Covid-19 fever symptom detection based on IoT cloud

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE)
Vol. 11, No. 2, April 2021, pp. 1823~1829
ISSN: 2088-8708, DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v11i2.pp1823-1829  1823
Journal homepage: http://ijece.iaescore.com
Covid-19 fever symptom detection based on IoT cloud
Mustafa Wassef Hasan
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received May 19, 2020
Revised Jul 22, 2020
Accepted Aug 10, 2020
This paper presents a new method of detection Covid-19 fever symptoms
depending on IoT cloud services to solve the higher time delay of checking
the crowded clients that enter public or private agencies which can lead to a
dangerous field to spread the disease. An automatically checking process is
suggested using a practical experiment is developed using (ESP8266 node MCU,
ultrasonic (SR-04), RFID (RC522), human body temperature (MAX30205)
sensors, and ThingSpeak platform). Where node MCU is open-source
hardware used to transmit the received data (human temperature sensor) from
the (MAX30205) to the cloud platform (ThingSpeak) then alert the monitoring
manager user when the collected data reached a critical value that specified
previously and automatically take action to solve this situation. At the same
time, the cloud platform will provide a graphical representation of the received
data to display it using different monitoring devices such as (computers,
mobiles, and others).
Keywords:
Corona virus
Covid-19
IoT
Node MCU
RFID
Temperature
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Mustafa Wassef Hasan
Department of Electrical Engineering
University of Baghdad
Al-Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq
Email: mustafawassef@yahoo.com
1. INTRODUCTION
In the recent years, the cloud platforms witnessed a significant development in terms of service
provided and performance, which is used as one of the solutions to the problems experienced by the client in
daily life for the business and public life. At the same time, many kinds of cloud service are introduced; some
of them are paid. Others are for free, and many transmission models are used such as Bluetooth, Zigbee,
Wifi...etc used for short-distance transmission and for long-distance communication such as Sigfox,
LTE...etc these models transmit the data to the cloud that considered as a part of the internet of things (IoT).
IoT defines relationships between human and devices, anything that related to technology so that allowing
entirely or some of the devices to connect between each other and perform the needed job without requiring
the human to interact.
Cloud services have been used as a monitoring platform that used alongside with external hardware
like [1-3]. Cloud computing used with mobile devices [4, 5]. While other authors design a protocol based on
key agreement protocols that help to secure data sharing and increase efficiency [6], a new study of cloud
computing is studied in [7]. Some of the authors focused on virtualizing the smartboard (Arduino) in IoT
cloud [8]. An IoT cloud used to monitor healthcare using Arduino microcontroller [9-11]. While on [12] used
to control smart garden watering system.
This work-study the new pandemic coronavirus disease (Covid-19) fever detection method
according to World Human Organization (WHO) one of the accompaniment symptoms is human body
temperature increases above the normal (37 °C) [13-15]. Usually, a particular device used to measure the
human temperature at airports, companies, hospitals, malls and many other locations. Still, sometimes it

 ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec & Comp Eng, Vol. 11, No. 2, April 2021 : 1823 - 1829
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considers as a risky and tiring process to clients and monitoring manager users. The system model is a design
based on esp8266 controller to receive and send data across other components and ThingSpeak cloud, such
that the esp8266 controller connects with the cloud using Wi-Fi service. Ultrasonic (SR-04) is connected and
works as motion detection to notify the system model whenever someone passes. RFID (RC522) used to
identify the client information such as (name, time, date, and others). And finally, a temperature body sensor
(MAX30205) used to measure the temperature of each client.
After that, an SMS message with a new notification sends to the monitoring manager used by the
cloud when the system model detects a higher temperature. The remaining sections of this paper are formed
as follows. Section 2 establishes the research method. In Section 3, result and discussion explained. Section 4
summarizes the conclusions and the key aspects of this research work.
2. RESEARCH METHOD
2.1. ThingSpeak
ThingSpeak launched by ioBridge in 2010 to support IoT applications, ThingSpeak is involved with
MathWorks, which mean ThingSpeak supported from Matlab, and that leads to greatly help the users to
analyze and visualize the data received by the sensors and recently used in many applications like [16-18].
Since 2010 ThingSpeak is growing due to flexibility in use and good performance. ThingSpeak is an open-
source platform that related to internet of things (IoT) that used to store and recover the data by using several
protocols. Such as hypertext transfer protocol which is known as (HTTP) that is responsible for data
communication by another meaning user can access easily to other resources. The additional protocol is
message queuing telemetry Transport which is known as (MQTT) that transports message between devices on
remote areas. Figure 1 represents the connection of ThingSpeak with other things such as apps, web services, etc.
Figure 1. ThingSpeak connection
2.2. Hardware
2.2.1. NodeMCU (ESP8266)
NodeMCU is a low price sensor and an open-source (IoT) platform that used widely with (IoT)
application such that used to control temperature and humidity environment like [19]. And with apps that
used smart irrigation system [20]. NodeMCU processor can deal with (c/c++) like Arduino microcontroller.
Which consist of (30) pins, and these pins can be assigned with different duties. Such it that include the
(ADC channel) that are a (10-bit channel) or (PWM) or (UART interface) for serial code or (SPI, I2C and I2S
interface) to connect the sensors and (I2S interface) for projects that add sound with (128 KB) memory. And
storage of (4 MBs) that used a (USB) to feed the board with power Figure 2. Show node-MCU controller.
Figure 2. NodeMCU (ESP8266) controller

