Contemporary Architecture Style, Design, Architecture And...

Contemporary Architecture Style, Design, Architecture And...
Contemporary architecture style
Keywords: house plans, contemporary architecture style, design, buildings
The main trademark of contemporary architecture style consists of geometric shapes, asymmetric features, and
natural building materials. The focus is on function, simplicity, flexible interiors, plenty of light on airy spaces.
The style is mostly minimalistic with clean lines. The house has a bold look and a very distinctive architectural
street appeal. The houses are built to be more flexible to several different uses; they are also well ventilated and
have access to enough natural light. These buildings' orientations form the main concern for contemporary
architectural style. Compared to old classic mid–century designs, the modern ... Show more content on
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For instance, materials such as granite, concrete, timber, stainless steel and even marbles are used in the
construction process. Shelves and cabinets made of timber, sinks made of stainless steel and hardware are used to
adorn the kitchen making these buildings to resemble industries. Open shelving and simple unadorned cabinet are
also common features of a contemporary kitchen. Work spaces that are efficiently arranged and have minimal
embellishment are constructed in the kitchen. The lighting of the contemporary is made dramatic and appealing
and lights are placed where there is most need. This is what the contemporary style architects terms as a
contemporary building.
Contemporary architecture style requires the architects to design buildings that have both fascinating interior and
exterior structures. Contemporary building plans are geometrical in shapes and are asymmetrical. These buildings
have magnificent landscaping during design stage. They also have over–size windows as a transition between their
outdoor and indoor spaces. The transition is seamlessly introduced by the architect through incorporation of a
sliding glass doors between the streamlined decks and the outdoor
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Compare And Contrast Indian Architecture And Japanese...
In any well–developed region and national culture there are periods of rejection of the past and periods of revival.
These periods are often reflected through architecture as architects, developers, engineers, lay people and even the
national governments seek to reflect history with the inclusion of modernity, meaning modern buildings with
elements of tradition as well as all the modern amenities sought by users. In an architectural sense much of the
focus is on theory within the academy, while the actual development of a great deal of architecture is not produced
by university trained architects. There are few better national examples than Japan and India as they seek through
laws and standards as well as architectural artistic vision to reinvent the visions of the past with modern buildings
that meet modern needs including infrastructural needs to express safety, convenience and ergonomics but do not
deny regionalism.
The greatest challenge for both India and Japan in the modern world of architecture is to define what is regional
and what is modern and make it fit in a global architectural vision, without framing a loss of national identity as a
natural outgrowth. In both India and Japan the architectural industry including not just university trained architects
relying heavily on theory and international trends but on lay designers who often make up the bulk of national
designers and builders, struggle with the marriage of international views and standards in

The Architecture Elements Of Roman And Roman Architecture
Italy was founded on 21April 753 BC by two brothers, Romulus and Remus. Rome has been a dominant empire
throughout the age of time and its influence on the modern world is still in manifest. One of the major driving
forces that aided the Romans in maintaining their power was the phenomenal architectural principles that their
structures possessed throughout the city of Rome. The Romans applied three elements in which was used in order
to perfect various elements such as their architectural structures, concrete, vaults and arch's. Rome was recognized
for more than just their achievements as a city, but they were also acknowledged for being founders of additional
big cities such as London and Paris in which elevated to their levels of dominance and power.
Ancient Rome leaders who were strongly engaged with architecture as a form of political and urban art, include:
Augustus (27 BCE–14 CE), Tiberius (14–37), Caligula (37–41), Claudius (41–54), Nero (54–68), Vespasian (69–
79), Titus (79–81), Domitian (81–96), Trajan (98–117), Hadrian (117–138), Antoninus Pius (138–161), Marcus
Aurelius (161–180), Caracalla ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The construction materials and methods that were used by romans are concrete and true arch whereas the Greeks
would make use of post, lintel and marble. The preferred architectural orders in which the Romans would make
use of were Corinthian and in comparison the Greeks would make use of Doric and ionic orders in their buildings.
The most famous temples that were built by the Greeks and Romans was The Parthenon, in which was dedicated
to Athena, located in Athens and The Pantheon in which was dedicated to all the gods situated in the city of Rome.
In the Parthenon ceremonies were held outside of the Greek temple, whereas in The Pantheon ceremonies were
held on the inside of the

Thesis On Film And Architecture
Film and Architecture
ABSTRACT:
Film and architecture are similar. Both involve space, movement and time. Architecture is one of the great hinges
on which the world of the film turns. Architecture and film are works of art, but they also inspire creative art
practices.
Space and time can be related to each other beautifully when it comes to Film and Architecture. They both engage
the viewer, one by projecting moving images while the viewer is still, the other by being still while the viewer
moves. Both architecture and film play an important role in influencing how we physically and imaginatively
interact with the world around us.
This thesis intends to investigate the interplay of film and architecture by following two paths.
The first involves ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is mostly used as a backdrop or a prop to support the main action. The use of architecture in film is a spatial
perception of physical space either using real space or designed spaces (Film set). INTENTIONS:
This thesis intends to showcase the process and techniques through which a film is created and the potential to
provide theories that can be reincorporated into architectural design.
This thesis intends to establish a program for both film creation and display.
This thesis intends to investigate films through the questions,
What is filmed?
How the medium of film achieved the manipulation of space?
How can these film techniques can be reincorporated into architectural design?
SITE:
This project intends to deal with the proposal of film creation and display
GOALS & OBJECTIVES:
This thesis aims to
RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
How the medium of film achieves the manipulation of space?
Is there a way that film techniques can be reincorporated into architectural practice?
What are the concerns related to selection of the

Architecture As Landscape Of Memory
Architecture as landscape of memory.
An exploratory journey into the role of memory in architecture.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Memory voices once recognised command us to create, and to memorialize what we remember. Both architect and
writers endow their glittering memories with form and prepare places for them to rest.
A.S. BYATT
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Martina Terracciano
Mentor: Kaye Newman
BA (Hons) Interior Design
Student ID: 11043218
Module: CP6010
The Cass Dissertation
May–2015
Content
Illustrations
Abstract
01. Introduction
02. Philosophical Concepts
The Memory system and the relation to place
The architect as a writer
Further estimation: Marc Treib, Juhani Pallasma, Mario Botta
03. Case studies
Memories and Modernism
Carlo Scarpa a collage of architectural events, images and fragment of memory
The Washington Holocaust Memorial Museum as a framework of emotion
04. Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendices
Glossary

