Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
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Robert Lado was influential in the development of SLA theory and methods. He studied how language transfer affects foreign language learning. Specifically, he hypothesized that aspects of a foreign language similar to one's native language will be easier to learn, while differences will be more difficult. This contrastive analysis hypothesis informed the Audiolingual method and focus on minimal pairs.
Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis
- 1. SLA Background Robert Lado, Contrastive Analysis, Audiolingualism
- 2. The son of Spanish immigrants to the US, he learned English as an adult, which inspired his interest in the practical aspects of foreign language learning. With Charles Fries, he was involved with the University of Michigan ELI (English Language Institute), which researched the best methods of foreign language teaching for military purposes during WW2, particularly teaching English to Spanish speakers in Latin America. They developed the contrastive Robert Lado 1915-1995 analysis hypothesis and the Army method, which later developed into the Audio-Lingual Method (ALM).
- 3. Transfer: main difficulty of foreign language learning "Individuals tend to transfer the forms and meanings, and the J'ai visité → I have distribution of forms and visited meanings of their native language and culture to the I have visited Monaco foreign language and culture several times. -- both productively when *I have visited attempting to speak the language and to act in the Monaco last week. culture, and receptively when Minimal pairs attempting to grasp and understand the language and A minimal pair consists of two the culture as practised by words which differ only in one natives." (Lado, 1957) sound.
- 4. Contrastive analysis hypothesis: predictions the student who comes in Minimal pairs contact with a foreign language will find some 1. sheep ship features of it quite easy and 2. bean bin others extremely difficult. Those elements that are 3. _____ chick similar to his native 4. _____ hill language will be simple for 5. peach ______ him, and those elements 6. _____ skim that are different will be difficult. 7. _____ sick 8. steal ______ (Lado,1957) http://www.shiporsheep.com/page1.html
- 5. Contrastive analysis hypothesis: predictions the student who comes in Minimal pairs contact with a foreign language will find some 1. sheep ship features of it quite easy and 2. bean bin others extremely difficult. Those elements that are 3. CHEEK chick similar to his native 4. HEEL hill language will be simple for 5. peach PITCH him, and those elements 6. SCHEME skim that are different will be difficult. 7. SEEK sick 8. steal STILL (Lado,1957) http://www.shiporsheep.com/page1.html
- 6. Links • Cliff Hanger: the sheep on the ship • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfRByuE3BKU • Sheep or ship • http://www.shiporsheep.com/