Confined Space Ppt

Confined Space Overview Definitions Confined Space Hazards Equipment Requirements

Learning Objectives Regulatory Requirements Definitions Confined Space Hazards Hazard Identification

Learning Objectives Responsibilities Entry Permits Lock-Out / Tag Out Atmospheric Monitoring Training Requirements

Learning Objectives Alternate Entry Procedures Reclassification Respiratory Protection

Facts About 2.1 million workers enter permit confined spaces Annually The majority of fatalities in confined space emergencies occur to rescuers

Confined space is defined as the interior of an enclosed area or structure (a) is enclosed or partially enclosed, (b) is not designed or intended for continuous human occupancy, (c) has limited or restricted means for entry or exit that may complicate the provision of first aid, evacuation, rescue or other emergency response service, and (d) is large enough and so configured that a worker could enter to perform assigned work;

Engulfment Being buried by free flowing loose granular materials such as sawdust or earth Being drowned in liquids

Isolation Separating piping from a confined space May include blanking, blinding and double block & bleed

Examples of Confined Spaces Are: Vessels Tanks (septic, etc.) Pipes (sewer, drain, utility, etc.) Vaults Pits Silo’s Trenches Tunnels Storage Bins Manholes Bore holes

Entry into Confined Spaces may be necessary to periodically perform the following functions: Inspection Cleaning Repairing Construction Maintenance Removal

Hazards presenting a potential for injury, illness or death Toxic gases above the PEL Oxygen deficiency Oxygen enrichment Potential for engulfment Flammable gas above 10% of the LEL Potential for IDLH atmospheres

Ignition Sources A fire or explosion can occur due to: Static electricity Metal friction Unapproved lamps or electrical equipment Cigarettes Therefore NO SMOKING Sparks from grinding or welding

Toxic Contaminants Above TLV should be considered a serious potential hazard IDLH conditions pose serious danger to workers Contaminants may already be inside the space and/or introduced by work operations

Oxygen deficient atmosphere May occur as a result of The work being done (welding) Chemical reactions (rusting) Bacterial decomposition May also occur by displacement of another gas

Low oxygen symptoms 16% - Rapid breathing, drowsiness 14% - Faulty judgement, rapid fatigue 12% - Unconscious 6% - Death

In Potential Oxygen deficient atmospheres Users Must wear SCBA or combination airline with egress cylinder

The hazards of each confined space shall be identified by: Review of the past and current uses of the confined space Physical characteristics, configuration and location of the space

Existing or potential confined space hazards Oxygen deficiency Flammable or explosive atmosphere Toxic Atmosphere Mechanical devices Physical obstacles

Hazards identified need to be evaluated by a qualified person with respect to: Scope of the hazard exposure Likelihood of hazard occurrence Consequence of hazard occurrence Potential for changing conditions Strategies for eliminating or controlling Emergency response capabilities

Pre-Planning - Blinding/Flushing Pipes/lines must be disconnected, blinded or blocked off Physical locks are placed on breakers, valves and chains Space shall be emptied, flushed or purged of flammable or hazardous substances to the extent feasible

Entry - Air Quality Test air initially & periodically with calibrated and tested air monitor to determine whether dangerous and/or oxygen deficiency exists Eliminate ignition source introduction until the hazardous condition has been eliminated Obtain hot work permit for ignition producing activities

Entry - Air monitoring Oxygen deficient or enriched atmospheres Test for Oxygen first Less than 19.5% are IDLH Greater than 23.5 are Oxygen enriched

Entry - Air monitoring Flammable or Explosive Atmospheres Greater than 10% LEL are deemed hazardous

Entry - Air monitoring If other toxics are suspected, must test or provide adequate protection for worker if above the PEL for the substance CO & H2S are most common toxics in confined space entry

Entry - Air monitoring Maintain a written record of the monitoring performed prior to and during confined space operations. Employees shall have access to the monitoring results

Entry - Air monitoring If dangerous air contamination/Oxygen deficiency does not exist, entry into the space requires that: Air monitoring shall be done with sufficient frequency to ensure that a dangerous air contamination and/or oxygen deficiency does not occur during the operation

Entry - Retrieval Systems Approved retrieval system shall be set up Provide, inspect and test safety, rescue and retrieval equipment The retrieval system shall be attached to the workers using an approved harness and line Wristlets may be used if it can be demonstrated that a harness is not feasible or creates a greater hazard

