Content-aware dynamic network resource allocation
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The document describes a patent for a content-aware dynamic network resource allocation system that optimizes optical bandwidth allocation. It outlines a method involving three intelligent mechanisms: a gateway for transforming application requests, a provisioning mechanism for setting up optical links, and a classification system for differentiating application traffic based on content specifications. This system aims to enhance the efficient use of abundant bandwidth in optical networks by allowing dynamic and flexible resource allocation to meet the specific needs of various applications.
Content-aware dynamic network resource allocation
- 1. US007944827B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent N0.2 US 7,944,827 B2 Wang et al. (45) Date of Patent: May 17, 2011 (54) CONTENT-AWARE DYNAMIC NETWORK 6,594,260 B1* 7/2003 Avianiet a1. ................ .. 370/389 RESOURCE ALLOCATION 6,631,134 B1* 10/2003 Zadikian et a1. .. 370/395.21 6,665,702 B1* 12/2003 Zisapel et a1. .......... .. 718/105 . _ 6,687,228 B1 * 2/2004 Fichou et a1. .. 370/232 (75) Inventors: Phll_Y-WangsNePean (CA), T31 6,850,980 131* 2/2005 Gourlay ,,,,,,, n 709/226 Lavlan, Sunnyvale, CA (Us); Ramesh 6,856,627 B2 * 2/2005 Saleh et a1. 370/397 Durairaj, Santa Clara, CA (US); 6,876,668 B1 * 4/2005 Chawla et a1. 370/468 Richard Brand’ palo Alto’ CA (Us); 6,950,391 B1 * 9/2005 Zadikian et a1. 370/219 - - 2002/0067726 A1 * 6/2002 Ganesh et a1. ....... .. 370/392 Franc” Travostmo’ Arhngton’ MA (Us) 2002/0087699 A1 * 7/2002 Karagiannis et a1. 709/227 _ _ _ 2002/0136204 Al* 9/2002 Chen et a1. ....... .. 370/352 (73) Asslgneei AW)’a 1119-, Basklng Rldges NJ (Us) 2002/0150093 A1 * 10/2002 on 61 a1. 370/389 2003/0165139 A1 * 9/2003 Chen et a1. .. 370/392 ( * ) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term ofthis 2003/0169749 A1* 9/2003 Huang et a1. ..... .. 370/401 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 2003/0210694 A1* 11/2003 Jayaraman et a1. ......... .. 370/392 U S C 154(1)) by 7 days 2005/0185654 A1 * 8/2005 Zadikian et a1. ....... .. 370/395.2l * cited by examiner (21) App1.N0.: 12/460,235 Primary Examiner * Hong Cho (22) Filed: Jul- 14-1 2009 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm * Maldjian Law Group LLC; John P. Maldjian, Esq. (65) Prior Publication Data Us 2009/0279562 A1 Nov. 12, 2009 (57) ABSTRACT _ _ Network resources allocated for particular application tra?ic Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data are aware of the characteristics of L4+ content to be transmit (63) Continuation of application No, 10/286,591, ?led on ted. One embodiment of the invention realiZes network Nov. 1, 2002, now Pat. No. 7,580,349. resource allocation in terms of three intelligent modules, (60) Provisional application NO 60/336 4 69 ?led on NOV gateway, provisioning and classi?cation. A gateway module 2 2001 ' ’ ’ ' exerts network control functions in response to application ’ ' requests for network resources. The network control func (51) Int CL tions include tra?ic path setup, bandwidth allocation and so H04L 12/26 (200601) on. Characteristics of the content are also speci?ed in the H041, 12/56 (200601) received application network resource requests. Under (52) US. Cl. .................. .. 370/230; 370/395.41; 370/401 request Of the gateway module, a Provisioning module a110 (58) Field of Classi?cation Search ................ .. 370/216, Gates network resources Such as bandwidth in Optical net 370/218’ 228, 230, 389, 392, 39521, 3952’ works and edge devices as well. An optical network resource 370/39 5 _4 1, 39 5 _43, 401 allocation leads to a provisioning optical route. Under request See application ?le for complete Search history, of the gateway module, a classi?cation module differentiates applications tra?ic according to content speci?cations, and (56) References Cited thus creates and applies content-aware rule data for edge U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS devices to forward content-speci?ed tra?ic towards respec tive provisioning optical routes. 5,893,911 A * 4/ 1999 Piskiel et a1. ............... .. 707/694 5,995,503 A * 11/1999 Crawley et a1. ............. .. 370/351 22 Claims, 4 Drawing Sheets I _________________________________________ __6A50_BITCTN____' I 5_ 8pm 6. INTRA-CADOBA CONTROL UNIT BOXES 1 : PROCESS COMMUNICATIONS *CONTROL UNIT (MASTER)| -GATEWAY | | CONTROL UNIT CONTROL UNIT CONTROL UNIT _ : (MASTER) SLAVE) "6 11B (SLAVE clPR°,sV§§%X'T'fgN I | 102 m ;@ a» "(a mu m i-CONTROL UNIT (SLAVE) ' L _______________ _ T _____________ _ 7 ____~°_R9as19wu9_____I 4. SIGNAL 8. OPTICAL SETUP 120 TO CADOBA -,’,-,LT°%’,1TE"T 112‘ 1, 105 ............ 114 104 ° = 1m 'g-Egg'gfs'é OPTIcALDEVIcEINSEJKVEQrRS?" OPTICAI-DEVICE 3. BW SIGNAL FOR CLIENT 106 PC SLIDE SERVER 2. CLIENT ACCEPT OPTICAL SLIDE CLIENT
- 5. US. Patent May 17, 2011 Sheet 4 014 US 7,944,827 B2 éMicxEzlmlSztL MES lS1$9vii5gvaL8nT2c:i1 i: 681a 15$58212 2M,; E902m52 WE2305 80E0%2 25 0 #1056 8Q50:5 89%55g ATm9 i930 /A2525/6. 0.P152 %085 E05m %8i 5%. $2.S2‘V1 E 1V 1QQ 1.. 8.M1ml.um!“.m “. m..1.: / .." . |l. m?Eyw0wvw0/8 < NNE#0: 50 . ‘.@1.PMu.92 ..5M6 .50“’ 0 1 .0‘1ow 2“1u01 F Sh1.L0w 18a.‘m : ..AM‘..éi,z. i w a . .5 ..5 % ..230 $095 @w5#w:é1?2é