01. Introduction
Architecture moves us. It can comfort us or intimidate us; it can enlighten us or mystify us; it can bring joy or tear
at our hearts. Architecture moves us by touching three layers of memory. Through primal space it can touch our
deepest emotional core; evoking shadow memories of the womb, the cave, the forest, and light. It can recall
memories of culture, or our

Why Is Vernacular Architecture
"Is Vernacular Architecture obsolete?"
Traditional Kampung houses
Vernacular architecture is an architectural style based on local needs, living environment, availability of building
materials and local traditions. This style remains significant within the 21st century as many of the architectural
concepts care still applicable to modern design techniques. The traditional Kampung houses of the Southeast Asian
region is a primary example of this, developing its own distinctive approach to accomodate the tropical
environment of which aspects regarding thermal control, construction and community can still be learnt from
today.
Kampung villages are found in nations in the humid tropics which are generally characterised as monsoonal and
have an average temperature of 27 degrees(c) year round. Because of this, architecture within this region has to be
strategically designed to handle such environmental pressures with adequate ventilation, thermal comfort and
climate defence capacities.
Kampung houses are built with many windows and doors and very few interior walls to let in natural light and
allow for maximum air flow through the building to channel out hot air. The houses sit on raised stilts, this helps
capture winds of a higher velocity and in turn provides cross ventilation which is important to passive design. It
also allows the structures to avoid potential flooding during the wet season and provides residents an aspect of
defence from dangerous wildlife.
Roofs of

Architecture And Design Of Architecture
Architecture
An architect plans, designs and construct structures. Architects can design many things like a shopping mall, a
library, skyscrapers, and so much more. Architecture is a very interesting career that I would like to learn more
about. I will be discussing why I chose to research this career and the different types of architects there are, the
average annual salary an architect makes, what they do on a daily bases, how much education you need to be an
architect, and the pros and cons about being an architect. Not only will I be discussing these topics, but I will also
research what tools an architect uses, the best places for an architect to live at, and the top schools to get an
architecture degree (Shapiro).
Architecture ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are residential architecture, commercial or public architecture, industrial architecture, landscape
architecture, and green architecture. Residential architecture focuses on designing homes. A lot of the times a
residential architect will work with private clients. Commercial or public architecture focus more on public
buildings like shopping malls, hospitals, airports, and other public places. Industrial architecture is more of an
engineer. They work with building bridges, dams, and other technical projects. Then there is landscape
architecture, which focuses on outdoor areas. This type of architect will design gardens, parks, lawns, and other
public destinations that are outside. Last, there is green architecture. Green architecture works with buildings that
are friendly to the environment.
What an architect does on a daily basis is draw a plan for a building before constructing a building. Architects will
use a lot of their creativity side of how they want the building to look. They will make models of the building.
Most of the time an architect will be talking to the clients, engineers and contractors. When talking to clients, it
will be about what they want added to the plan or what they want changed. Not only will they be talking to their
clients and contractors, but they will also be going to a lot of meetings and even talking

Organic Architecture: The Different Forms Of Organic...
The organic concept is borrowed from biology, organism is related to the organism or evolved from the organism.
The organic nature of the building is an analogy of the building's organism in nature, and the architect seeks to
show Similar to the natural order, to seek the building of their own elements and the building and the environment
between a harmonious and unified relationship. The architectural organic embodied in many aspects, I would
mainly from the architectural point of view to explore the organic building.
Talking about comparison of forms of Organic Design architecture. Organic design is more modernist and
progressive style in the history. Until now we still can see Organic shape and form in some other designs.
Kunsthaus Graz ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This holistic design has been described as "living art". As early as the Middle Ages, sculptors had studied plant
morphology and understood that the external form of plants was always manifested as a function or subject to the
needs of the organism; in the mid–eighteenth century, after the combination of aesthetic research and psychology,
Constitute the comparison in the organic sector, it is not seen as made, but as if the plant as a natural foundation
from the vitality of the natural growth. Just as Danish design leader Kay said "The things we create should be
lifeful, there are beats in the heart, and there should be vitality and warmth." Similarly, the Swedish Industrial
Design Association also believes that everything should reach the purpose it is trying to achieve, a chair to sit up to
be comfortable, a table can give a comfortable work or dining, – bed sleep should be comfortable. In general, the
organic design is to learn the things of nature combined with the idea of the designer to create a harmonious theme
of man and

Green Architecture and the Environment
Introduction
Green Architecture
Definition and Origin
Green architecture or Sustainable building is the practice of building homes which are environment friendly and
resource efficient throughout its life time. It is a way of reacting to the global economic crisis, environmental
issues, growing human population, destruction of natural resources and the loss of biodiversity. While it may seem
that this practice started only a few decades ago when environmentalists and conservationist were given life, the
ancient people put it up to use already way back in their own times. The Anasazi Indians, for example, had built
their homes in oriented in the path of light during the day. This provided them with enough heating and sunlight
for their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And one way to do this is by having a good water and waste management. Through this management water usage
would be efficient and at the same time effective. And one way to manage water is by applying grey water system.
This system says that used water is not totally useless, and thus can be used for something else like gardening.
About 28% of the freshwater are used for toilets. To lessen this, composting toilets can be used. Composting toilets
aerobic decomposition. Another way of utilizing water is by rainwater harvesting. Rainwater Harvesting is a
process that accumulates and stores freshwater from the rain and the accumulated water is then used for other
household purposes such as gardening.
Building placement and size are also considered in Green Architecture. Although manyt may envision a green
building in a rural, forested environment, this building placement may be detrimental to its surrounding. The
wastes that the household produces end up lying around their home. Plus, the cost of energy required for
transportation is higher when you are away from the suburb. This may cause higher carbon emissions too. Green
buildings are also preferably small in size. This is to minimize the waste produced by the household from cleaning,
air conditioning etc. Also, architects suggest that green houses be one–storey to maximize space and lessen wastes.
Benefits of Green Architecture Not using high VOC containing

Architecture And Architecture: The Basic Elements Of...
Architecture is the science and art of constructing buildings, according to some proportions and rules determined
by the character and destination of the buildings. The act of creating architecture is a kind of design process in
which the arrangement and the organization of architectural elements are promoted in order to solve a spatial
problem in response to conditions of function, purpose, form and context. Francis Ching said that architecture can
be described as an apparatus to solve the problems of spatial configuration on the realm of architectural order by
articulating the elements of design vocabulary which consists of the basic elements of architectural form and
space. Architecture is the most well–known field to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The collection of spaces ,it is created big spaces such as a building space. "The space is the three–dimensional
field In which objects and events occur and have relative position and direction, esp. a portion of that field set
apart In a 9lven Instance or for a particular purpose." FRANCIS D.K. CHING , A Visual dictionary of architecture
2.1.2 Components of the space When create a plummy space basically use basic elements and some basic
principles as components. Architectural design is a component of the desire for order in the manner by which we
choose to control our living environment; providing space for desired activities and establishing a place within the
world itself. First we discuss basic elements of architectural space.
1. Line
2. Colour
3. Shape/ form
4. Mass
5. Value
6. Texture
Basically these elements are reviewed independently, it should be remembered that they are inherently linked,
acting on and contributing to each other's influence in the design

