist, Catherine Ploss, d, Apr. 6,
1814; m. 2nd, Oct. 13, 1814, Elizabeth McDaniel. He d. Apr. 21,
1873. Verona N Y 4 ch'n, b. N. Y. William, b. Nov. 24, 1813. +
Catherine, b. Nov. 21, 1815 ; m. June, 1837, Martin Cooper. Verona,
N. Y. Eli E., b. Aug. i, 1818; m. ist, Mch. ir, 1843, Sarah Abell, d. July,
1854. No ch'n ; m.. 2nd, July 2, 1856, Eliza J. Brown. Farmington,
111. 5273. John J., b. May 6, 1826. + HARRISON E. LOOMIS, b.
Taghkanic, Mary Ann, b. Four Corners, O., 1820, d Betsey (Rinia)
Dagget. He res. in 111., 1858. At the age of 21 he walked from Bapt.
9 ch'n. Mary Ann, b. Freeport, 111., 1838; m. 1854, Hugh Mcintosh.
Marysville. Mo. Ch'd: i. Mary Vivie. See Deming Gen., p. 477. Charles
F., b. Freeport, 111., Feb. 27, 1840. + Orlin H., b. Freeport, 111.,
1842, d. . Unm. LoREN A., b. Argyle, Wis., 1844; ni. 1865, Annie
Presnel. Res. Anadarko, Okla. Cont. and builder. George W., b.
Argyle, Wis., 1846; , N. Y., abt. 1812; m. Freeport, 111., 1836, 1.
Cornado, Kan., 1888, dau. of Orlin and Wis., and Kan., and d. at
Emporia, Kan., N. Y. State to Chicago. Farmer. Rep. m. 1874, Rella
Hamond. Res. Hobart, Okla. Farmer. 5279. Ezra J., b. Argyle, Wis.,
1848; m. 1888, Katie Lewis. Res. Byron, Okla. Farmer. 5280. David
T., b. Argyle, Wis., 1850, d. 5281. Deighton E., b. Argyle, Wis., 1854;
m. 1880, Annie Tilly. Res. Marlow, I. Ter. Farmer. 5282. Isadora, b.
Emporia, Kan., 1858, d. WILLIAM WALLACE LOOMIS, b. Maumee, O.,
1830; m. Argyle, Wis., Feb., 1852, Lucetta, b. Chautauqua Co., N. Y.,
Sept. 3, , d. Emporia, Kan., Apr. 30, , dau. of Benjamin and Lucy
(Pettie) Deuel. Farmer. Rep. Meth. He was in the Civil War, and d,
and is buried at Fort Scott, Kan. He d. 1863. Resided Wis. and
Emporia, Kan. 5 ch'n. William Hartman, b. Argyle, Apr. 17, 1853. d.
Apr., 1869. Wallace Eugene, b. .Argyle, Oct. 5, 1855.+ LucY Anna, b.
Lyon Co., Kan., Feb. 6, 1857; m. June 7, 1884, John Maloney.
Clarinda, la. 5286. Ephraim Wiltsey, b. Lyon Co., Kan., Feb. 7, i860,
d. Oct. 6, 1884, 5287. Mary Louise, b. Browntown, Wis., Mch. 3,
1863; m. Feb.. 1883, Albert Proehl. Fall River, Kan. BENJAMIN

CORNAL LOOMIS, b. Maumee City, O., July 10, 1832; m. Monroe,
Wis., Dec. 4, 1854, Esther Vanhorn, b. Hillsdale, Mich., May 14,
1838. Farmer. Rep. Univ. Nemaha, la. 12 ch'n — first 8 b. Monroe,
Wis. LuciNDA, b. Sept. II, 1855; m. Oct. 29, 1870, Sylvester Ellis.
Harris Ephraim, b. Sept. 3, 1856, d. Dec. 12, 1906. George, b. Jan.
14, 1858, d. Feb. 14, 1858. Mary Louisa, b. Aug. 30, i860; m. Dec.
20, 1883, James C. Brown. Newell, la. Sarah Esther, b. Aug. 25,
1862; m. July ig, 1886, Frank M. Trickle. Nemaha, la. Chas.
