Controlling External Bleeding
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This document discusses different types of open wounds such as incisions, lacerations, abrasions, puncture wounds, and penetration wounds. It also discusses different types of dressings used to treat wounds including sterile, bulky, and occlusive dressings. The document outlines the steps to control external bleeding which include applying direct pressure to the wound, elevating the wound above the level of the heart, applying a dressing, and monitoring the patient. It also discusses using pressure points and a tourniquet to control severe bleeding.
Controlling External Bleeding
- 1. MOHAMMAD NOUR AL SAEED GROUP : 3 6th year
- 3. Open Wounds Some types of open wounds include: - Incisions - caused by a clean, sharp-edged object such as a knife, a razor or a glass splinter. - Lacerations - rough, irregular wounds caused by crushing or ripping forces. - Abrasions (grazes) - a superficial wound in which the topmost layers of the skin are scraped off, often caused by a sliding fall onto a rough surface. - Puncture wounds - caused by an object puncturing the skin, such as a nail or needle. - Penetration wounds - caused by an object such as a knife entering the body. - Avulsion wounds – this is a wound that occurs due to the integrity of any tissue is compromised.
- 4. Dressing and Bandaging 1) Dressing-any material used to cover a wound, help control bleeding, and help prevent additional contamination. 2) Bandage-any material used to hold a dressing in place. Types of dressings 1) Sterile and aseptic : free from germs, dirt, and foreign debris. If commercially processed and individually packaged, dressings are usually sterile and aseptic; if not available, be sure dressings are clean. 2) Bulky ( large ) dressings and multi-trauma dressings : thick dressings large enough to completely cover large wounds, control serious bleeding, and stabilize impaled objects. 3) Occlusive dressings : used for sealing open abdominal and chest wounds. Often made of plastic wrap, they help prevent air from entering wound and fluids from escaping. 4) Improvised dressings : any clean material that can be used to control bleeding, such as handkerchiefs, towels, sheets, other similar materials.
- 5. Bleeding Apply Pressure Elevate Dress the Wound Monitor 4. Monitor If the wound is severe you may need to monitor the patient as they may go into shock due to blood loss. You may also want to check that the dressing isn’t too tight and restricting circulation. 2. Apply a Dressing Applying the dress to the wound to protect it and preventing the spread of infection. 3. Elevation Elevate the bleeding limb or area above patient’s heart (if practicable). This will reduce the amount of blood flow to the wound. 1. Apply Direct Pressure This is to try and stop the flow of blood and encourage a clot to form.
- 6. Controlling External Bleeding a.Direct pressure 1) Apply direct pressure to wound site with your gloved hand. 2) Apply firm pressure with a sterile dressing or clean cloth. 3) Apply pressure until bleeding is controlled (may be 10-30 minutes or longer). 4) Hold dressing in place with bandages after bleeding is controlled. 5) Never remove a dressing once it is in place.
- 7. Controlling External Bleeding b. Elevation 1) Elevate injured extremity so that wound is higher than heart. 2) Continue to apply direct pressure to site of bleeding.
- 8. Controlling External Bleeding c. Pressure point BRACHIAL ARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM UPPER LIMB. FEMORAL ARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM LOWER LIMB. CAROTID ARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM NECK. TEMPORAL ARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM SCALP. FACIAL ARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM FACE. SUB CLAVIAN ARTERY - FOR BLEEDING FROM CHEST WALL & ARMPIT
- 9. Controlling External Bleeding d. Tourniquet 1) Locate the site for tourniquet (between wound and patient's heart, usually two inches from wound). 2) Place a pad on site over artery. 3) Place tourniquet around limb and secure it. Then tighten tourniquet until bleeding has stopped. 4) Do not loosen tourniquet once it is in place.