The Importance Of Architecture
In everyday life, most people experience the work of Architects in many forms, like a school, or perhaps a house.
However, architecture is much more than just the design of buildings and houses. It is a vital part of the
construction process, which is a main component of the Gross Domestic Product, and can effect or be effected by
local or national economies. Its importance is undervalued in the workforce, and its effect on the economy is
underrated. Architecture is effected by the amount of raw materials, and the willingness of people to spend money
on new developments or buildings. Architecture affects the economy by supplying new sources of revenue, such as
new sports arenas, shopping malls, and infrastructure projects, while ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If these are not present, there is no opportunity to break ground on, and even plan new projects. The demand for
architecture is directly related to the economic state at a current time. As the economy grows in prosperity, the
demand for architecture increases. This is because architecture relies on the ability to spend money to buy land and
develop buildings. When an economy is in a recession, there is less money circulating in an economic system,
meaning less can be used to develop land or to buy land. "In a recession people tend to save money because there
is a fall in confidence. If people expect to be made unemployed then you don't want to spend and borrow, it is less
risky to save" (Pettinger 2008). In 2008, the United States was struck by a recession, which caused a massive
downturn in the production of the industries of architecture and construction. "The financial crisis of 2008 had an
outsized impact on the design and construction industries. No sector of the economy was hit harder than were
construction (both residential and nonresidential), architecture, and engineering." (O'Brien 2014) The fields of
Architecture and Construction were hit unprecedentedly hard due to the fact that the housing bubble had burst, and
the ownership for houses reached its lowest rate since 1967 in 2015 according to CNBC.
IV.
Architecture is a vital component of a major portion of the United States' Gross

Gothic Architecture : Architecture And Architecture
To the modern day reader, the term "Gothic" can often be confused with a certain genre of style involving men and
women who wear baggy clothes, black eyeliner and lip–stick and spike their hair and has very little to do with the
architecture that was predominantly used from the twelfth to the sixteenth century. In fact the term "Gothic" was
coined by Renaissance Italians as a derogatory term referring to the Goths or Visigoths who were vanquished by
Clovis in the sixth century and left no monumental trace of their invasion and therefore had no influence on what
is now remembered as Gothic architecture. Despite the negative connotation behind this style of architecture, it has
had an enormous impact on the history of architecture.
Prior to Romanesque and Gothic architecture, living accommodations were significantly simpler. Structures were
not able to support anything but wood roofs, which leaked, rotted and burned easily. Rooms were often dark
because structures were also not able to support large windows and as a result, very little light was able to enter
into buildings. Romanesque was the beginning of change, when wood roofs were replaced by stone and brick
however, Romanesque architecture was often unstable and was known to collapse upon builders as they worked.
There is some debate as to where Gothic architecture originated from, although the vast majority agree that the
Gothic style began began in France. There is, however a distinctly English Gothic, German

Architecture as a Demonstration of Power
Since the recognition of architectures aid in representing power leaders have deployed it to enhance their prestige
and represent their value within their empire. Leaders of cities such as Versailles, Isfahan and Chinese Imperial
cities have implemented architecture in countless ways to portray their own importance and power over their
people. The use of axis and baroque planning is a prime example of how leaders use city planning to enhance their
power by controlling views and how people travel though the city. Ornamentation and colour are other ideas often
used to represent power and riches by monarchs. Leaders used multiple means of architectural design to further
their power and influence over their city, not only did they use it to represent themselves but also to increase the
control they had.
Baroque planning is a prime example of how architecture can demonstrate power. Powerful rulers emerged in Italy
during the renaissance; primarily the 15th century. One of the initial places Baroque style planning was
implemented was in Italy, specifically Rome. After the decay of Rome the church needed to restore faith in the
people. They began the remodel by adopting axial streets that led to important areas of the city including churches,
fountains and views of grand buildings. This idea was later adopted by leaders to enhance their prestige and power
within their city. The purpose of the baroque layout is to display a cities strength and power. Land use was divided
into

Architecture : Online Architecture
In a traditional three–tier architecture is a client–server architecture in a company data center which consists of
presentation tier, business logic tier and data tier. Each tier is developed and maintained as an independent tier.
Presentation Tier: The Top–most level of the application is the user interface. The main function of the interface is
to translate tasks and results to something the user can understand. In simple term, it is a layer which user can
access directly such as web–based application, web browsing.
Business logic Tier: This logical tier is pulled out from the presentation tier and, as its own layer, it controls an
application's functionality by performing detailed processing.
Logic tier is where mission–critical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, identify and prioritize websites vulnerabilities, scan web applications and web services to reduce
threat exposures, data loss risk. Protect sensitive data and transactions while meeting compliance requirements
mandated by industry regulations and best practices. Also, it is best practice to routine verify firewall rule–set to
prevent unauthorized users access to sensitive data.
Frist, Traffic between the Client and the Web Server is most likely to be HTTP on Port 80 or HTTPS on Port 443.
It is extremely important that a firewall is placed between the Client and the Web Server; this will allow access
only to the HTTP or HTTPS service and block access to the other services running on the server.
Second, Traffic between the Web Server and the Application Server could either be on HTTPS, SSH, RDP or some
Custom Port. Here again, placing a firewall makes sense, as the traffic needs to be controlled between the Web
Server and Application Server and should be allowed only on specific application ports and not operating system
ports.
Third, Traffic between the Application Server and the Database server would most likely be on a SQL Port 1433.
This is where a firewall does not necessarily add value because to obtain data from the database, no special ports
are required the authorized SQL port can be used by anyone (authorized and unauthorized) to get data from the