Ellsworth, b. Aug. 20, 1865. Nemaha, la. 5294. Julia A., b. Aug. 31,
1867, d. Aug. 30, 1868. 5295. Delila Jane, b. Apr. 20, 1870; ni. Nov.,
1893, Van W. Cresap. Montgomery, la. 5296. Wm. Cornal, b.
Boscobel, Wis., July 31, 1872, d. May 21, 1891. 5297. Nellie May, b.
Newell, la., Apr. 26, 1875 ; m. John Jackson. Storm Lake, la. 5298.
Nina Alice, b. Newell, la., Aug. 29, 1877, d. Oct. 12, 1887. 5299.
John Lester, b. Newell, la., Apr. 26, 1883. Nemaha, la. ROBERT
LOOMIS, b. Mass., Apr. 11 (10), 1799; m. ist, Aug. 20, 1816, Ruth
Davis, b. 1798, d. May 14, 1871 ; m. 2nd, Dec. 31, 1881, Mrs.
Charlotte Octavia (Pardee) Housman. Served in War of 1812, a
pensioner. He d. Nov. 2, 1891, at his home, Liverpool, Medina Co., O.
13 ch'n. RoziLLA. b. Ausj. 2^, 1818; m. Julv 3, 1844 (1845), Pbilo
French. Ch'd: I. Lorenzo. Levi. b. .Apr. 24, 1820. + Melvin, b. Mch. i,
1822.4Truman, b. Dec. 4, 1824.-}5304. Freeman, b. Apr. 27, 1826, d.
Mch. 16, 1851. Liverpool. 5305. Orvilla O., b. Apr. 11, 1829; m. May
7 (9), 1850. Sidney Downey. She d. Aug. 9, 1872. Berea, O. 5306.
Phoebe Jeannette, b. Liverpool,

iCoDmtH d^pupalngii 306 53095310. 53 'I531231, 1862, in
U. S. Army. Killed at Stone River. Ann Eliza, h. Aug. 12, 1837; m.
Jasper Allison Jones, who d. Nov., 1863, in U. S. Army. She d. Apr. 2,
1869, at Ovid, Mich., and buried at Grafton, O. A child, b. . A child,
b. . By 2nd ni. — Robert, b. . June 5, 1832; m. Liverpool, Oct. 27,
1858. Humphrey Tompkins, b. Columbia, O., Oct. 3, 1835, d. Berca,
O., Apr. 18, 1879, son of William and Mary (Tompkins) Arnold. She d.
at Berea, O., her home, Nov. 24, 1886. Ch'n: i. Adah Jeannette, 2.
Lila Lucile. 5307. Ruth, b. July 3, 1834, d. Aug. 10. 1836. 5308.
David N., b. Oct. 3, 1835, d. Dec. 2350. LEVI LOOMIS, b. Nov. 6,
1801 ( 8o2) Dec, 1805, d. Scotch Ridge, O., .pr. 2. Steadman. She
m. 2nd. Geo. Kello.gg. Co., O., 1833. Earmcr. He d. June 26, 5313.
George W., b. Mch. 12, 1823. + 5314. Betsey, b, July, 1824; m. I'li
Colvin. Caledonia, Mich. 5315. Dudley, b. Feb., 1826. + 5316. LoREN
Levi, b. July 26, 1829. + 5317. Malinda, b. Apr., 1830; m. Samuel
Muir. Webster, O. 2360. JOB LOOMIS, b. Windsor, Conn., Mch 29,
1771 ; m. Mary Allen, d. Nov. 18. 1859, ac. 85. He d. .Auj.'. 10,
1842. Windsor, where b. his 7 ch'n. 5,^21. Simeon, b. 1798, d. ae. 7
years. 5325. HArris, b. 1810, unm., d. Dec. 2. ^322. James, b. Jan.
14, 1800. +' 1843. =,1^23. WiLLARD, b. Jan. 12, 1805. + 5326.
Lester, b. Oct. 16, 1814. + 5324. Simeon, b. May 30, 1807. + 5327-
Henry, b. 1817. + 2362. WILLIAM LOOMIS, b. Windsor, Conn., Feb.