Int J Elec & Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708 
Covid-19 fever symptom detection based on IoT cloud (Mustafa Wassef Hasan)
1825
2.2.2. RFID (RC522)
RFID (radio-frequency identification) typically consist of RFID reader and RFID tags; the primary
mechanism of work depends on an electromagnetic field. Whenever the RFID tags nearby the RFID reader,
the tags send digital data to read that can be used to identify clothes, goods, peoples, and many others. The
tags identification range varies from a low range up to a long-range, RFID used in many applications such as
[21-23]. RFID (RC522) module operate at 13.56 MHZ and support SPI, I2C, and UART and consist of (8)
pins witch are (Vcc, RST, Ground, IRQ, MISO, MOSI, SCK, and SS) Figure 3 shows the RFID (RC522) and
RFID tag sensors.
(a) (b)
Figure 3. RFID sensor, (a) RFID (RC522), (b) RFID tag
2.2.3. Ultrasonic (SR-04)
Ultrasonic is a transceiver sensor that considers as distance sensor of an object that blocks the
transmitted signal, and ultrasonic transceiver describe the sensor that sends an electrical signal and convert it
into ultrasound energy and at the same time receive the ultrasound and turn it into an electrical signal.
Ultrasonic (SR-04) range varies between 2 cm-400 cm and used widely in different application like [24-26]. At
the same time, the (SR-04) consists of (4) pins which are (Vcc (power), Trig (send the signal), Echo (receive
the signal), and GND (ground)) Figure 4 show ultrasonic (SR-04) sensor.
Figure 4. Ultrasonic (SR-04) scheme
2.2.4. Human temperature sensor (MAX30205 (±0.1 
C))
Human body temperature (MAX30205) is a thermostat temperature that contributes a stable analytic
body temperature of certainty of 0.1 °C (37 °C to 39 °C). With a resolution of 16 bits (0.00390625°C),
MAX3025 operates in 0°C to + 50°C temperature range where the sensor converts the measurements into
digital readings using an analogue to digital converter (ADC), this sensor available as (8) pin package, Figure 5
shows typical application circuit. Table 1 shows the pin description of MAX30205.
Table 1. Pin description of MAX30205
Pin Name Function
1 VDD 3.3V Supply Voltage Input.
2 OS Overtemperature Shutdown Output.
3 SCL Serial-Data Clock Input.
4 SDA Serial-Data Input/Output Line.
5 GND Ground