Entry - Retrieval Systems Retrieval line must be attached to a properly rated mechanical devise or fixed point outside the permit space The mechanical device must be available to retrieve personnel from a vertical type permit space 5 or more feet deep Lines & ropes should be configured within the space as the Entrants’ route

Entry Permit Shall authorize entry only by designated and trained workers, into a specific confined space and for a specific purpose. The following items are required on each entry permit

Items for Entry Permit Known or suspected hazards Steps to isolate the space; lockout/tagout Measures to remove or control potential hazards purging, inerting, ventilation Testing/monitoring equipment and procedures for their use

Items for Entry Permit Emergency response team available Rescue equipment provided on-site The personal protective equipment to be used

Items for Entry Permit Check list to assure & certify that all pre-entry requirements have been met Name of person authorizing or in charge of entry Name of attendant

Entry Recommended positive ventilation before and during all confined space entries Where no fixed ventilation system exists, use a portable explosion proof mechanical blower Place the blower intake line so that the make-up air is not taken from a contaminated environment

Evaluation - Reclassification The only actual or potential hazard is atmospheric contamination Continuous forced ventilation alone is sufficient to maintain entry conditions Collect monitoring and inspection data to support decision

Reclassification Compliance Must have written entry procedures Non-atmospheric hazards remain eliminated Testing and inspection confirm all hazards have and remain eliminated throughout operations

Reclassification Compliance Written documentation of hazard elimination Documentation available to employees If hazards develop: employer must reevaluate confined space operations to see if permit-required entry is required

Pre-entry Barricade/guard rail entrance Test atmosphere with Calibrated instrument Provide continuous forced ventilation Until hazards are eliminated Until entrants have vacated space Must be clean air supply

Entry Perform periodic atmospheric testing to insure no hazardous atmosphere develops If hazardous atmosphere is detected: Immediately evacuate Investigate causes Implement additional protective measures prior to re-entry

Confined Space Definition A space with concurrent existence Existing ventilation is insufficient to remove dangerous air contamination and/or oxygen deficiency which may exist or develop Ready access or egress for the removal of a suddenly disabled employee is difficult due to the location and/or size of the openings

Dangerous Air Contamination Greater than 20% of the LEL Toxics greater than IDLH Oxygen less than 19.5%

Operating Procedures Written program Employee Training Potential hazards Operating procedures Rescue procedures (may be self rescue)

Pre-entry Hazardous lines must be blocked/blinded Exceptions! Sewers & storm drains where no dangerous air contamination could occur Gas Utility distribution systems

Procedures Purge, flush & empty to extent feasible Test air - record data

Air Quality Acceptable Air - no hazards Test air frequently/continuously Dangerous Air Contamination augment existing ventilation retest atmosphere Controlled Air Quality enter space

Possible Dangerous Air Use appropriate, approved respiratory protection Use belt or harness for possible rescue One standby employee required suitable respiratory protection with independent air source entry for rescue only upon notice to another employee with sight communication is required if employee out of sight

Possible Combustible Gases No ignition sources (welding/cutting) Approved intrinsically safe lighting

Top opening entry Approved suspension harness Hoisting devise or other means of retrieval

Program Requirements Written Plan on how it will be administered Complete assessment and knowledge of the respiratory hazards Procedures and equipment to control the hazards; engineering controls, work practices Guidelines for selection of PPE

Program Requirements Employee Training Program Covering: Hazard Recognition Dangers associated with respiratory hazards Proper care, use, maintenance and inspection of respirators

Respiratory Hazards Oxygen Deficiency Must use supplied air respirator with egress cylinder or Self contained breathing apparatus

Particulate Contaminants Dust Mist Fume

Gas & Vapor Contaminants Inert gases Acidic gases Alkaline gases Organic compounds Organometallic compounds

Respirator Selection What is the Hazard What is the concentration level

Respirator Protection Factors Depends on the applicable OSHA standard Lead Asbestos General Industry Other regulation DOE/DOD Your company policy

Respirator Maximum Use Concentrations PEL of the contaminant times the respirator protection factor is the Maximum Use Concentration, but Must be less than the IDLH level Must have adequate warning properties Must be able to be filtered/absorbed

Confined Space Ppt

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