14, 1774; m. Chloe Moore, d. June 5, i860, ac. 88. He d. Mch. 5,
1821. Windsor, where b. his 2 ch'n. 5328. Fanny, bapt. May 20,
1798; m. She d. Mch. 17. 1862. .Apr. 3. 1815, Fitch, b. Aug. 21,
1791, 5329. Sarah M.. bapt. Apr. 20, 1800, (1. i860, son of Ebcnezer
Fitch and unm., d. Oct. 10, 1867. Livia Drucilla (Phelps) Bissell. 2363.
ELIHU LOOMIS. b. Windsor, Conn., Feb. 19, 1776; m. May 6, 1813.
Harriet, b. Feb. 21, 1784, d. Apr. 8. 1876, dau. of Capt. .Vustin and
Dcbor.ili (Moore) Phelps. He d. Apr. 16, 185.S. Windsor, where b. his
6 ch'n. ; m. Pruda Parker, b. 1875, ae. 71, dau. of Levi removed from
1836, at Scotch Ridge, 5318. Almira, b. She d. 1865. Maritta, b. as
Jefferson William, b. 17, 1836. 53193320. Mass. (Berkshire Co.), and
(Parker) Medina Co. to Wood Wood Co., O. 8 ch'n. 1831; m. John
Forrest. Mav 7. 1831 ; m. ThomSti'llwell. Webster, O. Jan. 27, 1835,

d. Feb. Dec. 18, 1843, Timothy Sanuicl, son of Dt-ac. Roger and
Rhoda (B.irber) Phelps. She d. Oct. 13, l8!;2. Windsor. Cli'n : 1.
Timothy D., 2. Anna Elizabeth. 3. .Mhert Loomis. Guy Moore, b. Aug.
28, 1827 ; m. Oct. 19, 1865, Emily Farron. No children. Brooklyn, N.
Y. 5330. Warren P., b. Nov. 14. 1815. + 5331. Rhoda. b. July 4. '816;
m. Apr. 15, 1849, Orson Wilson. She d. Jan. 15., 1899. Windsor.
5332. Austin, b. May 31, 181S, unm. Windsor, where he d May 17,
1893. 5335. 5333- Eunice, b. Dec. 7. 1819, d. Oct. 2, 1847, unm.
Windsor. 5334. Elizabeth, b. Aug. 30, 1823; m. 2368. ALVIN
LOOMIS, b. Conn., Mch. 20, 1787; m. 1815, Florilla Burr, d. Nov. 10,
1875. He d. Sept. 2, 1852. Lodi (Harrisville), O. 4 ch'n. 5336.
Chauncey, b. Jan. 15, 1816. + risville, O. S337- Almira, b. Sept. 15.
1818; m. .Apr. 5338. Ashley, b. July, 1820. d. Aug., 1822. II. 1839,
Amasa Persons. Medina 5339. Hiram, b. Oct. 27, 1822. + Co., O.,
who d. Aug. 24, 1862. Har2369. ANSON LOOMIS, b. Torrington,
Conn., Oct. 6, 1790; m. Highly Hitchcock. The following quotation is
a reminder of our liberties. Hst. of Torrington — "In 1819 he (Anson)
was a 'dissenter' from the Torrington cliurch. .At first every man
owning taxable property had to pay a cluirch tax. Conn, was the first
to change this law when Eng. no longer governed the Colonics, and
a man could support any denomination he pleased, by presenting a
certificate. In 1818, the law was again changed so that a man need
support no denomination. .Anson Loomis withdrew from the support
of the church in 1810 and soon after joined the Seneca Lodge of
Masons." He d. Aug., 1866. Harrisville, now calkd Lodi, Medina Co.,
O. 7 ch'n.

3°; Srn^ntli O^^tt^rattott 5340. 53415343.
534353442372. 53475348. 2377S3SI5352. 5353535453555356.
2380. 5362. 5363536453652383. RuFUS, b. Mch. 28, 1816. + Jane,
b. July 4, 1818; m. Horatio Case. Ashtabula Co., O. Charles H., b.
June 9, 1820. + Chester C, b. Sept. 22, 1822. + Mariette, b. Nov.
