Final Presentation PPT for final years project

AN EFFICIENT PRIVACY PRESERVING AUTHENTICATION
WITH INSIDER ATTACK RESISTANCE FOR VANET
Presented by
1.SANJAY K (722820106116)
2.SARAN S (722820106121)
3.SOMANSANKARA P R (722820106134)
4.VISHNUPRASANTH B (722820106159)
Guided by
Mrs. K.Suganyadevi.,M.E.,(Ph.D.,)
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
SRI ESHWAR COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING.
21-11-2023 1
Batch no : 13

21-11-2023 Batch no : 13 2
Presentation Outline
• Introduction
• Abstract
• Literature Survey
• Objective
• Block Diagram
• Expected Outcome
• Execution Plan
• References

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Introduction
• VANETs support dynamic communication between fast-moving vehicles using
OBUs and RSUs. They facilitate safety-related applications and optimize
traffic through V2V and V2I protocols.
• VANETs demand robust security measures, including authentication for
communication between vehicles, privacy protection against unauthorized
access, and data verification to ensure integrity.
• Insider attacks in VANETs originate from authenticated entities within the
network.
• Balancing real-time communication and efficiency with comprehensive
security is crucial.
• Maintaining VANETs' efficiency while ensuring robust security against insider
threats requires a delicate balance in security measures to safeguard
communication while real-time exchanges between vehicles.

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Abstract
• VANETs, while pivotal for traffic management and safety, face vulnerabilities
like insider attacks due to their open and dynamic nature, posing significant
challenges for privacy and authentication.
• A novel approach merges Proof of Chain (PoC) and Causal Dependency
mechanisms to address privacy concerns and resist insider attacks during
authentication in VANETs.
• Causal Dependency mechanisms ensure message sequencing, guarding against
replay attacks and aiding vehicles in determining the relevance of received
information to their current state.
• By implementing these methods, individual vehicle traceability is significantly
reduced, enabling data exchange, traffic management, and safety
communication without compromising privacy or security in VANETs.

21-11-2023 Batch no : 13 5
Literature Survey
Paper Title Journal details Methodology
Advantages/
Disadvantages
1.PairingFree
Signatures with Insider
Attack Resistance for
Vehicular AdHoc
Networks (VANETs)
IEEE Access, vol. 9,
pp. 159587-159597.
Cryptographic operations
measured using C MIRACL
Core Cryptographic Library
Advantages:
It ensures message integrity, authentication,
privacy, tracing, non-repudiation, and resistance to
insider attacks
Disadvantages:
Limited Scalability,
Increased Latency,
Complexity of Revocation.
2. Comparative study
on security and privacy
issues in VANETs
Cloud and
IoT‐Based Vehicular
Ad Hoc Networks
(2021): 145-162.
Geolocalization Abilities,
Dedicated Short-Range
Communication (DSRC),
Low Motionlessness
Necessities
Advantages:
It achieves security and privacy in VANETs.
It enhances vehicle authentication time, collision
rate, data transmission rate, and privacy
preservation levels
Disadvantages:
Rapidly Evolving Technology,
Availability of Data,
Scope and Complexity

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Literature Survey
Advantages/
Disadvantages
3.Proven Secure Tree-
Based Authenticated
Key Agreement for
Securing V2V and V2I
Communications in
VANETs
IEEE Transactions
on Mobile
Computing, vol. 21,
no. 9, pp. 3280-3297,
1 Sept. 2022, doi:
10.1109/TMC.2021.
3056712.
V2V and V2I
Communications, Full
authentication mechanism,
Light weight Cryptography
mechanism
Advantages:
The outcome is proven secure, it has low
computational and communication overhead
Disadvantages:
Scalability,
Complexity,
Infrastructure Dependence,
Single Point of Failure.
4.Batch-Assisted
Verification Scheme
for Reducing Message
Verification Delay of
the Vehicular Ad Hoc
Networks
IEEE Internet of
Things Journal, vol.
7, no. 9, pp. 8144-
8156, Sept. 2020,
doi:
10.1109/JIOT.2020.3
004811
Dedicated Short Range
Communication (DSRC)
protocol, Collaborative
authentication method.
Advantages:
It reduces verification delay and achieves fast
message verification
Disadvantages:
Publication Bias,
Rapidly Evolving Technology,
Availability of Data,
Scope and Complexity

