Congestion Control Technique with Safety Transmission of Messages in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1102
Congestion Control Technique with Safety Transmission of Messages in
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network
Bhagyashri P. Deshpande1, Dr.A.S.Alvi2
1 M.E(CSE) PRMIT&R, Badnera , Amravati
2 Professor ,Dept. of CSE PRMIT&R ,Badnera, Amravati
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Abstract - Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is somehow
similar to MANET. As there are mobile nodes present in
MANET in the same way vehicles are present in VANET. If we
compare it with MANET, VANET have dissimilar
characteristics. When the channelsaresaturatedbythenodes,
the congestion occurs in channel. Chances of congestion in the
network increases with the increment in number of collision
occurrence and this is all because of increase in the density of
vehicle. In this paper we proposeRT-MMFalgorithmtocontrol
the congestion in VANET and to deliver safety messages
through nodes, encryption and decryption technique is used.
We are also going to learn the performance of the proposed
algorithm. We are evaluating the result of our proposed
method through simulation using NS2. In this paper we are
also comparing previoustechnique withourproposed method.
Key Words: VANET, MANET, Congestion Control, RT-
MMF, Network Simulator.
1.INTRODUCTION
Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET’s) uses
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITSs) to operate
wireless communications in the vehicular
environments. VANET’s are designed to provide
consistent and safe surroundings for users to reduce
the road accidents, traffic jams, andfuelconsumptions,
and so on. The VANets’ users can be informed of
hazardoussituationsbyvehicularcommunicationsand
exchanging the information about surrounding
environments. VANET’s have some unique
characteristics such as high mobility, high rate of
topology changes, andhigh densityofthenetwork,and
so on. IEEE 802.11p[1] is a protocol that specifies the
features of IEEE 802.11 protocol inPHYandlowerpart
of MAC layers to transfer data in vehicular
environments. This protocol employs an MAC layer
protocol based on Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)fordisseminatingdata
in VANET.
Vehicular communication includes both Inter-
Vehicle Communication (IVC) and Vehicle to
Infrastructure communication. VANET’s are designed
to improve the road safety and traffic efficiency in the
vehicular environments. Due to the dynamic nature of
the traffic in roads, some gaps may be createdbetween
the vehicles and consequently remote node clusters
can be created in the roads and it leads to accidents.
To avoid this problem the warning messages
must be sent to the vehicles for avoiding further
collision. We have to study the probability of sent
messages from vehicles and the received safety
messages and also the delay that will occur in sending
the message for future recipient.
In high mobility environment DSRC[3] will not
workedproperly.Therefore,anewRelaxationMax-Min
Fairness algorithm (RT-MMF)[4] is introduced to
increase the system’s reliability and probability of
receiving packets and decreasing the delay for
transmission. In rest of the paper we will see related
work, the comparison between the previoustechnique
and the proposed one, evaluation of proposed system.
2. RELATED WORK
Varsha H,, Pradeep , (IJCSIT) International Journal of
ComputerScienceandInformationTechnologies,Vol.5
(2) , 2014, [1] In this paper, performance evaluations
of safety message dissemination inVANETs inVehicle-
to-Vehicle communication (V2V) are considered. The
vehicles which are considered as nodes in VANET
communicate or exchange messages with each other,
which is referred to as V2V or Inter-Vehicle
Communication (IVC). V2V communication is
implemented through Dedicated Short Range
Communication (DSRC)[3] protocol. The main
advantage of the V2V communication with DSRC will
be decreased delay and efficient broadcasting ofsafety
messages to far away nodes as possible.
Meenal Pannase January 2014 [2] In this paper we
suggest priority based congestioncontrol algorithmas
answer to avert congestion in VANETs natural
environment. We also study the production of
proposed priority based congestion control algorithm
for VANET in difference congested scenarios. The

effectivenessoftheproposedprioritybasedcongestion
control algorithm is considered through the hardware
and conclusions will be shown on .net. This new
imagination is alleviated congestion in network,
increases the throughput and package consignment
ratio and furthermore minimizes delay.
3.ADAPTIVE AND MOBILITY BASED ALGORITHM
(AMBA)
Basically we are comparing the system using two
methods one is previously used AMBA and the other
one is our proposed system RT-MMF. So first we see
howAMBAtechniqueworks.BasicallyAMBA(Adaptive
And Mobility Based Algorithm) algorithm allows more
vehicle to send their status message within the
network. Here we are showing vehicular ad hoc
network using NS-2[7]so we can consider the vehicles
as a nodes. In AMBA algorithm while transmitting
messages through nodes the collision might be
occurred and hence the number of packets dropped is
high andit affects the efficiency of the network and the
algorithm.
Screenshot-1: Structure of Network in AMBA Algorithm
Screenshot-2 : Message transmission through network
Screenshot-3: Collision occurred while transmitting
messages
In above figure we can see how the vehicles are
travelling and transmitting messagesthroughnetwork
but while transmitting the messages among vehicles
the collision might be occurred as we can see in the
screenshot 3 and the energy required for this
transmission is more as compared toRT-MMFbecause
all the nodes are participating in transmissions. So the
delay might be occurredbutthepacketsdroppedwhile
transmitting through nodes are high. So the efficiency
of this method is low and the security provided for
transmission is also not feasible.
4.RELAXATION MAX-MIN THEORY ALGORITHM
(RT-MMF)
Our system design can be divided into two
main parts, namely Relaxation Theory (RT) and Max-
MinFairness(MMF)[4].Theconceptualviewoforiginal
RT and the flow diagram of our proposed system
design are as illustrated in Fig.1. Both of our proposed
methods are chosen based on their unique
characteristics in dealing with congested networks.