24, 1825 ; m. George Staniff. She d. 1864. dolph, Portage Co., O.
5345- Caroline, b. Nov. 22, 1827, d. 5346. Nelson, b. Jan. 28, 1831 ;
m. Michigan. Ran183 1. ASHER LOOMIS, b. Conn., Feb. 22. 1796; m.
Nov. 7, 1816, Hannah Curtis, d Feb. 17, T832. He d. Mch. 2, 1874, at
Lodi, O., where b. his 4 ch'n. Edmund Curtiss, b. Apr. 5, 1818.+
naan, Wayne Co., Ohio. Maky Ann, b. Feb. 25, 1823; m. 5349.
Worthy W., b. Jan. 2, 1831. + Dec. 8, 1839, Medina Co., O., Ho-
5350. Herschel Montgomery, b. Jan. 26, ratio Burnham. She d. 1863.
Ca- 1835. + ASA LOOMIS, b. Torrington, Conn., Mch. 3, 1786; m.
Nov. 6, 1806, Sarah, b. Aug. 4, 1789, d. Mch. 22, 1872, dau. of
Reuben and Mehitable (Stanley) Burr, and granddau. of John and
Tabitha (Loomis) Burr. Farmer and stone mason. Rep. Presb. and
Cong. He d. Charlestown, O., Dec. 27, 1858. 11 ch'n, first 7 b.
Torrington and rest at Charlestown. Eliza Ann, b. June 7, 1807; m.
Sept. 17, 1827, Andrew Haymaker, who d. 1887. She d. Sept. 4,
1876. Charlestown, O. Ch'n: i. Emerson, 2. Emerett L., 3. Mary E., 4.
Sarah L., 5. Amelia L., 6. Edward Lewis, 7. Lyman. Lewis, b. May 11,
1809. + Beulah, b. July 27, 181 1, d. July 10, 1864. Unm. Martha B.,
b. Sept. 19, 1814; m. 1st, Orrin Stanford; m. 2nd, Jesse Shepherd.
She d. Feb. 29, 1904. Charlestown, O. Mary M., b. Mch. 22. 1817; m.
Nov. 11, 1840, Robinson Hinman, who d. Feb., 1902. She d. July 13,
1902. Edinburg, O. Ch'n : i. Eva, 2. Alia. Harriet, b. June 7, 1819; m.
May 30, 1843, Flenry Y. Woodruff, who d. Nov. 13, 1895. She d. Jan.
20, 1869. Ch'n: I. Evalina, 2. Olna. 5357. Abigail B., b. Apr. 15, 1822;
m June 20, 1844, Delazon Bostwick. who d. Apr. 15, 1875. Edinburg,
O. Ch'n: I. Aurelia, 2. Amelia H.. 3. Elmer, 4. Burton, 5. Lila A., 6.
Homer. 5358. Cornelius, b. May 19, 1825. -f5359. Uriah B., b. Mch.
18, 1828. -f 5360. MiLO, b. Nov. 27, 183 1, d. Aug. ^, 1832. 5361.
Addison H., b. June 4, 1835. -f NoTE. — This family has held 4
golden weddings, viz : Asa and wife, Lewis and wife, Mary and

husband, and Cornelius and wife. And had Eliza lived two weeks
longer they would have held the fifth. Can any other Loomis family
beat this record? AUSTIN LOOMIS, b. Conn., Sept. 14. 1794; m.
Feb., 1819, Elizabeth Hough, b. Mass., Apr. 30, 1802. He d. Apr. 11,
1857, Atwater, O., and she m. 2nd, Sept. 18, 1861, Taylor Knowlton,
and removed to Coldwater, Mich., where she was living, 1876. His 5
ch'n are: Homer A., b. Sept. 29, 1823. -|Harvey, b. Sept. 27, 1824. -
Elvira, b. Jan. 18, 1827; m. 1846, Dr. Clebrom Palmiter. Ligonier,
Ind. Almira H., b. Sept. 3, 1829; m. Nov. 18, 1851, George Frederick,
b. 5366. Apr. 10, 1822, d. Sept. 4, 1878, son of John Lines and
Almira (Stevens) Clark. He was a col. in Civil War. Mch't. Rep.