- 6. US 7,944,827 B2 1 CONTENT-AWARE DYNAMIC NETWORK RESOURCE ALLOCATION CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation of US. patent applica tion Ser. No. 10/286,591, ?ledNov. 1, 2002 now US. Pat. No. 7,580,349 which claims priority to US. Provisional Applica tion No. 60/336,469, ?led Nov. 2, 2001 . The entire contents of which are speci?cally incorporated herein by reference. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to content-aware dynamic network resource allocation in a network such as the Internet and in one embodiment to content-aware dynamic optical bandwidth allocation. The Internet is a data transport network including legacy networks and optical networks. The legacy networks exist at the outer edge of the Internet and use copper wires to connect client systems and electronic routers/switches. The optical networks form the backbone of the Internet and use ?bers to connect optical cross connects or switches. Between the legacy networks and optical networks are edge devices, which are electro-optic. Well-developed optical transport technology brings an ever-increasing amount of bandwidth to the Internet. How ever, with conventional network technology, end clients have little ability to exploit optical network resources for their own purposes. As a result, there is abundant bandwidth available in the backbone of the Internet. In fact, a number of emerging Internet applications such as storage area network and streaming media intend to take greater advantage of the abun dant bandwidth. These applications are dynamically initiated and provide a variety of content data over the IP protocol. More speci?cally, conventional network technology has the following drawbacks. 1. Static Provisioning of Optical Links Conventional network resource provisioning establishes ?xed links to connect customer networks. For example, the optical provisioning is static, ?xed bandwidth, and usually takes a long time, e.g., on the order of a month, because it involves inter-network-provider service negotiations and is accomplished manually. 2. Cost of the Optical Link Bandwidth is Not Divided Among Many Users and Provisioning Bandwidth is Not Flex ible Conventionally, provisioning an optical link (e.g., OC-48) means that a customer owns the full link bandwidth (i.e., 2.5 Gbps). This customer is fully responsible for the cost of the optical link. The cost is signi?cant and the optical link band width use is often inef?cient. On the other hand, a number of users can share an optical link but they are not guaranteed a speci?ed portion of the bandwidth. 3. Existing Signaling Protocols Not Supported by Optical Gear Applications can send their bandwidth requirements to the network using existing Internet signaling protocols such as Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). These protocols are at the Internet protocol (IP) layer, i.e., the layer 3 (L3), of the ISO Open System Interconnection reference model and require hardware support at network devices. However, opti cal devices perform data transport at the physical (L1) or the link (L2) layer and thus application signals are not processed in optical networks. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 2 4. Optical Bandwidth Provisioning is Not Aware of the Content of Application Traf?c Conventional bandwidth provisioning is based on the TCP/ IP characteristics of tra?ic ?ow, which include IP protocol types, source and destination IP addresses, and TCP/UDP source and destination port numbers of tra?ic packets. Such provisioning is limited for L4 or higher-layer content differ entiation because a client may use applications that deal with multiple content traf?c streams at the same time. For example, audio and video applications employ different types of content and have different bandwidth requirements. On the other hand, optical networks do not support content differen tiation because optical devices do not process IP packets. Prior attempts to solve the problems described above include the following. 1. Intserv/RSVP RSVP is the Intserv ReSerVation Protocol under the Inter net Engineering Task Force (IETF) and is used by applica tions to signal the network for bandwidth reservations for IP traf?c. However, RSVP is thought to be not scalable because backbone routers cannot maintain the ?ow status for all reserved tra?ic passing by. In addition, optical gear does not accept RSVP signals from end applications because RSVP is an L3 IP protocol. 2. ATM Within an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network, applications can invoke the ATM user-network interface (UNI) to establish virtual circuits with particular bandwidth assignments. However, the ATM UNI is not applicable for non-ATM applications. 3. GMPLS GMPLS (Generalized MultiProtocol Label Switching) is a known protocol of tra?ic path establishment for next-genera tion optical network. GMPLS is applied with the emerging ASTN (Automatic Switch Transport Network) technology. However, GMPLS does not support granular bandwidth requests from individual clients nor does it allocate band width based on the content of application traf?c. Thus, there remains a need to more fully and effectively exploit the abundant bandwidth existing at optical networks. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to content-aware dynamic network resource allocation. In one embodiment the network resource of interest is optical bandwidth and this embodiment is termed content-aware dynamic optical bandwidth alloca tion (CADOBA). Although the following often refers to the CADOBA embodiment, those of skill in the art will appreci ate that one can use the present invention to allocate other network resources in addition to bandwidth. CADOBA enables clients at end legacy networks to manipulate the network resources of backbone optical networks for their own purposes. One embodiment of the invention provides three intelligent mechanisms: 1) a gateway mechanism operative to transform application requests in an application transparent way to intelligent network control; 2) a provisioning mecha nism operative to perform optical link or lightpath setup and bandwidth allocation; and 3) a classi?cation mechanism operative to differentiate application tra?ic based on L4+ content characteristics and to forward content streams to the provisioned routes (optical links or lightpaths). Another embodiment of the invention provides a method for performing content-aware optical bandwidth allocation over a network including an edge device and an optical con trol unit. Typically networks include client systems, legacy networks, optical networks and edge devices connecting the
- 7. US 7,944,827 B2 3 legacy networks with the optical networks. Both legacy and optical networks have network control units. A control unit can be a part of a network device, or it can be an associated device. Both legacy and optical networks have network domains. An ISP network is an example of a network domain. All network devices in a network domain are managed in a similar way. The method includes: receiving signal tra?ic of applica tions from the edge device; determining a network resource request for a particular application data tra?ic with content speci?cation from a received signal; communicating with an optical control unit to allocate a network resource to provide a network resource provisioned route, and creating rule data for the edge device to forward content-speci?c application tra?ic onto the network resource provisioned route. Still another embodiment of the invention provides a sys tem for performing content aware optical bandwidth alloca tion over a network including an edge device and an optical control unit. The system includes a gateway module, a pro visioning module in communication with the gateway mod ule and a classi?cation module in communication with the gateway module. The gateway module, in communication with the edge device, receives signal tra?ic of applications from the edge device and determines, from the signal traf?c, a bandwidth request associated with a content-speci?ed tra?ic. The provisioning module receives a provisioning request from the gateway module regarding the bandwidth request for speci?ed content tra?ic, and communicates with an optical control unit to allocate optical bandwidth to provide a provi sioned optical route. The provisioning module also commu nicates with the edge device to allocate the appropriate band width for the content-speci?ed tra?ic forwarding towards a provisioned optical route; The classi?cation module receives a content classi?cation request from the gateway module, and, based on the classi? cation request, creates a content-aware traf?c routing rule for the edge device to forward speci?ed content traf?c to the provisioned bandwidth route. These and other features of the invention are more fully set forth with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following descrip tion and apparent from the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters refer to the same parts. FIG. 1 shows an example of a network incorporating one embodiment of a CADOBA system according to the inven tion; FIG. 2 shows a breakdown of a network device, such as the content switch shown in FIG. 1, into a transport unit and a control unit; FIG. 3 shows CADOBA subsystems that make up one embodiment of the CADOBA system, the CADOBA system residing on a control unit of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 shows an interaction between the gateway sub system of FIG. 3 and a transport unit of an edge device; FIG. 5 shows an interaction from a client application, a transport unit of an edge device to the CADOBA subsystems of FIG. 3; FIG. 6 shows an interaction between the provisioning sub system of FIG. 3 and elements of legacy and optical networks of FIG. 1; 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 4 FIG. 7 shows an interaction between the classi?cation sub system of FIG. 3 and an edge device such as the electronic content switch of FIG. 1; FIG. 8 shows the ?ow of application tra?ic through a portion of a network after operation of one embodiment of a CADOBA system according to the invention; and FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of a large network incorporating one embodiment of a CADOBA system according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS The present invention relates to content-aware dynamic network resource allocation. In one embodiment the network resource of interest is optical bandwidth and this embodiment is termed