Fig-1:Relaxation Theory (RT) and Max-Min Fairness
(MMF)
The system is divided into three modules. The firstone
is just showing the active deactive concept of network,
the secondoneisRT-MMFwhichflowdiagramwehave
seen in above fig:1 And the third one is Encryption
decryption algorithm. In the first module we have
shown how we can use active deactive concept to save
energy of the system. As all nodes are not participating
in the transmission. Firstly in WSN[8] multiple nodes
are participating in communication so lots of energy is
lost. So to save this energy and to avoid collision we
have to activate only those nodes which are
responsible in sending packets from source and
destination. In the second module we are applying
congestion control algorithm RT-MMF. For this
purpose we considertheneighboringnodesofasender
and calculate the distance between the node and the
source and whichever node having minimum distance
consider that node as the next one in our route and
then repeat the procedure until we cannot reach our
destination.
To control thecongestionweapplyRT-MMF[4]
algorithm. The RT is chosentocontroltherateatwhich
the packets can be sent from each node. The control
transmission rate is called Engineering Level (EL)(L(f;
_) which is defined as the number of slots based on
available bandwidth, in order to transmittheincoming
packets (potentially after some buffering),withoutany
additional loss or delay. This technique also allocates
fair share of bandwidth to each packet while
minimizing the occurrence of congestion. In this
algorithm EL is the most important factor if it exceeds
the threshold bandwidth, our communication will be
stop and EL will be reset. The algorithm we used is as
follows.
Initialize EL=0.
For(I=0; I<length; I++)
{
Repeat source to destination communication while
loop length.
El++;
If(El==250)
{
Break;
}
}
Prints(“The bandwidth limit exceed resulting El to
zero(0)”);
For the security purpose we are applying encryption
and decryption algorithm. In order to safely broadcast
messages from source to destination we have to
encrypt the message. For this purpose we are using
SHA-256 algorithm. The SHA-256 compression
function operates on a 512-bit message block and a
256-bit intermediate hash value. It is essentiallya256-
bit block cipher algorithm which encrypts the
intermediate hash value using the message block as
key.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Simulation[9] has been approved using a
powerful Network Simulator-2(NS-2)[7]todetermine
the performance of the proposed method. RT-MMF is
purposely designed to provide high traffic rate during
simultaneous data transmissions in WBSN [5].In this
section firstly weseeourproposedsystemandthenwe
will see the comparison between the previous system
and proposed one through graph and tables. In our
Start
Network Formation
Apply AODV
Result Analysis
1st
Phase
Implementation of RT-MMF
Apply SHA-256
Communication Starts
Result
2nd
Phase
Stop

proposed system as we are using active and
deactivation concept thatsavestheenergyofthenodes
ultimately energy of the system and it reduce the most
important problem that is collision. So the packet
delivery ratio is high as compare to the AMBA
algorithm. So in screenshot 4 we can see the basic
network of our VANET , the active and deactive nodes
which represent the shortest path to deliver packet
from source to destination.
Screenshot-4: Basic view of Proposed System
Screenshot-5 : Packets delivered through source to
destination
In above screenshot 5 we can see how packets are
delivered from source to destination. As we are using
active deactive concept, the packets passed only
through the active nodes and in this way we can save
energy and time required to delivered packets.
Screenshot-6: Minimum value calculation
As shown in screenshot 6 we can see how the
particular nodes are selected for transmission of the
packets. From the root node we consider the
neighboring nodes which are at minimal distance.
Then according to their X and Y axis positionsofboth
the nodes we calculate the distance. This procedure
will be repeated for all the neighboring nodes which
are nearer to the root node. Then after getting the
entire node’s distance, we consider that node only
that has minimum value. And that node will be the
next node in the path of transmission.
In this way we have to calculate the minimum
distances and make route till the destination.
Screenshot-7: Result of Proposed system
Screenshot 7 shows the overall result of our proposed
system. In which we can see the number of generated
packets, received number packets, the ratio of packet
delivery, total number of packets dropped and delay if
any.
Screenshot-8: Result of AMBA Technology
After generatingtheresultdifferentgraphswill
be generated in which we can see the comparison
between two techniques.