Episc'n. Louisville, Ky. Samuel J. Mills, b. July 3, 1836. + REV.
HARVEY LOOMIS, b. Torringford, Conn., Feb. 28, 1785; m. 181 1,
"Nancy" (Ann) S. Buckingham, b. Feb. 20, 1783, d. July 27, 1861,
dau. of William and Sarah (Buckingham) Battell. Grad. Williams Coll.,
1809. He was one of the Five Original Haystack men who brouglit to
fruition the first Foreign Missionary Society in America. A prayer
meeting (an outgrowth of a revival of religion) was held every
Saturday afternoon in a maple grove near Williams College. One
Saturday in August, 1S06, a hot and sultry day, there were only five
present, all under-classmen. The Five Immortals who met that day
as usual at the maple grove were Francis L. Robbins, Harvey Loomis,
Byrani Green, James Richards, and the originator of the idea,
Samuel J. Mills, room-mate of Harvey Loomis. A thunderstorm drove
them from the grove, and they retreated to the north of two
haystacks and there continued the meeting, and it was at this time
and place that Mills first proposed that they carry the gospel to the
Heathen of Asia. In 1867 was dedicated the Haystack monument. It
stands where they met, and bears the inscription, "The Birth Place

IGoomtH (^rupalpgg 308 of American Foreign Missions,"
and beneath this inscription are the names of these five immortals.
(For a fuller account see p. 497, of The Congregationalist and
Christian World, 7 April, 1906). He served as minister of the First
Cong. Ch. and Society in Bangor, Mc., for thirteen years. He left his
home on Sunday morning, Jan. 2, 1825, went to his church,
stamped the snow from his feet, brushed the snow from his
shoulders, entered his pulpit, and died just as service time came. He
was an earnest, sincere and simple man, ever ready to do the simple
duty at hand, and by his kindly advice and honest life Bangor was
made better. A full account of his ministry and life there is found in
the Historical Address, by Rev. Charles H. Cutler, D. D., delivered at
Bangor, at the unveiling of an enduring bronze tablet, Oct. 29, 1905,
in memory of the Rev. Harvey Looniis. Bangor, Me. Cong, clergyman.
She afterwards removed to Torrington, Conn. Sec Buckingham Gen.,
p. 23. Also see Allen's Biog. Diet. 6 ch'n. 5367. Charles Battell, b.
Nov. 12, Mch. 6, 1820. 1812. + 5371- Joseph William, b. Aug. I,
1819, d. 5368. Harvey, h. Jan. 19. 1815. + Mch. 25, 1820. 5369-
Joseph William, b. July 25, 1816, 5372. Henry Martyn, b. May 21,
1823, d. d. Feb. I, igi8. Apr. 8, 1824. 5370. Ann Charlotte, b. Jan. 18,
1818, d. 2384. RALZEMON LOOM IS. b. Torrington, Conn., Aug. 24,
1788; m. July 11, 1819, Nancy, b. Jan. IS, 1793, d. Jan. 31, 1877,
dau. of Aaron and Chloe (Gillette) Colt. She is granddaughter of No.
380. He removed to Springfield (Western Reserve), Ohio, making the
journey in 40 days with o.xcn and cart. He d. Feb. 13, 1871. Farmer.
Charlestown, O. 7 ch'n. 5373. Ch.arlotte, b. Apr. 29, 1820; m. 28,
1852, Rev. Warren H. Roberts. Charlestown, O., Sept. 15, 1841. b.
Conn., 1826. Indianapolis, Ind. Nelson, b. Sept. 12, 1814, son of He
grad. Kenyon Coll. 1856. Henry and Chloe (Bunn) Roberts. 53/8.
Chloe A., b. Apr. 5, 183 1 ; m. June He was Rep. to Conn. Leg.,
1846. 6, 1859, (his 2nd wife), Nelson 1847 and 1855 ; State Senator,
1866. Roberts, widower of her sister. Removed to Vineland, N. J.,
1871. Charlotte. Vineland, N. J. She She d. June I, 1858. Ch'n: i.
Har- grad. Granville, Epis. Fern. Sem., vey L., 2. Frank. O. See Tuttle
Gen., p. 182, for 5374. Henry, b. Sept. i, 1821, unni., d. desc'ts. Jan.

