Computer programming language generations
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Computer programming languages are categorized into generations based on their level of abstraction from machine language. First generation languages (1GL) use binary and operate at the machine level. Second generation languages (2GL) include assembly languages, which provide basic abstraction over 1GL. Third generation languages (3GL) use high-level statements and require compilers to translate them into machine code. Examples include C, C++, and Java. Fourth generation languages (4GL) resemble human language and are often used for database access, with SQL as a primary example. Fifth generation languages (5GL) incorporate visual programming interfaces to create programs using 3GL or 4GL code.
Computer programming language generations
- 1. COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE GENERATIONS • The term generation summarizes major evolutionary advances in programming languages. • 0GL:- i. Low level language is Machine understandable language which is Binary / 0 or 1. ii. Low-level programming languages are sometimes divided into two categories: first generation and second generation. Machine language is Example of 1GL. Assembly language is Example of 2GL.
- 2. 1GL • First-generation languages were basic binary data instructions for processors to execute. • Code is made up of 0s and 1s.
- 3. 2GL • Second-generation languages are also low level language but provide one abstraction level on top of the machine code. • Second-generation languages use an assembler to convert language statements into machine language. • Second-generation languages are sometimes used in kernels and hardware drives, but more commonly used for video editing and video games.
- 4. 3GL • Third-generation languages use high-level language statements that are converted by a compiler into specific programming language statements. • A third-generation language, such as C, C++ and Java, require a considerable amount of programming skills and knowledge.
- 5. 4GL • Fourth-generation languages closely resemble human grammar and language. • These languages are often used for accessing databases. • For example SQL(structured query language) is declarative programming language, Used communicate with database. • Perl , PHP, Python, Ruby, and SQL are examples of 4GL.
- 6. 5GL • Fifth-generation languages use a graphical interface to create language statements that are compiled with a third- or fourth- generation language compiler. • Some of the biggest computer businesses, such as IBM and Microsoft, make fifth-generation visual programming solutions for creating new apps. • Programming with a visual interface allows users to easily understand and complete object-oriented programming tasks. • 5GL, are programming languages contains visual tools to help develop a program. • Examples of fifth generation languages include Mercury, OPS5, and Prolog.