The Origins Of Postmodernism And Architecture
This essay discusses the origins of Postmodernism in art and architecture in terms of Venturi's critique and
explains the meaning of the term "puritanical moral language." It will define alternatives posed by Venturi and
give examples of works by two Australian architects. The first architect is Glenn Murcutt, whose love of the
Australian landscape has been the inspiration for many of his buildings. The second is architectural firm McBride
Charles Ryan, a partnership of Debbie Ryan (Interior Designer) and Rob McBride (Architect) whose vision is to
provide innovative solutions and technical excellence with its unique designs.
Typically modernity was a time where the industrial revolution treated the building in the same way it responded
to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The postmodernists with their historical citations rebelled against the dogmatic modernists. The term Postmodern
was applied to architecture and Robert Venturi formulated an antifunctionalist thesis in his book, "Complexity and
Contradiction in Modern Architecture," 1966 and later "Learning from Vegas" 1971. Buildings and billboards in
Las Vegas were re–evaluated for functionality.
Postmodernism, oppositional of modernism, exhibits the failures of modernism with its inferior structure, use of
cheap materials and simplistic design, a perfect recipe for a disaster and developers. There is an absence of
humanism in its buildings and a lack of engagement with its environment and the viewer. The postmodern building
is the historical reference of style through use of ornamentation dating back to the Arts and Crafts, Art Deco and
Art Nouveau Movements, good use of colour, a sense of humour and irony and signage that is independent of
function. Venturi's "puritanical moral language" is his way of stating that you can have both, and not be restricted
to and/or; however it can't compromise the form or the function of the building. There has to be a visual language
between the building and its inhabitants and a balance between functionality and aesthetic, and when one is
compromised, the design fails.
Australian architect Glenn Murcutt pours his creativity into smaller projects that let him work alone and design
economical

Architecture Analysis
When humans described architecture common synonyms that they might use would being design, building,
planning, engineering, shape, color and more other words. My definition of architecture is by using the
combination of art and math. The architect main goal to design a structure that is going to make the client
comfortable. In order to give the client what they need and what they have to be comfortable in the space that the
architect is planning for them. It's important for architects to know the average measurement for thinks like the
hallway, room, bathroom, etc. Knowing all those measurement is where math comes to play. You have a piece of
land and by using math you have to measure out everything in order to organize how to fix everything you need.
Without coming to the client uncomfortable by having everything to big or too small. No matter what you're
dealing with if it's a house, hotel, office building in order for an architecture to construct a functional and
comfortable structure its have to within the guidelines of the codes. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That's been art comes to play. The art of architecture is what make a client in invest in the structure. Having art
gives the structured life. For the architect, their canvas is the plot of land that they have to build. It's up to the
architect to create the structure into a masterpiece for the community. Is math is to make the structure safe and the
art is hat makes the structure appealing to the humans eyes. You can define architecture many ways and they all
can be right. Architecture is a different language that only a few set of individual can learn

Architecture Vs. Buildings Architecture Essay
Architecture vs. Buildings When I read the book Seven Lamps of Architecture, John Ruskin opened my mind to
the idea that a "building does not become architecture merely by the stability of what it erects". Architecture is
more than just a mere building. "Architecture is the art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by man,
for whatsoever uses, that the sight of them may contribute to his mental health, power, and pleasure." (John
Ruskin) Even though all architectures is buildings not all buildings are architectural.
Many people believe that a building is just a building, but just like there is a difference between a building
designer and an architect, there is a difference between a building and an architectural feat. Take for example, the
modern day skyscraper, a tall box that isolates its inhabitants. Where it is impressive it does not constitute for
architecture. Architecture is like (as Ole Scheeren puts it) a human body. Each person is different and yet we all
have the same organs. Even though different buildings must have the same functions that does not mean that they
must look the same. So, there 's a difference but why should I care? A project was created to answer the question
"Why Architecture?" There they discover that, "Our conception of reality is not a product of our individual beliefs,
nor is it merely the presence of something that exists outside of us. Our conception of reality is built. The fact that
we share a similar view of reality

Antoni Gaudi: Architecture, Architecture And Architecture
Architects have a major importance in characterizing a city through their concept and building design. As time
goes on, a lot of architect are creating new styles and new methods of construction; these architects get inspired by
different things and create their own concept and style, sometimes there are similarity between architects' styles.
One architect who stood out of the crowd and created a very distinctive style is Antoni Gaudi. Gaudi was a
Spanish architect whose work is very identified as it can be known through its organic structure, colors, and
materials. What really differentiate Antoni Gaudi is his controversial new style. Antoni Gaudi's main inspiration
was nature and he implemented it very clearly in his buildings. Gaudi was a religious man and he believed that
God exists in nature therefor, he chose nature as his inspiration. He understood that nature is full of curved forms.
In his vision, nature can be clarified by geometry and structure which means by understanding the power that
gives nature its appearance. Gaudi engaged himself in studying geometry and the structural form, from the human
body to the sea and its creatures (Pier, 2010). Sagrada Familia's façades, Gaudi's most famous building, are based
on the golden ratio which appears in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His strong concept that integrated with his very wide imagination created a very unique style that cannot be
repeated in the history of art. Looking at his creations and the great difference he made in architecture, no one can
deny the great person and architect he was. Gaudi dedicated himself for work which became his family and his
whole life; his dedication made his name as one of the greatest men in the history of art. All Antoni Gaudi's
buildings are outstanding and they force their existence. "He was his own man, the only 'Natural' in the Age of the
Machine" (Gough, 2002, para.

The Architecture in Brazil
The architecture in Brazil is amongst the world's most progressive and multicultural construction, creating a visual
melting pot. The diversity and multicultural ideas resonate within the architectural designs of each specific
architect designing in the country. Brazilians have vastly different architectural styles that are unique to their
culture, especially modern styled buildings, utilizing cultural aspects from a mixed background. There are plenty
of examples of various architects, from the area and from abroad, that bring their own ideas and designs but mix
them with local architectural ideas. A comparison between the native architect's design and the global architects'
design for Brazil illustrate the diversity of the architecture in the country. The designs may use similar styles but
can vary quite a bit, revealing on the architect's background and cultural tendencies. The history of Brazil is unique
to many other South American countries and helps account for the multiculturalism throughout the country and its
architecture. Brazil was colonized by Portuguese explorers centuries ago, and this culture has continued to
influence the look and feel of this country. After colonization, the Dutch and Portuguese brought a number of
slaves to the country, mostly from areas in Africa. (Fausto) The native Brazilians and the slaves both were forced
to assimilate to the Portuguese and Dutch western and catholic influenced cultures. However, this was not totally

