Copyright Information (bibliographic) Document Type Book Ch.docx
- 1. Copyright Information (bibliographic) Document Type: Book Chapter Title of book: Trauma Counseling: Theories and Interventions (1st Edition) Author of book: Lisa Lopez Levers (Editor) Chapter Title: Theoretical Contexts of Trauma Counseling Author of Chapter: Martin F. Lynch Year: 2012 Publisher: Springer Publishing Company Place of Publishing: United States of America The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives
- 2. are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair use that user may be liable for copyright infringement.
- 3. Copyright Information (bibliographic) Document Type: Book Chapter Title of book: Trauma Counseling: Theories and Interventions (1st Edition) Author of book: Lisa Lopez Levers (Editor) Chapter Title: Historical Contexts of Trauma Author of Chapter: Debra Hyatt-Burkhart and Lisa Lopez Levers Year: 2012 Publisher: Springer Publishing Company Place of Publishing: United States of America The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives
- 4. are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair use that user may be liable for copyright infringement.
- 5. Copyright Information (bibliographic) Document Type: Book Chapter Title of book: Trauma Counseling: Theories and Interventions (1st Edition)
- 6. Author of book: Lisa Lopez Levers (Editor) Chapter Title: Historical Contexts of Trauma Author of Chapter: Debra Hyatt-Burkhart and Lisa Lopez Levers Year: 2012 Publisher: Springer Publishing Company Place of Publishing: United States of America The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair use that user may be liable for copyright infringement.
- 8. Copyright Information (bibliographic) Document Type: Book Chapter Title of book: Crisis Intervention Strategies Author of book: Richard K. James, Burl E. Gilliland Chapter Title: Chapter 17 Disaster Response Author of Chapter: Richard K. James, Burl E. Gilliland Year: 2013 Publisher: Cengage Learning
- 9. Place of Publishing: United States of America The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted materials. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair use that user may be liable for copyright infringement.
- 13. Copyright Information (bibliographic) Document Type: Book Chapter Title of book: Crisis Intervention Strategies (7th Edition) Author of book: Richard K. James and Burl E. Gilliland Chapter Title: Approaching Crisis Intervention Author of Chapter: Richard K. James and Burl E. Gilliland Year: 2013 Publisher: Cengage Learning Place of Publishing: United States of America The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted
- 14. materials. Under certain conditions specified in the law, libraries and archives are authorized to furnish a photocopy or other reproduction. One of these specified conditions is that the photocopy or reproduction is not to be used for any purpose other than private study, scholarship, or research. If a user makes a request for, or later uses, a photocopy or reproduction for purposes in excess of fair use that user may be liable for copyright infringement.
- 16. ct, 1963 • Section 413 DSM-III (1980) certification program (1990s) • Hurricane Hugo • Loma Prieta earthquake • “Quake-proofing kids” • Rapid City, South Dakota • Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania • Operation Outreach • Logan County, West Virginia trina, 2005 • FEMA • Funded by the European Union • Provides services, expertise, and support to areas of the Union that lack resources and availability of trained personnel
- 17. -Agency Standing Committee (IASC) • Published IASC Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial Input Support in Emergency Situations • Homeland Security Act • Columbine, CO • Virginia Tech University • Suicide bombs in Israel • Hostage situation in a Russian theatre and school • Drug related guerrilla warfare in Mexico -vigilance osystemic crisis is any disruptive or destructive event that occurs at a rate and magnitude beyond the ability of the normal social process to control it. • Impacts an entire community, region, nation, or the entire world • Sudden • Slow buildup
- 18. • Human-made • Natural disaster • One intense episode • Several compounding incidents • Metastisizing Crises • Start small but, if not contained both physically and psychologically, can quickly turn into large-scale crises • Large-Scale Crises • At a minimum affect whole communities or regions either directly or vicariously • Mega-crises • Affect entire countries or the world, either directly or vicariously • Primary Mesosystem • Super Mesosystem • The Individual
- 19. • The Society essence individuals, institutions, communities, and nationals The service characteristics of credibility, acceptability, accessibility, proactivity, continuance, and confidentiality should be adopted as “cast in stone” goals for service delivery in disaster-stricken areas • Development of Crisis Response Teams (CRTs) • National Organization for Victim Assistance (NOVA) CRTs • The Red Cross
- 20. • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) • National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) utreach Team Management Systems • Role of Local EMA Directors • Background and Training • What Do Emergency Managers Do? • Planning for Disasters • Personnel • Transdisaster (0–14 Days) • Postdisaster (15–365 Days) -hazards response Ambiguous training standards and lack of preparation ental health and the role of mental health
- 21. professionals to Disaster Survivors • Make initial contact in a respectful manner • Gather and provide information regarding immediate physical and safety concerns • Provide and direct people in regard to practical assistance needed • Provide for their safety and comfort by linking them with social services • Teach them basic coping skills if requested • Get information and help that will connect them to social supports • An intervention designed to assist workers and survivors in dealing with intense thoughts, feelings, and reactions that occur after a traumatic event, and to decrease their impact and facilitate the recovery of
- 22. normal people having normal reactions to abnormal events • Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) • Informal Defusing • Formal Debriefing ng Crisis Workers • The Need for Debriefing • Precautions • Dynamics of Debriefing • Confidentiality • Understanding Chapter Seventeen: Disaster ResponseA Brief History of Disaster �Mental Health ProvisionNatural Disasters with a Significant Impact on Disaster ResponseWorldwide Disaster Mental Health International Terrorism and �Human-Made DisastersEcosystemic CrisesEcosystemic Crises Cont.System OverviewPrinciples of a �Crisis Intervention EcosystemPrinciples of a �Crisis Intervention EcosystemResponse TeamsLocal Emergency Management SystemsWhat Happened With Katrina?Psychological First AidFocus on the Worker ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Brief History of Crisis Intervention -a-Live League (1906) ine.