content-aware dynamic optical bandwidth alloca tion (CADOBA). With reference to FIG. 1, an example of a network 100 incorporating one embodiment of a CADOBA system according to the invention includes a client 108 com municating with a server 106. The server 106 communicates with an edge device 104, which is an electronic content switch. The edge device has a ?ltering and forwarding com ponent 105. The edge device 104 in turn communicates with a master control unit 102. The master control unit 102 com municates with optical control units 116, 118. The optical control units 116, 118 in turn communicate with optical device(s) 112, 114. Thus, the CADOBA system can reside on control units. That is, in one embodiment each control unit runs a CADOBA system respectively and they work together through intra-CADOBA communications. Tra?ic refers to the data of an application traveling across a network, and signal tra?ic refers to the data of network resource requests of applications signaling to a network. Con tent refers to the L4 or high-layer (L4+) data carrying through the IP protocol, i.e., the payload of an IP packet. Typical content speci?cations include TCP/UDP headers, message identi?ers such as HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) head ers and RTSP (Real Time Streaming Protocol) method tags, and other L4+ characteristics. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a network device, such as the edge device 104, generally consists of a control unit 124 and a transport unit 122. The transport unit transports network traf?c from an ingress interface to an egress interface. An ingress interface connects to one egress interface of an up stream device and an egress interface connects to one ingress interface of a down-stream device. The control unit does not forward any packet, rather it controls how the transport unit forwards traf?c from one ingress interface to one egress inter face. To perform intelligent network control, in FIG. 1 CADOBA facilitates communication between the edge device 104 and an external control unit 102, and between optical devices 112, 114 and external control units 116, 118. With reference to FIG. 1, in one embodiment, a CADOBA system resides on each external network control unit, i.e., the edge device control unit 102 and optical device control units 116, 118A network consisting of end, access, metro core and long-haul core networks (See FIG. 9) includes a large number of network devices. But CADOBA does not need to work with control units of all these network devices. Rather CADOBA works with two kinds of control units. One kind of control unit is the control unit 102 of the edge device 104. Using the control unit of the edge device, CADOBA causes the edge device 104 to route content-speci?c tra?ic from a legacy network domain to an optical network domain. The other kind of control unit is the control unit 116, 118 for
- 8. US 7,944,827 B2 5 respective entry optical devices. CADOBA controls these optical control units to allocate bandwidth for particular con tent tra?ic ?ows over optical networks. With reference to FIG. 3, one embodiment of a CADOBA system includes a gateway module 126, a provisioning mod ule 128, and a classi?cation module 130. All three modules reside on a network control unit of an edge device while a provisioning module also resides on an entry optical device control unit. Thus, in one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, while the control unit slave boxes run the provisioning mod ule or subsystem to set up optical lightpaths, the control unit master box runs all three subsystems or modules to interact with the control unit slave boxes and to apply control to an edge device. In operation, and with reference to FIG. 4, one embodiment of a CADOBA system according to the invention initially uses the gateway module 126 to cause the transport unit of an edge device 104 to ?lter application tra?ic and to forward signal tra?ic to the gateway module. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 5, a server 106 sends a request 136, which is routed by the network to the transport unit 124 of an edge device 104. The edge device 104, based on the gateway module’s prior instructions, redirects the signal traf?c to the gateway module 126 at master control unit 102. The CADOBA system applies signal processing 132 to the signal tra?ic to obtain network resource requirements with content tra?ic characteristics. Based on the user requirements from applications, the CADOBA system performs provisioning 128 and classi?ca tion 130 to accomplish network resource (e. g., optical band width) allocation 134. In one embodiment, a bandwidth request is associated with a speci?ed content stream of an application. An application may have any number of indi vidual traf?c streams. But that application will typically request bandwidth allocation only for some content-speci?ed tra?ic streams. Moreover, an application can make a request for a group of tra?ic streams that have the identical content tra?ic characteristics. In one embodiment, the gateway mod ule extracts content characteristics from the signal tra?ic and passes them to the classi?cation module. In one embodiment, the transport to the gateway communication is internal net work communication such as the