21-11-2023 Batch no : 13 7
Literature Survey
Advantages/
Disadvantages
5.The Delay-
Constrained and
Network-Situation-
Aware V2V2I VANET
Data Offloading Based
on the Multi-Access
Edge Computing (MEC)
Architecture,
IEEE Open Journal
of Vehicular
Technology, vol. 1,
pp. 331-347, 2020,
doi:
10.1109/OJVT.2020.
3028684.
MEC protocol Advantages:
Ensures lifetime and quality of the V2V2I path to
derive suitable offloading paths
Disadvantages:
Limited scope,
Simplified assumptions,
Lack of real-world validation
6.A novel cyber‐attack
modelling and detection
in overcurrent
protection relays based
on wavelet signature
analysis.
IET Generation,
Transmission &
Distribution (2023).
Wavelet analysis,BRFD
algorithm,NDN-VANET
interconnection techniques
Advantages:
Detecting cyber attacks, reducing redundancy and
improving packet satisfaction rate and delay
Disadvantages:
It does not provide a comprehensive analysis of all
possible cyber threats and vulnerabilities in the
smart grid

21-11-2023 Batch no : 13 8
Literature Survey
Advantages/
Disadvantages
7.A Survey of
VANET/V2X Routing
from the Perspective of
Non-Learning- and
Learning-Based
Approaches
IEEE Access, vol.
10, pp. 23022-
23050, 2022, Doi:
10.1109/ACCESS.2
022.3152767.
V2X routing protocols Advantages:
It delivers optimized packet delivery, handling
congestion and shadowing effects, reducing
network overhead
Disadvantages:
Potential limitation, Does not capture future
protocols, a lack of coverage of innovative
approaches
8.A receiver-forwarding
decision scheme based on
Bayesian for NDN-
VANET,
China
Communications,
vol. 17, no. 8, pp.
106-120, Aug. 2020,
doi:
10.23919/JCC.2020.
08.009.
Bayesian decision theory and
the BRFD (Bayesian-based
Receiver Forwarding
Decision) scheme
Advantages:
Reducing redundancy and improving packet
satisfaction rate and delay
Disadvantages:
It does not provide a comprehensive evaluation
of the proposed BRFD scheme.

21-11-2023 Batch no : 13 9
Literature Survey
Advantages/
Disadvantages
9.Comment on Secure
and Lightweight
Conditional Privacy-
Preserving
Authentication for
Securing Traffic
Emergency Messages
in VANETs
IEEE Transactions
on Information
Forensics and
Security, vol. 18, pp.
1037-1038, 2023,
doi:
10.1109/TIFS.2021.
3066277
PPA (privacy-preserving
authentication) protocol
Advantages:
The scheme does not satisfy conditional privacy and
allows for the forging of valid signatures on
arbitrary messages
Disadvantages:
Reliability and Availability,
Privacy Concerns,
Scalability,
Security Vulnerabilities
10.R.S. State-of-the-art
approach to clustering
protocols in VANET: a
survey
Wireless Netw 26,
5307–5336 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.10
07/s11276-020-
02392-2.
Clustering protocol,MAC
protocol
Advantages:
Improved scalability and reliability
Disadvantages:
Communication overhead,limited clustered node
percentage

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Objective
• Implement causal dependency mechanisms to ensure proper message
sequencing, guarding against replay attacks and enabling accurate
relevance assessment of received information based on current conditions.
• Utilize causal dependency to reduce the traceability of individual cars
within the VANET network, enhancing privacy measures without
compromising communication efficiency.
• Implement causal dependency mechanisms to deter unauthorized tracking
or tracing of vehicles, thereby safeguarding sensitive location and identity
information.
• Utilize causal dependency to enable secure data exchange among vehicles
while reducing the risk of privacy breaches or malicious tracking attempts
in VANETs.

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Motivation of the Work
• Address the vulnerability of VANETs to insider attacks and privacy
breaches by proposing a novel strategy combining Proof of Chain (PoC)
and Causal Dependency mechanisms.
• Aim to overcome challenges concerning privacy preservation and vehicle
traceability, which hinder the widespread deployment of VANETs, ensuring
that participating cars' identities and whereabouts remain protected.
• Enable secure communication among vehicles and roadside infrastructure
to manage traffic effectively while ensuring data integrity and non-
repudiation, crucial for conveying vital safety information.
• Strive to find a balance between robust security measures and the seamless
exchange of critical safety and traffic-related information, ensuring that
privacy and security concerns do not impede the functionality of VANETs.