Wainwright Architecture
After the industrial revolution, the development of frame construction, invention of elevator, and rise of office
work made the emergence of skyscraper an inevitable product of social and technological forces, predominantly in
the American cities of New York and Chicago. This marked a significant transform of architecture style from
classical to modern. With the conversion of design concept to be more utilitarian, less classical ornamentations
were incorporated in the design of early skyscrapers like those of most of the medieval architectures had did.
However, the Wainwright building must be an exception and meanwhile an outstanding example of architectural
innovations about functional aestheticism. Its Steel–skeleton structure was cladded ... Show more content on
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Terra Cotta, an Italian words meaning "baked earth", is a durable, flexible, and fireproof building material that
made of clay. One of its largest advantages is that no matter how intricate design patterns, it can be casted into any
applicable shapes. The modeling task is much easier and can be reusable compared with other casting materials,
especially with a limited range of modeling tools. Small details that was hard to be achieved in the stone carving
can be accomplished easily in the malleable material, and once burned under a high temperature, terra cotta will
harden and make it shapes like strong masonry(but comparatively lightweight and cheap in cost). Since its
versatile characteristics, terra cotta became a favorite material of Sullivan when designing the ornamentation part
of the Wainwright building, and such delicate task will be never executed by using other

Modern Architecture: Main Concepts Of Architecture,...
Modern Style Modern architectural style Widely considered to be the newest and youngest form of architectural
style, this style requires the architects to design structures while considering important features such as function,
location site, and environment. This is a very important concept to remember for modern architects. The main
function of any building is to define its form; this notion was coined by Louis Sullivan, a mentor to Lloyd Wright.
This creates the idea behind the development of modern architectural style. When Lloyd Wright designed his
residential house, he actually adhered to the landscape surrounding the home. Keeping in mind of the building site,
he designed a home floor plan that matched it. Modern architectural style designers are therefore expected to
design their buildings with respect to the functions of the building and the landscape around it. This principle
makes all of the buildings assembled through modern architectural style to be unique regardless of the particular
architect. The modern architectural style allows the architect to showcase to the world the natural form of the
building. This style requires the architects to design buildings with exposed features. Homes modelled based on
this style tend to be very aesthetic and comfortable to the residents. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The internal walls tend to be used by architects to create more rooms for other functions apart from the intended
use. Modern houses are more flexible compared to both contemporary and traditional houses. The home designs
are always built with respect to the topography of the area. The designs of the modern buildings utilize glass walls
to connect the exterior and the interior spaces, as well as, the external and internal environments surrounding and
within the home. These glass walls are also important because they enable for sharing of natural lighting between
the exterior and interior floor

Personal Statement For Architecture
"Architecture is just visual art unless you put a function to the creation." My passion for arts was identified by my
parents when I was in Class 9, which gave me an insight and motivation of wanting to do something creative. I
pursued architecture from Babu Banarasi Das University which soon made me realize that learning architecture
gives me immense eternal joy and satisfaction. My interest in designing and sketching is also in line with the study
of history of Architecture, urban design, landscape architecture, graphics and communications. Therefore, I extend
my great desire to pursue my education in a safe and a beautiful country like Australia.
Architecture has always taught me that the overall objective of an architect is to find a balance ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will utilize acquired learning and resources in my professional journey to setup my own architecture
entrepreneurial venture five years down the line. These aspirations along with the passion to learn and transform
my dreams into reality have brought me to the decision of pursuing graduate study at this moment. In conclusion I
would be privileged if I get the honor to be a part of this elite

The Importance Of Architecture And Architecture
Introduction
In the Ottoman period, a new art direction was appeared and spectaculars perspectives were born. Due to the
expansion of territories by the Ottoman Empire, several sciences, fields and theories were developed. One of these
fields was architecture; the Ottomans constructed several public buildings and edifices were shared the perfection
in structure and in aesthetic value. The mosques are the most influenced edifices in this period because the
Ottomans practiced Islam, besides the increasing in Muslim population and the annexation of new lands to the
Ottoman Empire, the construction of mosques was required. Another essential factor in the development of the
mosques architecture is a thriving economy. The Ottomans constructed the buildings with luxurious architectures
such as fenestrations spreading over the shaft of the dome to reflect the glory of exterior of the mosques. We can
conclude that the construction method, in the Ottoman period, is influenced by the Ottoman culture, the Islamic
regulations called Shariah and several issues such as climate and materials used in building. Also, we can see the
effect of byzantine architecture on the Ottoman buildings.
However, several innovative contributors appeared in the Ottoman period such as Sinan (figure 1), he is genius in
art and architecture and he constructed approximately 400 buildings. Sinan affected the Ottoman archeticture in a
direct way by introducing new ideas; his works have aesthetic value besides the

The Architecture Of Gothic Architecture
Known for its pointed arches, flying buttresses, and detailed tracery, Gothic architecture emerged in 12th–century
northern France, and the style continued into the 16th century . Gothic architecture was called, Opus Francigenum
("French work"), during the time. The term Gothic, first appearing during the late part of the Renaissance period.
Gothic Architecture is wonderful on its own, how detailed, and ornate a concrete building can be finished with
colorful stained–glass windows. The famous architects helped to create these building masterpieces of the century,
and that became popular in other countries around the world, and still today. One of the towering achievements in
the world architecture, the unique product of an era of peace, and widespread economic prosperity, deep
spiritually, and extraordinary technological innovations.
With these great gothic style building appearing in Europe, there had to be architects behind the projects. Some of
the most famous architects of the early gothic (1140–1194), high gothic (1194–1300), and late gothic (1300–1500)
are, Jean D'Orbais, Jean Le Loup, Gaucher De Reims, Bernard De Soissons, and Abbot Suger of Saint–Denis. The
patron, and client, for the first Gothic style building – Abbot Suger, wrote his views on the symbolism, at St.
Denis, built between (1140–1144), but did not record the architect's name. Jean D'Orbais' designed the first tracery
rose window, and was a major milestone in church construction. Considering we don't

