Contraception PPT.ppt

Birth Control & Family
Planning
Steilacoom High School
9th Grade Health class!

Contraception
 the deliberate use of artificial methods or other
techniques to prevent pregnancy as a
consequence of sexual intercourse. The major
forms of artificial contraception are barrier
methods, of which the most common is the
condom; the contraceptive pill, which contains
synthetic sex hormones that prevent ovulation in
the female; intrauterine devices, such as the coil,
which prevent the fertilized ovum from implanting
in the uterus; and male or female sterilization.

April 3, 2014
 Entry Task:
– Identify 2 new facts you learned from
the video
 Today’s Target:
– Teen Files video
– Contraception

Remember:
The total risks of birth
control are much less
than the total risks of a
pregnancy!!

Birth Control Choices
 Married life with children
 Married life without children
 Single life without children
 Adoption of child
 Communal life
 Living together

Teens & Birth Control:
Excuses...Excuses...Excuses
 “It was unromantic”
 “I Would feel guilty”
 “It is against my religion”
 “We used the withdrawal method”
 “Doctor will blab to my mom”
 “It won’t happen to me”
 “Condoms break and don’t work”

Birth Control Methods
 1 million teens became pregnant in 2009
 512,000 of these teens gave birth
 6 of 10 U.S. pregnancies are unplanned
 Most teens do not plan to have sex the first
time forget to use a birth control method
 Majority of teen pregnancies in Washington
result from men over age 21 !

Types of Birth Control
 Hormonal
 Barrier
 IUD
 Methods based on information
 Permanent sterilization

Hormonal Methods
 Oral Contraceptives
(Birth Control Pill)
 Injections (Depo-Provera)
 Implants (Norplant I & II)

Birth Control Pills
 Pills can be taken to prevent pregnancy
 Pills are safe and effective when taken
properly
 Pills are over 99% effective
 Women must have a pap smear to get a
prescription for birth control pills

How does the pill work?
 Stops ovulation
 Thins uterine lining
 Thickens cervical mucus

Positive Benefits of Birth Control Pills
 Prevents
pregnancy
 Eases menstrual
cramps
 Shortens period
 Regulates period
Decreases
incidence of
ovarian cysts
Prevents ovarian
and uterine
cancer
Decreases acne

Side-effects
 Breast tenderness
 Nausea
 Increase in
headaches
 Moodiness
 Weight change
 Spotting

Taking the Pill
 Once a day at the same time everyday
 Use condoms for first month
 Use condoms when on antibiotics
 Use condoms for 1 week if you miss a pill
or take one late
 The pill offers no protection from STD’s

Depo-Provera
 Birth control shot given once every three
months to prevent pregnancy
 99.7% effective preventing pregnancy
 No daily pills to remember!

How does the shot work?
 Stops ovulation
 Stops menstrual cycles!!
 Thickens cervical mucus

SIDE EFFECTS
 Extremely irregular menstrual bleeding
and spotting for 3-6 months!
 NO PERIOD  after 3-6 months
 Weight change
 Breast tenderness
 Mood change
*NOT EVERY WOMAN HAS SIDE-EFFECTS!

IMPLANTS
 Implants are placed in the body filled with
hormone that prevents pregnancy
 Physically inserted in simple 15 minute
outpatient procedure
 Plastic capsules the size of paper
matchsticks inserted under the skin in the
arm
 99.95% effectiveness rate

Norplant I vs. Norplant II
 Six capsules
 Five years
 Two capsules
 Three years

Norplant Considerations
 Should be considered long term
birth control
 Requires no upkeep 
 Extremely effective in pregnancy
prevention > 99%

Emergency contraception
pills can reduce the chance
of a pregnancy by 75% if
taken within 72 hours of
unprotected sex!
Emergency Contraception

Emergency Contraception (ECP)
 Must be taken within 72 hours of the act
of unprotected intercourse or failure of
contraception method
 Must receive ECP from a physician
 75 – 84% effective in reducing pregnancy
 California pharmacies can prescribe
without a doctor! (1/1/02)

ECP
 Floods the ovaries with high amount of
hormone and prevents ovulation
 Alters the environment of the uterus,
making it disruptive to the egg and sperm
 Two sets of pills taken exactly 12 hours
apart

BARRIER METHODS
 Spermicides
 Male Condom
 Female Condom
 Diaphragm
 Cervical Cap