Ethernet tunnel communi cation. The communication from the gateway subsystem to the provisioning subsystem is network-based intra-CA DOBA communication similar to inter-process communica tion (IPC) on the same control unit or remote-procedure call (RPC) between two control units. Once CADOBA achieves network resource allocation, data from the requested appli cation can begin to ?ow across the provisioned route. With reference to FIG. 6, the provisioning module 128 typically performs bandwidth allocation 138 by interacting with multiple control units. For example, the provisioning module 128 can achieve bandwidth allocation 138 in the optical network domain 140 by using the user-to-network interface (UNI) technology to interface with a control unit that in turn controls an optical switch 146 to con?gure an optical link or lightpath. Similarly, the provisioning module 128 can achieve bandwidth allocation 138 in the legacy net work domain 142 by an open network service platform such as OPENET, to interface with a control unit that in turn controls an electronic switch 144 to con?gure a physical transport port. On the optical network, the provisioning mod ule either sets up a new optical link/lightpath or allocates a bandwidth portion of an existing link/lightpath. On the edge device, the provisioning module knows which physical port connects to the optical bandwidth router and allocates a por tion of this port bandwidth. When the provisioning module 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 6 completes the bandwidth allocation on both optical network and the edge device, it returns the results to the gateway module. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 7, the classi?cation module 130 con?gures a route for speci?ed content 148 so that the content traf?c ?ows toward a provisioned lightpath. The clas si?cation module 130 communicates the con?gured route to a legacy control device 150 such as the control unit 102 in FIG. 1, which in turn controls an electronic switch 144 such as an edge device 104 in FIG. 1 to route the content-speci?c traf?c along the provisioned network resource route. The classi?cation module receives information about speci?ed content characteristics and edge device ports from the gate way module. Then, the classi?cation module creates new routing rules for the edge device so that the application con tent traf?c is classi?ed and when necessary redirected from the original physical port and forwarded to the new port (towards to the optical bandwidth route). In one embodiment, the edge device is a content switch. The content switch sup ports redirecting content streams from a defaulted physical port to another port according to content-based ?lters. In one embodiment, content redirection is accomplished in hard ware. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 8, after the CADOBA sys tem has performed content-aware network resource (e.g., optical bandwidth) allocation, an electronic switch 144, that is an edge device 104, at the legacy domain-optical domain boundary routes the client traf?c 152 to one or more links or lightpaths of a speci?c optical switch 146. This optical switch 146, in turn, forwards client tra?ic 152 along onto one or more provisioned optical lightpaths. With reference to FIG. 9, structurally, the Internet consists of three types of networks: core networks (WAN), including metro core 164 and long haul core 170, operated by telecom munication carriers; access networks (Edge) 162 provided by ISPs; and end networks (e.g., LANs) set up by application users or enterprises. End networks include edge devices 154, 104. The metro core 164 can include metro optical switches 166, 168 with OPE. The long-haul core can include long-haul optical switches 172 with an ASON control unit. The access network can include metro optical switches 158, 160. As noted previously, CADOBA provides control over optical switches via optical gear control units 102, 116, 118, 156. Thus, CADOBA actually applies user intelligence in control ling the three types of networks4end, access/edge and opti cal coreiin a uni?ed way. In order to appreciate user needs and to allocate optical resources in real time, CADOBA is focused at the optical edge (devices) even though it is distributed in the network. Applications at end networks signal their content speci?ca tions and network resource requirements to the network using a well-known signaling protocol such as RSVP. The CADOBA gateway system residing at a control unit of an edge device, obtains signal packets by causing the trans port unit of the edge device to ?lter application tra?ic and to forward signal tra?ic ?ltered from the application tra?ic to the gateway module. The edge device can ?lter application traf?c using L3+ packet ?lters. The signal traf?c includes network-related parameters, e.g., bandwidth, requests/re quirements, and content tags/ identi?ers. The CADOBA provisioning system at a control unit sets up a new lightpath in an optical network domain for the requested application tra?ic or manipulates an existing light path with dynamic bandwidth utiliZation. The provisioning system also sets up bandwidth con?guration of an edge device so that application tra?ic can pass through without a bottleneck to the optical network domain.