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of societies. From Greek temples to Egyptian pyramids, study the famous structural finesse and long lasting
qualities of the world's most important formations. By studying architectural terminology as new concepts are
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Artist Camp gives students a hands–on experience with the artistic traditions of the different regions of the world.
Every lesson creates opportunities to get creative by exploring the STEM processes that make each type of art
possible, such as the water tension involved in Japanese suminagashi paper or the golden ration incorporated in
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Architecture And Architecture: The Components Of Architecture
One precipitant arts that belong to the phrase that architecture is the mother of the arts of those arts which is color
I think what characterize the architecture are the compact components with each other and the make up of the
architectural layout and the physical structure , Starting from the surface of the components of texture and color
and the end of its components in the form of mass and vacuum. We will illustrate the physical structure of the
work of the architect of during one of the elements of this structure, namely color. Color has its latent strength and
apparent ability to change configurations and shapes, also it has a psychological effects on mood and behavior.
(4)
Color is part of human life, and if we look at the world ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Architectural sculpture has been employed by builders throughout history.
Although the architecture is the mother of sculpture, but there is a big difference between sculpture and
architecture A sculpture is a three–dimensional work. Architecture on the other hand, is the creating and shaping
form and space . This is the main difference between sculpture and architecture.
Sculpture means the carving of wood, iron , silver or any other metal with artistic creativity. It can be considered
one of the fine art. On the other hand, architecture includes fine appeal. Sculpture includes creative appeal. We
find that both sculpture and architecture appeal to the human mind.
Museums, churches, castles, hotels and office buildings are architectural creations. It is interesting to find that
several architectural building or landmarks or wonders exist even today. They include cathedrals , castles and
museums ,designed by famous architects
Architecture requires the study of engineering and engineering mathematics. Sculpture requires creativity and
imagination. It does not depend on measurement. On the other hand, architecture depends on

Athenian Civic Architecture
The Evolution of Athenian Civic Architecture through the Hellenistic Period
Evolution is the process in which there is a gradual development of something, from a simple to a very complex
form. No matter how we look at it, the theory of evolution is all around us. The world is constantly evolving
around us, strides and discoveries are being made in history, science, and technology every day and will continue
to do so long after our time on earth has ended. In order to grow you have to start at a small base. From that base
you must learn, adapt, and evolve into what you are to become down the road. The Hellenistic period was a time in
history that can be seen as a time of evolution for an entire culture. Ancient architecture made a leap from ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Being able to take every aspect and have them work together in unison to help bring an architects idea to life is
something truly amazing. During the Hellenistic era, they were living on the borderline of the history of mankind.
The change involved the city environment as places of sharing, but above all being humans. Cities, buildings, and
machines were changing quickly, and people became aware of the changes and quickly had to adapt to them. This
could be seen as a process of evolution or mutation as the cities are changing to fit their current inhabitants
survival needs and dependencies. If the architectural advances were not made during the Hellenistic period,
chances are that architecture as a whole would have continued to make advances, but not at the speed it originally
did. The evolution of architecture in the Hellenistic period opened the door for organized and structurally built
cities. These same techniques and concepts used then can be found in capital cities and suburban living spaces
around the world. This evolution had a heavy influence on the western world and how they construct their own
towns and cities. Because of this evolution, we are living in the comfort and sustainability of the towns and cities
we know and

Architecture: Words or Shapes
Arch 8011
Research Methods 2013
Jonathan Jordan, 1361176
ARCHITECTURE: WORDS OR SHAPES
Introduction
Architecture can be viewed with two different types of properties. Properties that can be seen like shapes, their
composition, the spaces they create and, the colours and textures that make up their appearance. These properties
are considered to be visual while other properties are considered to be abstract. These properties can only be
described using words; the meanings behind the architecture and the stories that can be told about it. The context,
its cultural background and its function also affects how we view architecture. The question is, what ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Centered in the house is a ramp that takes you on a journey from the underbelly of the house on the ground floor to
the main body on the first floor and then on to a roof garden. Throughout the house views of the surrounding
nature are framed, your mind is free marvel, as the forms evoke a sense of exploration and delight. Villa Savoye is
better experienced than viewed through an image, only then can you understand the greater meaning and purpose
that informs its beauty. One might argue that this is not beautiful architecture and a poor example, however upon
visiting this house you cannot deny that the house is beautiful in its own right, evoking a response from the
occupant. Le Corbusier's masterpiece is moving; therefore achieving what he believed architecture to be about.
This experience and the emotion that is felt can only be described in words. Shapes play a big role in the
architecture but clearly the meanings behind are more important.
Saint Peters Dome
The crowning jewel of Mannerist Architecture is Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. This great structure is the out
come of a series of classical revival styles that were established and developed during this course in history. This
was a time where famous architects like Brunelleschi and Michelangelo were pushing boundaries and testing new
waters. Architecture of the time was seeking to express the culture and religion through evermore ornamented and
magnificent

Traditional Architecture: The Art Of Vernacular Architecture
The term 'vernacular architecture' stands for the art of constructing buildings and shelters which is spontaneous,
environment oriented, community –based; it acknowledges no architect or treaty and reflects the technology and
culture of the indigenous society and environment ( Rudofsky, 1964). Vernacular architecture is the opposite of
high traditional architecture which belongs to the grand tradition (e.g. palace, fortress, villa etc.) and requires
special skills and expertise which an architect must have knowledge of and for which he enjoys a special position
(Rapoport, 1969). Bioclimatism refers to the passive use of the Sun's energy, i.e. its direct utilization without
transforming it into any other form of energy, either electrical, thermal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The architectural tradition of each area differed according to varying culture climate and geographic conditions.
Traditional technologies and strategies focused on adapting to the microclimate rather than challenging it. It was a
point noted 2000 years ago by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the sixth book of his 'The Ten Books on
Architecture';
'If our designs for private houses are to be correct, we must at the outset note of the countries and climates in
which they are built. One style of house seems appropriate to be built in Egypt, another in Spain, a different kind
in Pontus, one still different in Rome, and so on with lands and countries of other characteristics.'
Throughout the world, the expressions of traditional architecture are based on and adapted to local conditions. This
applies primarily to the local availability of materials and the response to climatic conditions. However the
distinctive cultural, religious and social character of a neighborhood or region may also influences the design.
(Dahl 2010).
Architecture evolved out of

Community Architecture And Cultural Architecture
The idea of 'community architecture' was not new, and it is related to our life. In relation to western and non–
western architecture to analysis 'community architecture' has a huge difference. For relatively affluent Western
countries, the spirit of 'community building' will be how to build a better environment and conditions to make
residents feel comfortable, but for non–Western countries, 'community architecture' often represents public
buildings. This dissertation will discuss what is 'community architecture', why 'community architecture' is so
special, and analysis different cases in Western and non–Western 'community architecture' to point out the
differences and values.
What is 'community architecture'?
The 'Community Architecture' ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Community architecture means that the person who inhabits it are involved in and may even be instigators of, its
creation and its management as well. The inhabitants are the clients; and the architect works for, or at least with
them––in contrast to the typical situation where architects and user never meet." () The ' community architecture'
was the newly invented notion that user participation in the environment is more important than any of another
architectural concept, especially in contrast to 'conventional architecture'. The reasons of that could be limited
resources, materials and financial.
What makes 'community architecture' different?
There are a number of important differences between 'community architecture' and 'conventional architecture'. As
the result of 'conventional architecture ' are more popular than 'community architecture', government policies and
market demand. The situation of users in 'conventional architecture' is passive recipients of an environment
conceived, executed, managed and evaluated by others: corporate, public or private sector landowners and
developers with professional 'experts '. In the relationship between user and architect is remote, arm 's length.
Little if any direct contact. Experts – commissioned by landowners and developers – occasionally make superficial
attempts to define and consult end–users. But their attitudes are mostly paternalistic and