21, 1849. 5379- Ellen, b. July 6, 1834; in, Dec. 12, 5375- Frederick,
b. Oct. 11, 1823. -f 1855, Anson S., b. Aug. 8, 1834, son 5376.
Harvey, b. Oct. 22, 1825, d. Mch. of Asa C. and Marietta (Fulton—
23, 1843. desc. of Robert Fulton) Peck. 5377. Irene S., b. Apr. 4,
1829 ; m. Oct. Charleston, O. Ch'd : i. A son. 2398. MOSES LOOMIS,
b. Windsor, Conn., Aug. 13, 1805; m. May 8, 1843. Nancy C. Loomis
(2454), d. Hartford, Conn., Sept. 24, 1886. Windsor, Conn. 2 ch'n, b.
Conn. 5380. Jane, b. Sept. 24, 1838, d. Oct, 29, d. Windsor, Mch. 27,
1906. Hart1857. ford. Conn. Ch'n: i. Annie 5381. Louisa, b. Apr. 27,
1845; m. Mch. Louise, 2. . 23, 1865, Franklin B. Hubbard. She 2401.
WARREN LOOMIS, b. Torrington, Conn., Nov. 9, 1787; m. Esther
SutliflF, of Plymouth, Conn. He d. Apr. 9, 1839, at Torrington, where
b. his 4 ch'n. 5382. RoswELL Clarke, b. Jan. 27, 1818.+ 5, 1838.
5382. Emily A., b. Mch. 24, 1819, d. Apr. 5384. Annis Pamela, b. Nov.
24, 1825; 2, 1838. m. Apr. 7, 1845, Charles F. Hill. 5383. Julia A., b.
June 22, 1821, d. Aug. Bethlehem, Conn. 2403. HORACE ALLYN
LOOMIS, b. Aug. 3. i793; m. Hannah Judson. Removed to Ohio. In
Summit Co. Records, Akron, O., Docket 3, p. 112, (Zase 4230,
appears the administration of an estate of one Horace A. Loomis.
Luther H. Loomis was app'd adm. on Oct. 5, 1877, under bond of
$27,000. This is probably Horace AUyn who "removed to O."
Children (supposed) of Horace AUyn: 5385. Horace J., b. ; m. . On
M. Loomis, I give my farm in Oct. 23, 1892, he made his will, see
Stowe Twp., Summit Co., O." same in Record of Wills, at Akron,
Oregon Corners. O., in which he says : "To my 5386. Luther H., b. .
adopted dau. Libbie Grim, of Ce- 5387. F^oebe M., b. . lina, O., I
give my store-room and 5.388. Florence (?), b. . lot in Celina ; to my
sister Phcebe

309 i>gu0utl| (ggti^rattou 2404. ELISHA LOOMIS, b.
Torrington, Conn., July 27, 1798; m. Apr. 3, 1833, Ophelia, b. May
12, 1806, dau. of Pomeroy and Sarah (Beech) Leach. He d. Feb. 21,
1869, at Torrington, where b. his 4 ch'n. 5389. Sarah Fidelia, b. Apr.
22, 1834. Simonds. She d. Aug. 6, 1863. Wolcottville. 5391. Flora
Amelia, b. Feb. 15, 1843. 5390. Louisa Ophelia, b. Sept. 7, 1837;
5392. Elisha Earle, b. Aug. 2, 1846. m. Aug. 16, 1862, Thomas Fit/.
2406. CALVIN LOOMIS, b. Apr. 19, 1793; m. Adeline Alderman. He d.
June i, 1859. E. Hamilton, N. Y., where b. his 4 ch'n. 5393. Calvin
Albert, b. Oct. 18, 1842, d. 5395. Mary Ambrosia, b. June 15, 1846,
in U. S. army. d. Nov. 25, 1862. 5394. Amos Melvin, b. Mch. 24,
1845, d. 5396. Adeline R., b. Feb., 1850, d. July Dec. 20, 1862. 13,
1851. 2407. ABRAHAM LOOMIS, b. Oct. 9, 1795; m. ist, Lovina
Holmes; m. 2nd, Fanny Palmer, who was alive in 1871. He d. Sept.