- 9. US 7,944,827 B2 7 The CADOBA classi?cation system at a control unit causes an edge device, i.e., an electronic switch, to ?lter application traf?c and to differentiate packets with speci?ed content characteristics to form content streams. The classi? cation system further causes the electronic switch to route the content streams to respective provisioned optical routes. In one embodiment, the CADOBA processing is dynamic as application content and requirements may vary at runtime. In summary, embodiments of the invention can include the following elements. Transparent application signaling for content delivery requirements, including network resources and content speci?cations Dynamic signal ?ltering and redirection Processing signals for network resource requirements and content characteristics Network resource (e.g., bandwidth) allocation on demand Content-based differentiation and routing Having described the elements of and the operation of embodiments of the invention, a description of some of the advantages the invention now follows. 1. Dynamic Provisioning of Optical Links Embodiments of the invention perform ?exible optical route or lightpath establishment in optical networks accord ing to application requests. For example, with certain optical products, one embodiment of the invention dynamically sets up an RPR (Resilient Packet Ring) over an existing optical SONET or DWDM ring, and increases or decreases the RPR use of the whole optical ring bandwidth. 2. Cost of the Optical Link Bandwidth is Divided Among Many Users Embodiments of the invention enable a number of appli cations to share one optical link or lightpath by identifying the content of the applications and routing the applications tra?ic accordingly. For example, by forwarding applications tra?ic to respectively optical Ethernet ports in an RPR and adjusting the port rates, embodiments of the invention provide each application the optical bandwidth it requests. As a result, these embodiments of the invention increase the return on the service provider investment by utiliZing the optical transport capability e?iciently. 3. Provisioning Bandwidth is Flexible and Economic Embodiments of the invention enable applications to request bandwidth in small increments, e.g., as small as 1 Mbps, which is a small portion of the whole link bandwidth. For example, with certain optical Ethernet support, an appli cation can request a bandwidth from 1 Mbps to 1 Gbps. 4. Application Signal can Achieve Optical Control The gateway module allows an application to achieve opti cal control by intercepting application signals at the edge device and transforming the application signal to a corre sponding network control. For example, the optical control signal in turn effects a recon?guration of optical devices, including, in one embodiment, a reallocation of bandwidth and establishment of an optical link or light-path. 5. Network Resource, e. g., Bandwidth, Allocation isAware of Content The classi?cation module possesses strong content pro cessing capability that can differentiate application streams according to their content (L4 or higher layer). For example, with certain optical gear, application traf?c is classi?ed and routed to a provisioned optical lightpath by forwarding pack ets to speci?c optical Ethernet ports. Consequently, content applications can achieve higher quality. Higher quality appli cations in turn lead to an increase in demand for bandwidth and generate more revenue from specialiZed network ser vices. 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 8 EXAMPLE In a demonstration of the operation of one embodiment of the present invention, an optical network included ?bers and optical devices, a legacy electronic network included PC host systems, and content switches used as the edge devices bridg ing the two network domains: electronic (legacy) and optical. Portions of one embodiment of a CADOBA software system ran at the control unit of an edge device. Portions of the embodiment of the CADOBA system also ran at other net work control devices. This embodiment acted as an intelligent gateway, transferring requests from content applications to network control units. The result in Table 1 shows that embodiments of the CADOBA system in FIG. 1 dynamically allocate the bandwidth of the legacy-optical network as requests from the content application SlideShow. TABLE 1 Experimental Result of CADOBA Signal Required Provisioned Visual No. BW BW Throughput Effect 1 0 0 0 No image shown 2 1.00 Mbps 1.00 Mbps 0.935 Mbps Slow 3 10.00 Mbps 10.00 Mbps 9.77 Mbps Normal 4 100.00 Mbps 100.00 Mbps 47.51 Mbps Past The two programs Slideclient and Slideserver transmit continuously 2~3 MB JPEG images, running on two Pen tium-2 Linux PCs. Slideserver is the image source and sends a requested image to Slideclient. Slideclient displays an image it receives. “Required BW (Bandwidth)” is the bandwidth parameter requested by an application signal for the Slideclient-Slide server content tra?ic. Slideserver signals a changing band width every 30 seconds or longer. “Provisioned BW (Bandwidth)” is the real bandwidth allo cated by CADOBA for the requested content tra?ic. It is not always equal to the “Required BW (Bandwidth)” as network bandwidth becomes less available. “Throughput” is the maximal rate that