Architecture Personal Statement
I came to the Ryerson University's Architectural Science program not knowing what to expect but what I
discovered was the true extent of my passion for design. For me, architecture successfully fuses my artistic and
scientific interests. Any architecture student can comment on the ways architecture programs push students
mentally, creatively and physically but, because I love what I do, I would not have it any other way. An
architectural education opens the door for many career paths and, ultimately, I would like to become a licensed
architect in Ontario.
Third year has marked a turning point in my attitudes towards architecture as a began to fully embrace the use of
technology in design. Previously, I had limited my use of technology and mostly relied on traditional methods
from the production of design drawings and models. However, the use of technology in the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
I am not only interested in the design of buildings but the design and impact of infrastructure, such as canals, on
cities. My interest in canals comes from a trip to Venice four years ago. For my study abroad I would like to
explore the canal cities of the Netherlands. Giethoorn, the famous Dutch village without streets, is the ultimate
canal city and it is often affectionately called "Venice of the North." Some of these cities, such as Rotterdam and
Amsterdam, are of interest to me because of the eclectic mix of historic and contemporary architecture. These
cities are also home to buildings I have used as precedents for both design and building science courses throughout
my architectural education. The canal houses of Amsterdam would be of particular interest to me in assessing the
influence of infrastructure on architecture. To understand the role of infrastructure on mobility between cities, I
hope to limit myself to traveling by rail and canal in the

How Did Architecture Influence Greek Architecture
Greek architecture is one of the most influential pieces of art in history. The structures and buildings created in
Greece helped inspired places like Rome to continue this structural design. Greeks used trade to travel around
which may have helped them create their designs, but it was mostly the Greeks' original creation. Without Greek
architecture the designs for columns and temples wouldn't have been as advanced. The Greek people made
different structures like temples for Gods that they believed in using their style of architecture. The importance of
Greek architecture in Greek life is that the Greek people used architecture to show their beliefs with temples for
their Gods, for example the Parthenon, and to build their cities uniquely. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
They used limestone and protected it with a layer of marble or they use pure white marble. Limestone and marble
were mostly used for columns, walls, and parts of buildings. Before they used stone their temple had thatch roofs
and they slowly started to use stone for durability. Brick was used, unbaked, for walls. They also used terracotta
for roof tiles.
Constructed in 432 BCE, the Parthenon was a famous temple that the Greeks made for Athena, one of the Gods
that they believed in. The Parthenon is the most famous Doric structure. Made of limestone and Pentelic marble,
"a material that was utilized for the first time", the structure's main objective was to hold the statue of Athena
made of gold and ivory.
The theater of Dionysus is a theater that the Greeks built using their surroundings. They they took advantage of the
slopes of the land to build the the seats surrounding the center. This area was used as a stage for Greek tragedies
and comedies to be presented for the public.
The Bouleuterion was a place where the city council met to speak of laws and such. The building had surrounding
steps where the council would sit and a podium in the center where the speaker would

Phenomenology and Architecture Essay
Introduction
Phenomenology can be deemed to be both an unambiguous academic research field and a theoretical design
current within contemporary architecture and is usually founded on one's experience of the materials used in
construction inclusive of their sensory characteristics. In this regard, architecture is the impetus towards
transformation and inspiration of an individual's daily existence. Unlike other forms of art, architecture employs
the immediacy of an individual's sensory perception. The complete architectural experience is dependent on many
factors such as details, materials, texture, color phenomena, transparency and shadows, time passage, etc. There is
the huge phenomenon that phenomenology does not exist in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ears are known to stroke the space edges although most contemporary cities have lost their echo effects.
Time and Solitude
Silence is another element that can be married strongly with solitude and time. Tranquility is known to be the most
vital auditory experience that is created by architecture. Architecture is known for the presentation of construction
drama silenced into matter and space besides gaining definition as the art of terrifying silence . External noise is
known to be silenced by architectural experience as it centers interest on an individual's very own existence. Like
any other existing form of art, architecture ensures that an individual is enlightened about fundamental solitude. At
one fell swoop, architecture plays the role of isolating individuals from the present situation and permits the
individual in this particular scenario to the firm and slow flow of tradition and time. Cities and buildings can also
be museums and instruments of time. They also aid us in the observation and comprehension of history's
transition. Architecture also plays the role of linking individuals to the dead; via the built environment individuals
are able to picture the somber procession a moving towards a church and the activities within the medieval street.
Architectural time is usually detained more so in great buildings where time seems to be on a standstill or pause.
So as to experience a

Community Architecture : Architecture And Architecture
What is 'Community Architecture'?
The 'Community Architecture' is kind of architectural practice between architects and users. Also, it can be
described as architect follow the wish of users or community to design the building fit the requirement by using
local materials and helps the residents to build the structure. Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) described
'Community Architecture' should follow the idea about "The aim of community architecture is to improve the
quality of the environment by involving people in the design and management of the buildings and spaces they
inhabit." () In general, architect call 'Conventional Architecture' product, nevertheless 'Community Architecture'
represents the process rather than the product and most proponents claim that the built product of 'Community
Architecture' is often better than the product of conventional architecture. "Community architecture means that the
personal who inhabit it are involved in and may even be instigators of, its creation and its management as well.
The inhabitants are the clients; and the architect works for, or at least with them––in contrast to the typical
situation where architects and user never meet." () The ' community architecture' was the newly invented notion
that user participation in the environment is more important than any of another architectural concept, especially in
contrast to 'conventional architecture'. The reasons of that could be limited resources, materials and