Table-1: Comparison between Energy values of RT-MMF
and AMBA Method
AMBA Energy Proposed System
Energy
0 3
0 0
1 3
1 3
2 0
2 0
3 0
3 0
4 0
4 2
5 2
5 0
6 2
6 4
7 4
Chart-1: Comparison of Energy Value
Table-2: Comparison between Jitter Values RT-MMF and
AMBA Method
AMBA Jitter Proposed System
Jitter
0 0
0 0.000424
-0.000939 0.000283
-0.000352 0.000212
-0.000282 0.000074
-0.000027 0.000161
0.001051 -0.000563
0.001078 -0.000504
-0.004156 0.00018
-0.000064 -0.000489
0.000171 0.000326
-0.000764 -0.000291
-0.000828 -0.000435
-0.000671 -0.000143
-0.000822 0.000219
Chart- 2 : Comparison of Jitter Values

Table-3: Comparison between Throughput Values
AMBA Throughput Proposed System
Throughput
8 8
16 17.6
24 27.2
32 36.8
40 46.4
48 56
56 65.6
64 75.2
73.6 84.8
83.2 94.4
92.8 104
102.4 109.6
112 118.4
121.6 126
131.2 131.6
Chart-3: Comparison graph of Throughput Values
Table-4: Comparison Values of delay
AMBA Delay Proposed System
Delay
0 0
0.001408 0.000848
0 0.000848
0.000249 0.000848
0.001016 0.000729
0.000271 0.000848
0.004871 0.000003
0.000283 0.000017
0.001315 0.000724
0.000108 0
0.000948 0.000848
0.000739 0.000205
0.001234 0.000024
0.000925 0.000305
0 0.000683
Chart-4: Comparison of Delay values
As we have seen the entire table and graphs which
shows the comparison between the previous method
AMBA and proposed method. From this graph we can

say that the AMBA is less efficient than the proposed
system.
6.CONCLUSION
In this project we are discussing about how we
can avoid the problem of congestion and collision. For
evaluation purposes, we have performed simulation
analysis using NS-2[12] and showed that across
multiple nodes scenarios RT-MMF always performs
much better than the previous one. Here we are
comparing the results of two techniques one is
previously invented AMBA and the other one is
proposedRT-MMFtechnique.ByusingRT-MMFwecan
avoid congestion andcollisioninthenetwork.RT-MMF
is able to reduce congestion during simultaneous data
transmission, which is a significant indication of its
efficiency. By using encryption decryption we can
ensure the security of messages that are transmitted
over the network. Energy required for execution will
required less. As we are calculating throughput i.e. the
ratio of packets delivered from source to destinationis
more than the AMBA. From the results we conclude
that our proposed system is more efficient than the
previous one.
7. FUTURE SCOPE
As we have performed this project using
simulation but we can do this project in real time also.
But the cost goes very high. As this project is very
useful in the area where the trafficisthemaincause.So
we can use this project using some hardware
equipments and sensors. We can use this project in
parking areas also as in high traffic area parking of
vehicles is very difficult task so by implementing this
project in future we can solvetheparkingslotproblem.
Future workincludes the thought ofnetworkcodingas
a way to increase routability, improve congestion and
overflow prevention. This technique offers several
advantages including solving complicated routing that
cannot be solved using the traditional approach.
REFERENCES
[1] Varsha H , Pradeep. S,” Enhanced Performance Evaluation for
Broadcasting Safety Messages In VANET”, (IJCSIT)
International Journal of Computer Science and Information
Technologies, Vol. 5 (2) , 2014, 1595-1598
[2] Meenal Pannase Priority Based Congestion Control for VANET:
Review International Journal of Advance Research in
Computer Science and Management Studies Volume2,Issue1,
January 2014.
[3] C.-Y. Wan, S. B. Eisenman, and A. T. Campbell, “(CODA):
congestion detection and avoidance in sensor etworks,” in
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded
networked sensor systems,ser.SenSys’03.NewYork,NY,USA:
ACM, 2003, pp. 266–279.
[4] Naimah Yaakob, Member, IEEE, and Ibrahim Khalil, Senior
Member, IEEE,” A Novel Congestion Avoidance Technique for
Simultaneous Real-Time Medical Data Transmission”,
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH INFORMATICS,VOL.
XX, NO. X, FEBRUARY 2015.
[5] Naimah Yaakob, Member, IEEE, and Ibrahim Khalil, Senior
Member, IEEE,” A Novel Congestion Avoidance Technique for
Simultaneous Real-Time Medical Data Transmission”,
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL AND HEALTH INFORMATICS,VOL.
XX, NO. X, FEBRUARY 2015.
[6] N. Yaakob, I. Khalil, and J. Hu, “On the effectiveness of relaxation
theory for controlling high traffic volumes in body sensor
networks,” in Proceedings of the 2nd International ICST
Conference on Wireless Mobile Communication and
Healthcare Mobihealth. Greece: Springer, 2011, pp. 16–23.
[7] Teerawat Issariyakul , EkramHossain,”IntroductiontoNetwork
Simulator NS2”, ISBN:978-0-387-71759-3e-ISBN:978-0-387-
71760-9 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-71760-9 Library of
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[8] Muhammad Mostafa Monowar, Md. Obaidur Rahman, Al-Sakib
Khan Pathan, and Choong Seon Hong,” Congestion Control
Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks Handling Prioritized
Heterogeneous Traffic”.
[9] R. E. Shannon, “Introduction to the art and science of
simulation,” in Proc. Of the 30th conference on Winter
simulation (WSC’98), 1989.

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