Slideclient receives pure image data from Slideserver via TCP at each signal case. It excludes overheads of L1-L4 protocol headers in a packet. The maximal throughput reached by the application pro grams is 47.51 Mbps. An initial demonstration of the CADOBA system (see FIG. 1) used three optical devices (OPE included), 2 content switches, 3 control units and 2 Linux boxes for end applica tions. All of these network devices are available from Nortel Networks of Santa Clara, Calif. With reference to FIG. 1, during the demonstration, Slide Client 108 sent an image service request to SlideShow for its content service. SlideClient 108 and SlideServer 106 are a pair of known application programs for delivering large images, with no modi?cation for the illustrated embodiment of a CADOBA system. SlideServer 106 accepted the image request and signaled the network, using RSVP, an indication of the bandwidth required to deliver the image content. An embodiment of the invention, residing at a control unit (mas ter) 102, instructed content switch 104 to ?lter and redirect the RSVP signal packets. The content switch by itself does not support the RSVP protocol nor processes an RSVP packet. SlideServer 106 could signal again later at any time that the bandwidth requirement is changed. When this embodiment of
- 10. US 7,944,827 B2 the CADOBA system (at control unit master) processed the signal, it Would perform a neW network setup/con?guration over the content sWitch and optical device When necessary. The neW netWork setup/con?guration can include realloca tion ofbandWidth, recon?guration of forwarding priority and recon?guration of optical content routes. As a result, at runt ime, the illustrated embodiment provided dynamic band Width allocation and forWarding conditions, i.e., it provided different service levels based on signals from the requesting application. Embodiments of the present invention advantageously encourage application developers to develop bandWidth intensive applications such as video teleconferencing, streaming media and storage area netWorking. The present invention is not limited to bandWidth alloca tion. Rather, one can use embodiments of the invention in other applications. For example, one can use embodiments of the invention to create an optical virtual private netWork (VPN), to develop accounting packages that meter netWork usage by an application, and to build a many-to-many video conference channel. Furthermore, since certain changes may be made in the above constructions Without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shoWn in the accompanying draWings be inter preted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense. What is claimed is: 1. A method for performing content aWare optical band Width allocation over a netWork having an edge device, the method comprising the steps of: receiving an application signal traf?c characterized by at least one network-related parameter; based on the at least one netWork-related param eter, provisioning an optical route for forWarding the received application signal tra?ic; and forWarding a content-speci?c tra?ic along the provisioned optical route, Wherein the con tent-speci?c tra?ic is generated by ?ltering the received application signal tra?ic; Wherein the provisioned optical route has a bandWidth con?gured to be allocated for forWard ing content-speci?c tra?ic along the provisioned optical route, Wherein said receiving step further comprises: using a transport unit of the edge device, ?ltering the received appli cation signal traf?c; and forWarding the ?ltered received application signal tra?ic to a gateWay module disposed in a control unit of the edge device for determining the at least one netWork-related parameter. 2. The method according to claim 1, Wherein the at least one netWork-related parameter is selected from a group con sisting of: bandWidth, application request, application requirement, content tag, and content identi?er. 3. The method according to claim 1, Wherein said provi sioning step further comprises: using a provisioning module disposed in a control unit of the edge device, setting up a neW link in an optical netWork domain for forWarding the received application signal traf?c. 4. The method according to claim 1, Wherein said provi sioning step further comprises using a provisioning module disposed in a control unit of the edge device, manipulating an existing link in an optical netWork domain for forWarding the received application signal traf?c by dynamically utiliZing bandWidth on the existing link. 5. The method according to claim 1, Wherein said forWard ing step further comprises ?ltering the received application signal traf?c to generate packets With speci?ed content characteristics; 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 10 differentiating packets With speci?ed content characteris tics to form content streams; and routing formed content streams along the provisioned opti cal route. 6. The method according to claim 1, Wherein said provi sioning step further comprises allocating bandWidth for the received application signal traf?c by interfacing With a plurality of control units disposed in the netWork to con?gure an optical link, Wherein the optical link is used for forWarding the con tent-speci?c tra?ic along the provisioned optical route. 