Conversational Mechanism
- 1. Mehak Raheja
- 2. INTRODUCTION Conversations are supposed to be fun. They involve personal interactions between two or more people about something of interest.
- 3. What is Conversation? As per chambers English dictionary, 1989 edition “Intercourse, talk, familiar discourse, behavior or deportment” In other words, conversation is simply talking to someone else, usually informally.
- 4. THE RULES OF CONVERSATION Conversation is a Two-Way Street Be Friendly and Polite Respond to what they are saying Use Signaling to Help the Other Person Create Emotional Connections
- 5. 1. CONVERSATION IS A TWO-WAY STREET The first and most important rule of conversation is that it is not all about you, but it’s not all about the other person either.
- 6. 2. Be Friendly andPolite •Build rapport •Be nice •Try to avoid contentious topics on first acquaintance. •Small Talk’
- 7. 3. RESPOND TO WHAT THEY ARE SAYING
- 8. 4. USE SIGNALING TO HELP THE OTHER PERSON Open questions (How…?,Why…?) Closed questions (Don’t you agree?)
- 9. 5. CREATE EMOTIONAL CONNECTIONS Conversation is also a way to explore whether you wish to know someone better and build a relationship with them. It can therefore be useful to understand how to use conversation to create and build emotional connections.
- 10. COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND TEACHING Teaching Individuals and Groups Communicating Caring Communicating Caring Interacting with Colleagues and Supervisors
- 11. SEQUENCE AND STRUCTURES IN CONVERSATION Opening Conversations Closing Conversations Turn-taking Gaps (Silence) Overlaps Adjacency Pairs
- 13. OPENING CONVERSATIONS (Summons-Answer Sequences) Child: Mommy? Summons Mum: Yes, dear. Answer Child: Can I have chocolate? Reason for summons Identification/ Recognition A: (causes telephone to ring at B’s location) summons B: Hello answer + display for recognition A: Hi greeting 1claim that A has recognized B + claim that B can recognize A B: Oh hi! Greeting 2 + claim that B has recognized A
- 14. CLOSING CONVERSATIONS Closing a conversation can be done by saying, ‘ok, bye, anyway, or other parting phrase like See you, bye.
- 15. TURN-TAKING The basic rule is that one person speaks at a time, then they give a turn to the next speaker, or the next speaker takes up the turn without being given.
- 16. TURN ALLOCATION COMPONENT By Current Speaker By Self-selection
- 17. EXAMPLE Sita: Would you like some more drink, Jim? Jim: Well, I'd love to Sita: You? (to Sam) Sam: No, I am good Angel: Hey, how was Maroon 5 concert last night? (Asking to Browdy and Brian) Browdy: What? Never heard of. Ever you? (to Brian) Brian: Jeez.. What planet are you living on, man? Angel : Ah, Browdy. You'd better out of your book cave and watch a concert some time.
- 18. GAPS (SILENCE) A lengthened transition space results in a silence in the talk. Example: A: Is this seat taken? (2 seconds) A: Excuse me, is this seat taken? B: Oh, no. (grab her bag) You may sit here.
- 19. OVERLAPS Overlap happens when two speakers speaking at the same time. In the transcription symbol, overlap is represented by // = beginning of overlap (both speakers attempt to initiate talk).
- 20. ADJACENCY PAIRS Adjacency pairs are utterances produced by two successive speakers in a way that the second utterance is identified as related to the first one as an expected follow-up to that utterance such as: Hi there – Hello Bye then – bye
- 21. TWO POSSIBILITIES OF PAIRS Preferred (Acceptance, Expected Answer) Dispreferred (Refusal, disagreement)
- 22. EXAMPLES Form Q1 - Q2 - A2 - A1 (one adjacency pair within another) Agent: Do you want the early flight? (= Q1) Client: What time does it arrive? (= Q2) Agent: Nine forty-five (= A2) Client: Yeah - that's great (= A1) Mix of different sequences possible Jean: Could you mail this letter for me? (Req. 1) Fred: Does it have a stamp on? (Q2) Jean: Yeah. (A2) Fred: Okay (Acc. 1)
- 24. MAKING AN APPOINTMENT Claire: Hello, how may I help you? Roy: I would like to make an appointment with Dr. Smith, please. Claire: What would you like to see him for? Roy: I need my annual physical and also have a shoulder problem. It is aching. Claire: Dr. Smith has openings next week. Are you free on Monday or Tuesday? Roy: I am free on Tuesday afternoon. Claire: We will schedule you for next week Tuesday at 3pm.
- 25. CONVERSATION BETWEEN TWO FRIENDS