Modern Architecture Essays
ESSAY 1
Le Corbusier and Mies van de Rohe were two architects influenced by the contemporary movements of their time
period. Le Corbusier's architectural ideology was derived from the multiple techniques and styles he had
previously encountered through study. His early designs were expressive of the "youth style" which was
introduced to him by his instructor, L'Eplattenier. New technologies, however, began to influence his philosophies.
Le Corbusier saw potential in concrete building systems and desired to experiment with its structural abilities
through his designs. The modern industry, as well as the political disorder which came about following the First
World War, motivated his innovative design philosophies which appeared in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Style, he described, was defined by the time period in which architects practiced like building techniques and
philosophies. Michael Speaks would have attributed the lack of 'new' in the architecture of Mies van der Rohe and
Le Corbusier's era to cohesion to general manifestoes produce outside their time period. Architects from later time
periods cannot pursue the same manifesto because technological advances in design must be considered. His
arguments reveal that following a general manifesto from start to finish will produce an unchanging architecture.
Michael Speaks wrote, "I do not believe we need another manifesto in architecture, even of the incomplete,
aborted or personal variety. Architecture, it seems has suffered enough from the illusion that manifestoes matter
(except insofar as they stifle creativity) and it is time we found other ways of developing experimental practices ...
Vanguards, with their five points, seven principles and ten theses for a new architecture, draw a line that leads
straight from the manifesto to 'the new.' And because the completion of this line is best that can be hoped for, there
is nothing new about the 'new.'" If architects followed the same lines to solve the same problems, a new
architecture could not be actualized. A separation from the lines between manifesto and solution made way for
discovery of design and methods of creating 'new' architecture. Mies van der Rohe and Le

How Did Roman Architecture Influence Modern Architecture?
Architect Frank Gehry stated, "Architecture should speak of its time and place, but yearn for timelessness."
Architecture is in almost every aspect of human life. It surrounds people whether it is a home or the tall sky
scrapers all around in a big city. Architecture is created for the modern age but is often influenced by classic
architecture that makes these buildings "timeless". Modern architecture has been greatly influenced by Ancient
Roman architecture in several ways including building materials, building techniques, and building types.
I. BUILDING MATERIALS
Romans introduced a great deal of architectural innovation to the rest of the world but it is also important to
consider the foundation and the materials that have made buildings ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By definition, "Marble is limestone containing the mineral calcite that has recrystallized under heat and pressure"
(Gani, 2014, p.1). The Romans were the first to construct a building entirely from marble. Later, marble became a
widespread stone throughout the empire used for temples, statues, and other large impressive building projects.
The material was used for a number of reasons. As well as being extremely durable, the stone is fire and water
proof. The Romans made many buildings out of marble because it was able to withstand the elemental forces that
it came up against. Because of the durability of the stone, marble buildings still stand in Rome where they were
originally built. Although the material is sturdy, it can still be shaped and cut easily which made it a popular choice
among sculptors for creating sculptures. The material also polishes well making the buildings and objects that
were created from it seem even more important. Depending upon what elements were combined within the
formation of the marble, the substance could be colored which also made it valuable when creating art. Mostly
white marble was used however, it could be colored yellow, purple, green, and red if desired. Marble was
expensive so the stone was mainly kept for the use of columns and imperial projects. Marble was used for a
number of purposes in ancient Rome but it is also used for an

Aspects Of Greek Architecture : The Art Of Architecture
The art of architecture is one that has been studied for years and years. The first architects came from Rome when
the architect Vitruvius wrote De Architectura.The definition of an architect is a person who designs buildings and
in many cases also supervises their construction. On top of that there are many futuristic aspects of architecture. A
job I would be very interested in would be an architect because I enjoy the art of architecture and it's rich history.
The history of architecture is one with many important aspects. Some of the greatest architects in history have
come out of Rome. The romans introduced many of the key aspects of architecture. They made new aspects such
as vaults, domes, and bridges. Without the early discoveries from the romans who knows how we would be
constructing many buildings today. Another incredible example of elite architecture is the great pyramids in Egypt,
they were made long before we had advanced technology. The Great pyramids introduce to art of symmetry and
the excellence of the egyptian architecture. The Greeks also incorporate advanced architecture for the time period.
The Greeks use arches columns and domes just like the romans. Next is the art and beauty that is brought out
through architecture. One aspect is texture, texture on buildings make them different and match the lifestyle and
feeling of a building. After the texture there is the art that goes into architecture. One example of that is the giant
bean

The World Of Architecture And Design
Meaningful space, what is its relevance in the world of architecture and design?
A meaningful space originates from the hierarchy of form rather than aesthetic emotion. Materials we use now are
for strength not for meaningful form, spaces haven't found position of order, integration is a way of nature and
adjoining servant spaces identifies the essence of space. (A selection of Architectural Manifestos, n.d) Le
Corbusier believed architecture, sculpture and painting are dependent on space, as he discussed in his manifesto
'Ineffable Space' in 1948. (Gargiani Roberto, Rosellini Anna 2011) Louis Kahn, on the other hand, had a different
view. In 1965–69 in his writing of 'Architecture is the thoughtful making of spaces' Kahn suggests that meaningful
form characterises space. (A selection of Architectural Manifestos n.d) Le Corbusier, one of the pioneers for
modern architecture and Kahn, one of the most influential architects from the 20th Century, had two very differing
interpretations of what creates a significant space. Both Architects had great influence on the world of architecture
and design, and still their concepts are being discussed and stimulate design today. (Oxford University Press n.d)
Kahn states that the materials we now use in architecture are known for their strength, not their meaningful use of
form. The use of steel and concrete confront us; their characteristics must be in harmony with the spaces that want
to be and evoke what spaces can be. A space in

Impact Of Roman Architecture On Modern Architecture
How has Roman architecture affected us today in terms of modern architecture? Table of content:
Table of Contents
Introduction: 3
Review of Literature: 4
Methodology and Presentation of Findings: 11
Processing of Findings: 13
Conclusion: 15
Bibliography: 16
Appendix: 17
Introduction:
The purpose of this ORTO is to illustrate the extend to which Roman architecture, from the late 2nd centaury BC
to the 4th century AD, had an influence and effect of modern western architecture. Therefore the aims of my
ORTO are as follows:
Gathering information regarding Roman architecture, from the aforementioned time period, providing both
background as well as references to Roman architecture.
Providing information of the Romans' building innovations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This resulted in and innovative constructions utilising both pre existing techniques as well as new ones, which the
Romans had devised. This lead to a new outlook on design expressed in the creation of new architectural structures
such as arches, amphitheatres and improvements on pre existing structures such as granaries and residential
housing areas. The already–existing structures that the Greeks had invented, the Romans later both improved upon
and changed and decorated in different ways. Such as the changes made to Corinthian column making it more
decorative. This lead to the invention of the composite capital, which was a mixture of both the Ionic and
Corinthian columns, maintain the base and frame of the Ionic with the decorative acanthus leaves of the
Corinthian. This in term led to the redesign of the Doric column creation the Tuscan

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