18, 1844, at E. Hamilton, N. Y., where b. his 2 ch'n. 5397. Remus C,
b. Nov., 1821. 4- ilton, N. Y. 5398. Major C, b. , unm. East Ham2408.
EARL LOOMIS, b. May 18, 1798; m. ist, Nancy Wickware, d. Oct. 22,
1822, ae, 23; m. 2nd, Eunice Wickware. He was living (1871) E.
Hamilton, N. Y., where b. his 9 ch'n. 5399. Earle, b. Sept. 26, 1822.
+ i, 1856. 5400. Nancy, b. July 6, 1829, d. Sept. i, 5404. Lavinia, b.
Sept. 11, 1840; ni. Hor1840. ace Crane. West Albany, N. Y. 5401.
Harvey Alonzo, b. Apr. 12, 1834. + 5405. Phoebe, b. Feb. 13, 1843;
m. Peleg 5402. Luther C, b. Sept. 6, 1836; m. Dec. A Cranston. East
Hamilton. 9, 1858, Sarah Smith. No children. 5406. Mary. b. Apr. 25,
1845 ; m. Rev. Sherburne, N. Y. He d. Mch. 7, Piatt Huston. Sterling,
N. Y. 1875. 5407. George W., b. Dec. 20, 1846. + 5403- Sylvia, S., b.
Sept. n, 1838, d. May 2411. REMEMBRANCE LOOMIS, b. Rutland,
Vt., June 24, 1780; m. Feb. 9, 1815, Melinda Carey, d. Oct. 19, 1854.
He d. July 17, 1832, Hannibal, N. Y. 8 ch'n, b. Hannibal. 5408. A son,
b. 1815, d. in infancy. 27, 1854, Myron Ormsby. Fairdale, 5409-
Matilda, b. May 17, 1816; m. Eras- N. Y. tus Glover. N. Hannibal, N.
Y. 5414- Phoebe, b. Apr. 15, 1826, d. Nov. S410. Epaphras, b. 1818.
-f 4, 1842. S4II- Olive, b. 1820, d. ae. 3 yrs. 5415. Serviah, b. Nov.
10, 1830; m. Al5412. Lorraine, b. 1822, d. ae. 3 yrs. bert Waltby. He
d. Dec. 12, 1874. 5413. Abigail b. Apr. 19, 1824; m. Sept. N.

Hannibal, N. Y. 241S. NELSON T. LOOMIS, b. Winchester, Ct., Mch.
23, 1799; m. Winchester, Nov. 7, 1827, Abigail, b. Goshen, Ct., July
17, 1799, d. Jan. 15, 1888, dau. of Miles and Anne (Bostwick) Hills.
Mech. and farmer. Whig. Rep'n. Cong't. He d. Winchester, Mch. 25,
1872. 2 ch'n. 5416. Sarah L., b. Cornwall, Ct., Jan. 26, 5417.
Frederick L., b. Goshen, Ct., Aug. 1829; m. Feb. 17, 1875, John J.
Fan- 12, 1834. + ning. 2419. DEAC. EDWARD R. LOOMIS, b.
Winchester, Conn., Aug. 10, i8o5; m. ist, Oct. 7, 1830, Sarah B.
Meacham, of Vt., d. 1845; ni. 2nd, Jan. i, 1851, Martha J. Meacham.
He removed to Naperville, 111., 1840. 5 ch'n. 5418. Sarah Elvira, b.
June 21, 1834, d. 5421. Lucia Abigail, b. Jan. 11, 1841 ; m. Sept. 21,
1841. Daniel Webster Lewis. Lincoln, 5419- LuaNDA J., b. Jan. 22,
1836, d. Apr. Neb. Ch'n: l. Jeane, 2. . 19, 1839. 5422. A son b. June
15, 1845, d. Aug. 28, 5420- David, b. June 17, 1838, d. Sept. 24,
1845. 1841. 2431. BENJAMIN LOOMIS, b. Windsor, Conn., Dec. 8,
1779; m. Feb. 21, 1805, Mary, d. Oct. 4, 1861, dau. of John and
Mary (Webster) Gaylord. He d. Mch. 22, 1847. Bloomfield, Conn. 9
cl.'n, b. Conn. 5423. Mary, b. Nov. 24, 1806; m. Jan. 8, of Caleb
Atwater and Sally (Reed) 1832, George, b. July 14, 1807, son Tuttle.