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(a) (b)
Figure 5. Typical application circuit, (a) general lock, (b) circuit connection
2.3. System modelling
The first procedure after assembling the hardware components mentioned above software is written
to program system work, where ultrasonic (SR-04) is connected above an entrance door, such that when
clients (users) try to enter the ultrasonic (SR-04) will sense this movement and send notification (flags) to
(esp8266) to work. At the same time, the second procedure take action which related to the RFID (RC522)
reader to sense the RFID (tags) that each client has, which contains the full information about the clients like
(names, id number, address, etc.) that will be sent to (esp8266). The third procedure depends on temperature
body sensor (MAX30205), where each client will put any finger of his hand on the (MAX30205) sensor. By
then, the temperature of each entrance user is sent to the (esp8266) and check if it exceeds the allowed
temperature (37°C), an SMS message will be sent through the cloud (ThinSpeak) to the monitoring manager
with all of the information of the user.
The fourth procedure is mainly responsible for modifying the (ThinSpeak) cloud to be suitable for
executing the (SMS message) process, and this step performed using the (Apps) section in (ThingSpeak)
which allow creating a (ThingHTTP and React) with external web service called (IFTTT). If This Then That
known as (IFTTT) is a web service provide the required tools for the users to create (Applets) that can act in
response to specific trigger action. Where in this case the (React app) works as a trigger of an HTTP request
to the (IFTTT) applets to send the required message or notification automatically, many applications and
researches have been used with (IFTTT) services like [27, 28]. Due to the touching of the (MAX30205)
sensor by several clients, each client after entering the entrance door have to use antiseptic with a
concentration of 75% alcohol to grantee no infection will transfer through the sensor. Figure 6 show the
design scheme for the system model.
Figure 6. System model design

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Algorithm 1. Pseudocode of the system model
Initilize ultrasonic (SR-04) pins,Echo,Trig,Vcc,and Gnd;
Initilize RFID (RC522)pins, RST, IRQ, MISQ, MOSI, SCK, SS, Vcc, and Gnd;
Initilize Human temperature sensor (MAX30205), OS, SCL,SDA, VDD, and Gnd;
Initilize ESP8266, Wifi ssid, Wifi password;
Intilize IoT Cloud (ThingSpeak), channel number, APIKey;
while ultrasonic==true
if1 RFID(RC522)read==true // in case of RFID read the RFID tags
create an XML file of clients information;
//Read Human body temperature
if2 Human temperature (MAX30205)>37.5°C
Send the client information to IoT cloud;
// the client information send only when the temperature
exceeds the allowed
IoT cloud send an SMS message;
end if2
end if1
end while
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
After running the system model described in the previous section an Excel file created, that is
connected to the (esp8266) to show the client attendance history which contains full information of the
clients (date, time, name, and id number) with each one temperature measurement. The excel file is
connected to the (esp8266) through (PLX DAQ Vxxx) program witch allow the excel sheet to communicate
with any device supports the serial port protocol, originally developed to enable communication between
excel sheet and Arduino. As shown in (8) RFID tags are used to experience the system model, where it refers
to (8) clients, each one start to swipe his RFID tag and measure his temperature, the IoT cloud (ThingSpeak)
start to receive each client data by then a database is created as shown in Figure 7.
Since there is no one from the clients exceeds (38°C), it is assumed that the critical temperature
allowed is to be (37.5°C). As shown in Figure 7, the client called (HUSSIEN.A) with id number (2453)
reaches the critical temperature, such that immediately the cloud (ThingSpeak) will react through the (HTTP)
and send a notification with an SMS message using (IFTTT) to the monitoring manager to alarm him with
this situation. Figure 8 (a) shows a notification alarm reached the mobile device, while (b) shows the SMS
message reached.
ThingSpeak is capable of representing the received data from the system model as graphical
schemes to help the user for a better understanding Figure 9 show a continuous graphical representation for
the (8) clients collected temperature. It clearly shows the critical temperature happens at (4:09) for (12) hour
mode or (16:09) in (24) hour representation, while Figure 10 shows a discrete temperature representation.
Figure 7. Clients database

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(a) (b)
Figure 8. System monitoring instrument (a) notification received, (b) SMS message received
Figure 9. Continuous ThingSpeak temperature
representation
Figure 10. Discrete ThingSpeak temperature
representation
4. CONCLUSION
A system model is a design to help to detect Covid-19 by identifying the fever symptoms of several
clients enters private or public agencies. This model design consists of (esp8266 (Node-MCU), RFID (RC522),
ultrasonic (SR-04), human temperature body (MAX30205)), ThingSpeak IoT cloud, user monitoring tools,
IFTTT service. An SMS message with alarm notification sends to the monitoring manager with full data of
client information when the system spot higher temperature that can be referred to a fever symptom of
Covid-19. ThingSpeak cloud show a good and speed response to show the data received as a graphical
representation. Future work is suggested to use another cloud platform that can be used to stream a live video
of suspect cases with other social media applications.
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