BARRIER METHOD
 Prevents pregnancy blocks the egg
and sperm from meeting
 Barrier methods have higher failure
rates than hormonal methods due to
design and human error

SPERMICIDES
 Chemicals kill sperm in the vagina
 Different forms:
-Jelly -Film
-Foam -Suppository
 Some work instantly, others require pre-
insertion
 Only 76% effective (used alone), should be
used in combination with another method
i.e., condoms

MALE CONDOM
• Most common and effective barrier
method when used properly
• Latex and Polyurethane should only be
used in the prevention of pregnancy and
spread of STI’s (including HIV)

MALE CONDOM
 Perfect effectiveness rate = 97%
 Typical effectiveness rate = 88%
 Latex and polyurethane condoms are
available
 Combining condoms with
spermicides raises effectiveness
levels to 99%

FEMALE CONDOM
 Made as an alternative to male condoms
 Polyurethane
 Physically inserted in the vagina
 Perfect rate = 95%
 Typical rate = 79%
 Woman can use female condom if partner
refuses

Reality  : The Female
Condom

DIAPRAGHM
 Perfect Effectiveness Rate = 94%
 Typical Effectiveness Rate = 80%
 Latex barrier placed inside vagina during
intercourse
 Fitted by physician
 Spermicidal jelly before insertion
 Inserted up to 18 hours before intercourse
and can be left in
for a total of 24 hours

CERVICAL CAP
 Latex barrier inserted in vagina before
intercourse
 “Caps” around cervix with suction
 Fill with spermicidal jelly prior to use
 Can be left in body for up to a total of 48 hours
 Must be left in place six hours after sexual
intercourse

INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
(IUD)
 T-shaped object placed in the uterus to
prevent pregnancy
 Must be on period during insertion
 A Natural childbirth required to use
IUD
 Extremely effective without using
hormones > 97 %
 Must be in monogamous relationship

Copper T vs.. Progestasert
 10 years
 99.2 % effective
 Copper on IUD acts as
spermicide, IUD
blocks egg from
implanting
 Must check string
before sex and after
shedding of uterine
lining.
 1 year
 98% effective
 T shaped plastic that
releases hormones
over a one year time
frame
 Thickens mucus,
blocking egg
 Check string before
sex & after shedding
of uterine lining.

STERILIZATION
 Procedure performed on a man or a
woman permanently sterilizes
 Female = Tubal Ligation
 Male = Vasectomy

TUBAL LIGATION
 Surgical procedure
performed on a woman
 Fallopian tubes are cut,
tied, cauterized, prevents
eggs from reaching sperm
 Failure rates vary by
procedure, from 0.8%-
3.7%
 May experience heavier
periods

LAPAROSCOPY-’BAND-AID’
STERILIZATION

VASECTOMY
 Male sterilization procedure
 Ligation of Vas Deferens tube
 No-scalpel technique available
 Faster and easier recovery than a
tubal ligation
 Failure rate = 0.1%, more effective
than female sterilization

METHODS BASED ON
INFORMATION
 Withdrawal
 Natural Family Planning
 Fertility Awareness Method
 Abstinence

WITHDRAWAL
 Removal of penis from the vagina before
ejaculation occurs
 NOT a sufficient method of birth control by
itself
 Effectiveness rate is 80% (very unpredictable
in teens, wide variation)
 1 of 5 women practicing withdrawal become
pregnant
 Very difficult for a male to ‘control’

Natural Family Planning & Fertility
Awareness Method
 Women take a class on the menstrual cycle to
calculate more fertile times
 Requires special equipment and cannot be
self-taught
 NFP abstains from sex during the calculated
fertile time
 FAM uses barrier methods during fertile time
 No 100% safe day-irregular periods

Abstinence
 Only 100% method of birth control
 Abstinence is when partners do not
engage in sexual intercourse
 Communication between partners is
important for those practicing
abstinence to be successful

Reasons for abstaining
 Moral or religious values
 Personal beliefs
 Medical reasons
 Not feeling ready for a emotional,
intimate relationship
 Future plans

SOMETHING TO THINK ABOUT…
Couples who use no birth control have
a 85% chance of a pregnancy within
the first year.
Will you be one of the 435,000 of the
teens that gave birth in 2008?

EXCELLENT REFERENCE SEE:
www.plannedparenthood.org

Contraception PPT.ppt

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