She d. May 27, 1874. Hart

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IGunmiH (^rnraln^ii 312 5476. 54775478. 54792476.
5483. 5484. 5485. 2478. 54925493549454952479. SS02. 5503.
2484. 55075508. 249355 10. 55I1Georce, I). June 30. 1817. + Sarah
Ann, b. May 23. 1819, d. July 25, 1820. James, b. Apr. 14, 1821, d.
Oct. 2-?. 1821. James Hervey, b. June 4, 1823. + THADDEUS
LOOMIS, b. Conn., N ci. 1827, dau. of Phineas Griswold. I June 14,
1832. 9 ch'n. HuLDAH, b. Sept. 12, 1789, d. May 9, 1846. Little Falls,
N. Y. Lucy, b. Nov. 2, 1790, d. Oct. 8, 1803. Salisbury, N. Y. Matilda,
b. Oct. 20, 1793; ni. Oct. 16, 1816, Rev. Loring Sterns Williams, d.
Sept. 22, 1879. He was a missionary to the Choctaws, 181732. She
d. Mch. 23, 1844. Carlinville, 111. Ch'n: i. Louisa Mehetabel, 2.
James Hervey, 3. Martha Catlin, 4. Martha Matilda, 5. Clarissa Hulda,
6. Matilda Mindwell, 7. Loring Arphaxad, 8. Vm. Loomis, 9. Julia
Arsenoe, 10. Cornelia Maria. 5480. Timothy, b. June 7, 1826, d. Aug.
7. 1871. Attica, N. Y. Unm. 5481. Webster, b. July 18, 1830, d. Sept.
2, 1830. 5482. Mary Sophronia, b. May 19, 1832, d. Apr. 4, 1834. ov.
27, 1766; m. May 26. 1789, Lois Griswold, n 1802 he removed to
Salisbury. N. Y., and d. 5486. Arsinoe, b. June 28, 1796, unm., d.
Apr. 27, 1889. Chesterfield. Macoupin Co., 111. 5487. Arphaxad. b.
Apr. 9, 1798. -f 5488. Horace, b. Mch. 4, 1800. -f5489. Lewis G., b.
Nov. 9, 1803. + 5490. Malina, b. Feb. 25, 1807 ; m. Oct.. 1830,
Alden S. Gage. She d. Julv S, 1846. Utica, N. Y. Chn: i. Helen Malina,
2. Cornelia Matilda. 3. Hulda Loomis, 4. Harriette Arsenoe, 5.
Thaddeus Alden. 5491. Algernon S., b. Nov. 2, 1811; m. Alice
Chamberlain. He d. June i.). 1845. Little Falls, N. Y. I CAPT. ABIEL
LOOMIS, h. Conn., Au.r. rington. Conn., Mch. 23, 1772, d. May 15,
(Cook) Coe. She was a school teacher. ID ch'n, b. Conn. Alvah, b.
Oct. 25, 1793. 'I- Sept. 4. 1794Almira, b. Apr. 19, 1795; m. Nov. 17,
1844, Thomas Williams, who d. Mav 10, 1870, ae. 63. Winchester.
Eunice, b. Feb. 16, 1797, d. Mch. 3, 1797Calista, b. July 16, 1798, d.
Oct. 13. 1818. Winchester. 8, 1773: m. Jan. 20. 1793. Eunice, b.
Tor1841, ae. 69. dau. of Jonathan and Eunice He d. Oct. 16, 1818.
Winchester, Conn. 5496. 54975498. 54995500. Abiel, b. .Aug. 19,
1800. -r Norman. b. Nov. 27, 1802, d. Jan. 14, 1819. Alanson, b.
Jan. 21, 1806. 4Eliiiu Lewis, b. Mch. 19. 1808. -f Harriet, b. Jan. 27,

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