- 23. survivors. -run asylums were replaced by community mental health centers. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning The Importance of Volunteerism from menial administrative chores to frontline crisis intervention with clients. staff 24-hour suicide hotlines in major cities. report that volunteer workers outnumber professional staff by more than 6 to 1. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Crisis Intervention as a Grassroots Movement public until victims/victim advocates exert enough legal,
- 24. political, or economic pressure to cause change. power, prestige, and notoriety. employment for recent graduates. intervention into an emerging specialty. eterans ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Transition from a Grassroots Movement to a Specialty Area -1990s. tial in alleviating stress related to trauma. Association (2006) of Counseling & Educationally Related Programs (2009) and National Association of School Psychologists (2010).
- 25. consciousness of crisis after a large-scale disaster. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning The Case Against Too Much “Helping” -burgeoning industry in post-intervention psychological trauma replete with trade shows, trade publications, talk shows, and charitable giving. invariably lead to psychopathology. not panic. community”-characterized by the disappearance of community conflicts, heightened internal solidarity, charity, sharing, communal public works, and a positive attitude. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Definitions of Crisis system in crisis. s text, definitions have been selected.
- 26. -crisis is the perception or experiencing of an event or situation as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person’s current resources and coping mechanisms. -when a traumatic event occurs such that people, institutions, communities, and ecologies are overwhelmed and response systems are unable to effectively contain and control the event in regard to both physical and psychological reactions to it. crisis”-occurs when a small, isolated incident is not contained and begins to spread. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Characteristics of Crisis t in pathological behavior such as injury to self or others. for the individual to seek help. until they can admit that they do not have control of the problem.
- 27. actually lead to a crisis situation. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Characteristics of Crisis Cont. choice that typically has negative results. are idiosyncratic because individuals may react differently to the same situation. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Transcrisis States between 6-8 weeks in duration.
- 28. the crisis have a large impact on the duration. from a previous traumatic event resurface because of a current stressor. recurrent and always present to some degree. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Transcrisis Points necessary for progression. aspects of the crisis. have a linear progression. traditional therapeutic techniques to crisis intervention. e similar affect, behavior, and cognition as the original crisis event. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning
- 29. Theories of Crisis Intervention ory ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Basic Crisis Theory temporary, and can be relieved with short-term intervention techniques. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Basic Crisis Theory Cont. goals.
- 30. heory vs. Brief Therapy whereas Basis Crisis Theory assists individuals in crisis and addresses their affective, behavioral, and cognitive distortions resulting from the traumatic event. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Expanded Crisis Theory factors of a crisis. event becomes a crisis. experience a crisis. context
- 31. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Theories that Influence Expanded Crisis Theory Cont. intact sense of self-worth and has a healthy support system. not accomplished. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Applied Crisis Theory mpasses four domains: produce an abnormal response
- 32. change ent, that the individual or system has no way to predict or control, causes extreme stress. illness ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Four Domains of Applied Crisis Theory Cont. al crises purpose, responsibility, independence, freedom, or commitment. -caused disaster overtakes a person or system through no fault of their own. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning
- 33. Crisis Intervention Models Traditional models of crisis intervention -ecological model -ecological model -practice ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Traditional Models zing the individual. the event itself. crisis
- 34. event. Most appropriately used after the individual has been stabilized. environment. establish a support system. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Ecosystemic Models -Ecological Model stage, their environment, and the relationship between the two. -Ecological Model the emotional meaning attributed to the event. system. ondary relationships
- 35. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Eclectic Model and strategies from all available approaches. tasks. rtinent theories, methods, and standards for evaluating and manipulating clinical data. traumatic event but react to it differently ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Field-based Models
- 36. mmediate crisis needs. -intrusive because not everyone exposed to a traumatic event will experience a crisis. National Center for PTSD) consists of 8 core actions Engagement ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Field-based Models Cont. ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Characteristics of Effective Crisis Workers
- 37. theoretical knowledge, and certain characteristics to develop this hybrid. eativity ©2013, Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Chapter One�Basic Training: �Crisis Intervention�Theory and ApplicationBrief History of �Crisis InterventionThe Importance of VolunteerismCrisis Intervention as a �Grassroots MovementTransition from a Grassroots Movement to a Specialty AreaThe Case Against Too �Much “Helping”Definitions of CrisisCharacteristics of CrisisCharacteristics of Crisis Cont.Transcrisis StatesTranscrisis PointsTheories of Crisis InterventionBasic Crisis TheoryBasic Crisis Theory Cont.Expanded Crisis TheoryTheories that Influence Expanded Crisis Theory Cont.Applied Crisis TheoryFour Domains of Applied �Crisis Theory Cont.Crisis Intervention ModelsTraditional Models Ecosystemic Models Eclectic Model Field-based ModelsField- based Models Cont. Characteristics of Effective �Crisis Workers