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Flow Chart

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Explanation
• OBUs generate a signature key that is used to sign their messages and prove
their identity.
• They apply a probabilistic function to their signature key.
• They introduce dummy packets contain random data instead of fake data.
• OBU’s send a request to join a Trusted Authority (TA).
• The TA receives the request from the OBU and verifies its signature key.
• If the verification is successful, the TA sends a certification key to the OBU.
• The certification key is used to prove the OBU’s identity and verify its
signature by other OBU’s or RSU’s.
• RSUs verify received messages using OBUs' certification-derived public
keys; upon successful signature validation, RSUs grant access to requested
services or information.

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Process Diagram

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Software Details
Software used
Ns-3(Network Simulator version 3).
Language used
C++.
Software description
• It is a discrete event simulator for networking research.
• It provides substantial support to simulate bunch of protocols like TCP, FTP,
UDP, https and DSR.
• It simulates wired and wireless network.
• It helps users to visualize the behavior of network simulations.

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Methodology for the Proposed work
Causal Dependency
• Causal Dependency refers to the idea that in a VANET, the trustworthiness and
reliability of information exchanged between vehicles or between a vehicle
and roadside infrastructure should be established based on a causal
relationship.
Proof of Chain (PoC) Method
• Proof of Chain (PoC) is a security mechanism designed to establish the causal
dependency of messages or events in VANETs. It is a method used to provide
evidence that a particular event or message is part of a legitimate chain of events or
messages with a verifiable source.

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Results and Discussion
• Causal dependency tracking captures the inter-node relationships and
dependencies, offering a more comprehensive view of data flow.
• Causal dependency enables the reconstruction of true data flow patterns,
enhancing the accuracy and reliability of tracing data propagation paths.
• Causal dependency is fundamental in preserving meaningful traceability as the
system matures and adapts to increasing complexities.
• Causal dependency fosters a robust framework that can navigate intricate
network scenarios and maintain reliable traceability in the evolving landscape
of blockchain technology.

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Output

21-11-2023 Batch no : 13 19
References
1. L. E. Funderburg, H. Ren and I. -Y. Lee, "Pairing-Free Signatures with Insider-Attack Resistance for Vehicular
Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs)," in IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 159587-159597, 2021, Doi:
10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3131189.
2. B T Rao, B. Tarakeswara, RSM Lakshmi Patibandla, and V. Lakshman Narayana. "Comparative study on security
and privacy issues in VANETs." Cloud and IoT‐Based Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (2021): 145-162.
3. L. Wei, J. Cui, H. Zhong, Y. Xu and L. Liu, "Proven Secure Tree-Based Authenticated Key Agreement for
Securing V2V and V2I Communications in VANETs," in IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, vol. 21, no. 9,
pp. 3280-3297, 1 Sept. 2022, Doi: 10.1109/TMC.2021.3056712.
4. F. Wu, X. Zhang, C. Zhang, X. Chen, W. Fan and Y. Liu, "Batch-Assisted Verification Scheme for Reducing
Message Verification Delay of the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks," in IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 7, no. 9,
pp. 8144-8156, Sept. 2020, Doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3004811.
5. C. M. Huang and C. -F. Lai, "The Delay-Constrained and Network-Situation-Aware V2V2I VANET Data
Offloading Based on the Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) Architecture," in IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular
Technology, vol. 1, pp. 331-347, 2020, Doi: 10.1109/OJVT.2020.3028684
6. Yousefi kia, Mohammad, Mohsen Saniei, and Seyyed Ghodratollah Seifossadat. "A novel cyber‐attack modelling
and detection in overcurrent protection relays based on wavelet signature analysis." IET Generation, Transmission
& Distribution (2023).

21-11-2023 Batch no : 13 20
References
7. T. Chatterjee, R. Karmakar, G. Kaddoum, S. Chattopadhyay and S. Chakraborty, "A Survey of VANET/V2X
Routing from the Perspective of Non-Learning- and Learning-Based Approaches," in IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp.
23022-23050, 2022, Doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3152767.
8. X. Guo, Y. Chen, L. Cao, D. Zhang and Y. Jiang, "A receiver-forwarding decision scheme based on Bayesian for
NDN-VANET," in China Communications, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 106-120, Aug. 2020, Doi:
10.23919/JCC.2020.08.009.
9. J. Zhang and Q. Zhang, "Comment on “Secure and Lightweight Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication for
Securing Traffic Emergency Messages in VANETs”,in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security,
vol. 18, pp. 1037-1038, 2023, Doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2021.3066277.
10. J. Zhang and Q. Zhang, "Comment on “Secure and Lightweight Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication for
Securing Traffic Emergency Messages in VANETs”,in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security,
vol. 18, pp. 1037-1038, 2023, Doi: 10.1109/TIFS.2021.3066277.

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