7. The method according to claim 1, Wherein said provi sioning step further comprises allocating bandWidth for the received application signal traf?c by con?guring a physical transport port of the edge device, Wherein the physical transport port is used for forWarding the content-speci?c tra?ic along the pro visioned optical route. 8. The method according to claim 1, Wherein said forWard ing step further comprises based on the at least one netWork-related parameter, creat ing routing rules for the edge device for forWarding content-speci?c traf?c along the provisioned optical route. 9. The method according to claim 1, Wherein said provi sioning step further comprises provisioning a plurality of optical routes for forWarding the received application signal traf?c. 10. The method according to claim 9, Wherein the content speci?c tra?ic is forWarded along some provisioned optical routes selected from the plurality of provisioned optical routes based on the at least one network-related parameter of the received application signal traf?c. 11. The method according to claim 1, Wherein receiving step further comprises using a gateWay module, transforming the received application signal tra?ic into an optical control signal; con?guring an optical device in communication With the edge device to allocate bandWidth for the content-speci?c traf?c; and establish an optical link for forWarding the content speci?c tra?ic. 12. A system for performing content aWare optical band Width allocation over a netWork, comprising: an edge device con?gured to receive an application signal tra?ic character iZed by at least one netWork-related parameter; based on the at least one netWork-related parameter, provision an optical route for forWarding the received application signal traf?c; and forWard a content-speci?c traf?c along the provisioned optical route, Wherein the content- speci?c traf?c is generated by ?ltering the received application signal traf?c; Wherein the provisioned optical route has a bandWidth con?gured to be allocated for forWarding content-speci?c traf?c along the provisioned optical route, Wherein the edge device includes a control unit having a gateWay module in communication With a transport unit con?gured to ?lter the received application signal traf?c; and forWard the ?ltered received application signal tra?ic to the gateWay module that determines the at least one netWork-related parameter. 13. The system according to claim 12, Wherein the at least one netWork-related parameter is selected from a group con sisting of: bandWidth, application request, application requirement, content tag, and content identi?er. 14. The system according to claim 12, Wherein the control unit of the edge device includes a provisioning module con
- 11. US 7,944,827 B2 11 ?gured to set up a new link in an optical network domain for forwarding the received application signal tra?ic. 15. The system according to claim 14, wherein the provi sioning module is further con?gured to manipulate an exist ing link in the optical network domain for forwarding the received application signal traf?c by dynamically utiliZing bandwidth on the existing link. 16. The system according to claim 14, wherein the provi sioning module is further con?gured to provision a plurality of optical routes for forwarding the received application sig nal tra?ic. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the content speci?c tra?ic is forwarded along some provisioned optical routes selected from the plurality of provisioned optical routes based on the at least one network-related parameter of the received application signal tra?ic. 18. The system according to claim 12, wherein the control unit is further con?gured to ?lter the received application signal tra?ic to generate packets with speci?ed content characteristics; differentiate packets with speci?ed content characteristics to form content streams; and route formed content streams along the provisioned optical route. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein the provi sioning module is con?gured to allocate bandwidth for the 20 25 12 received application signal tra?ic by interfacing with a plu rality of control units disposed in the network to con?gure an optical link, wherein the optical link is used for forwarding the content-speci?c traf?c along the provisioned optical route. 20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the provi sioning module is further con?gured to allocate bandwidth for the received application signal traf?c by con?guring a physical transport port of the edge device, wherein the physi cal transport port is used for forwarding the content-speci?c traf?c along the provisioned optical route. 21. The system according to claim 12, wherein the control unit is further con?gured to create, based on the at least one network-related parameter, routing rules for the edge device for forwarding content-speci?c tra?ic along the provisioned optical route. 22. The system according to claim 12, wherein the gateway module is further con?gured to transform the received application signal traf?c into an optical control signal; con?gure an optical device in communication with the edge device to allocate bandwidth for the content-speci?c tra?ic; and establish an optical link for forwarding the content-spe ci?c traf?c.