Generations of programming language
- 2. TOPICS : Overview Generation of Programming Language Different Types of Generation of Language Advantages of Different Generations Quick Review Assignment
- 3. Generations of Programming Language Programming languages have been developed over the year in a phased manner. Each phase of development has made the programming language more user-friendly, easier to use and more powerful. Each phase of improvement made in the development of the programming languages can be referred to as a generation.
- 4. The programming language in terms of their performance reliability and robustness can be grouped into Five different generations First Generation Languages (1GL) Second Generation Languages (2GL) Third Generation Languages (3GL) Fourth Generation Languages (4GL) Fifth Generation Languages (5GL)
- 5. First Generation Language(Machine Language) The first generation programming language is also called low-level programming language because they were used to program the computer system at a very low level of abstraction. i.e. at the machine level. The machine language also referred to as the native language of the computer system is the first generation programming language. In the machine
- 6. language, a programmer only deals with a binary number. Advantages of First Generation Language They are translation free and can be directly executed by the computers. The programs written in these languages are executed very speedily and efficiently by the CPU of the computer system.
- 7. The programs written in these languages utilize the memory in an efficient manner because it is possible to keep track of each bit of data. Second Generation Language (Assembly Language) The second generation programming language also belongs to the category of low-level- programming language. The second generation language comprises assembly languages that use
- 8. the concept of mnemonics for the writing program. In the assembly language, symbolic names are used to represent the opcode and the operand part of the instruction. Advantages of Second Generation Language It is easy to develop, understand and modify the programs developed in these languages as compared to those developed in the first generation programming language.
- 9. The programs written in these languages are less prone to errors and therefore can be maintained with a great case. Third Generation Languages (High-Level Languages) The third generation programming languages were designed to overcome the various limitations of the first and second generation programming languages. The languages of the
- 10. third and later generation are considered as a high-level language because they enable the programmer to concentrate only on the logic of the programs without considering the internal architecture of the computer system. Advantages of Third Generation Language It is easy to develop, learn and understand the program.
- 11. As the programs written in these languages are less prone to errors they are easy to maintain. The program written in these languages can be developed in very less time as compared to the first and second generation language. Examples: FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, C++, C Fourth Generation Language ( 4GL ) The fourth generation programming languages were designed and developed to reduce the time,
- 12. cost and effort needed to develop different types of software applications. Advantages of Fourth Generation Languages These programming languages allow the efficient use of data by implementing various database. They require less time, cost and effort to develop different types of software applications.
- 13. The program developed in these languages are highly portable as compared to the programs developed in the languages of other generation. Examples: SOL, CSS, COLDFUSION Fifth Generation Language ( 5GL ) The programming languages of this generation mainly focus on constraint programming. The major fields in which the fifth generation
- 14. programming language are employed are Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Neural Networks Advantages of fifth generation languages These languages can be used to query the database in a fast and efficient manner. In this generation of language, the user can communicate with the computer system in a simple and an easy manner. Examples: mercury, prolog, OPS5
- 15. QUICK REVIEW : The programming language can be categorized into Five different generations First Generation Languages (1GL) Second Generation Languages (2GL) Third Generation Languages (3GL) Fourth Generation Languages (4GL) Fifth Generation Languages (5GL)
- 16. Assignment : 1. What do you mean by Machine Language? 2. How is Assembly Language different from Machine Language? 3. Differentiate between an Interpreter and a Compiler. 4. Name the types of general purpose computer. 5. What are the features of forth generation language? 6. Write the full form a. HLL b. 4GL 7. Fill in the blanks :- a. A ______ is a set of instructions which tells the computer what to do. b. The development of computer languages can be classified into _____ categories. c. _____ language consists of sets of binary numbers i.e 0 and 1
- 17. d. _____ uses simple English word and mathematical operators. e. _____ language uses mnemonic codes or symbols. 8. State True or False :- a. Machine language is the only language, which a computer understands. b. Machine language uses mnemonic codes. c. Each programming language has its own specific rules and syntax. d. Assembly language is regarded as the first generation language. e. Compiler converts a high level language program into machine language, line by line. f.Programming is the process of writing specific instructions in a computer language.