IRJET- Pollution Monitoring and Controlling System using Internet of Things (IoT)

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 5484
Pollution monitoring and controlling system using Internet of Things
(IOT)
Mansi Agrawal, Chaitali Malewar, Utkarsha Thakre, Ashwini Bhosle
Student, Associate Professor
Department Of Electronics Engineering,
Shri Ramdeobaba College Of Engineering & Management, Nagpur, India
Abstract: The change of ecosystem and the surrounding
atmosphere by different forms of pollutants are called
environmental pollution.[1]The level of pollution has
increased with times by lot of factors like the increase in
population, increased vehicle uses, industrialization which
result in harmful effect on human well being by directly
affecting health of population exposed to it.[2]When the
objects like environment equipped with sensor devices,
microcontroller and various software applications becomes
a self-protecting and self monitoring environment and it is
also called as smart environment. The effects due to the
environmental changes on animals, plants and human
beings can be monitored and controlled by using
environmental monitoring and controlling system. By using
embedded intelligence into the environment makes the
environment interactive with other objectives. In this
project we can monitor the pollution level from anywhere
using sensor based control system.
Keywords: IOT, Monitoring system, controlling equipment,
sensors
I. INTRODUCTION
The main objective of Pollution Monitoring and controlling
system using IOT is that the pollution is a growing issue
nowadays. It is necessary to monitor the pollution and
keep it under control for better future and healthy living for
all. Due to flexibility and low cost IOT is getting popular day
by day with the urbanization and with the increase in the
vehicles on road the atmospheric conditions have
considerably affected. Harmful effect of pollution include
mild allergic reaction such as irritation of throat, eyes and
nose as well as some serious problems like heart diseases,
pneumonia, lung and asthma. The main aim of this paper is
to design and implement an pollution monitoring and
controlling system through which the required parameters
are monitored using internet and the data gathered from
the sensors are stored in the cloud and to project the
estimated trend on the web browser. For controlling
purpose we set the reference level for each sensor if
pollution level goes above the reference level then
controlling equipment gets started.
II. PURPOSE OF THE SYSTEM
We propose an air quality as well as sound pollution and
temperature monitoring system that allow us to monitor
and check live air quality as well as sound pollution and
temperature of an environment through IOT. System uses
air quality sensor to sense the presence of harmful gases
and constantly transmit this data, also system keep
measuring sound level and temperature level and report it.
The sensor interact with ATMEGA 16 Which processes this
data and transmits it over the application. This allows
authorities to monitor pollution in particular area and act
again it.
III. IOT
The Internet of Things is an ecosystem of connected
physical objects that are accessible through the internet. It
is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical
and digital machines or people that are provided with
unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a
network without requiring human-to-human,
human-to-computer interaction. Embedded with
electronics, Internet connectivity, and other forms of
Hardware (such as sensors) these devices can
communicate and interact with others over the Internet
and they can be monitored and controlled.The embedded
technology in the objects helps them to interact with
internal states or the external environment,which in turn
affects the decisions taken.
IV. SYSTEM COMPOSITION
 ATMEGA 16 MICROCONTROLLER
ATMEGA 16 is an 8 bit high performance micro controller
of ATMEL Mega AVR family with low power consumption.
ATMEGA 16 is based on enhanced RISC architecture with
powerful instructions.By executing powerful instructions
in a single clock cycle, the ATmega16 achieves. ‘AT’ refers to
ATMEL the manufacturer, ‘Mega’ means that the
microcontroller belong to Mega AVR category, ‘16’ signifies
the memory of the controller, which is 16KB. Some of the
essential features of ATmega16 are 131 powerful
instructions – most single-clock cycle execution, up to 16
MIPS throughput at 16 MHz, 16k bytes of in-system
self-programmable flash program memory, 8-channel,
10-bit ADC, Master/Slave Serial Peripheral
Interface.Operating voltage is within a range of 2.7 - 5.5V
for ATmega16L.

 ESP 8266 WIFI MODULE
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is a self contained SOC with
integrated TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any micro
controller access to your Wi-Fi network. Wi-Fi module is a
capable of either hosting an application or off loading all
Wi-Fi networking function from another application
processor.Every ESP8266 module comes pr-programmed
with an AT command set firmware, meaning we can simply
connect to the micro controller.
 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
Some of the research work has been implemented in
monitoring green-house environment, home automation,
distributed solar panels, high voltage switch gears in
substations. Temperature is one of the main parameter
which needs to be monitor in various application areas.
The main objectives of this research are: Continuous
monitoring as well as controlling of temperature, designing
of GUI window and to transmit the real time data serially on
the PC in the form of graph. Nowadays, the human kind is
moving towards the new technologies by replacing the
manual operations to automatic controlled devices. One of
the basic requirements of the people during hot weather is
a cooling fan. But, the speed of the fan can be controlled by
manual operation using a manual switch namely fan
regulator or dimmer. By turning the dimmer, the fan speed
can be altered. It can be watch in some places like where
the temperature is high during the morning though the
temperature falls down radically at night time. The users do
not understand the difference in temperature. Hence to
overcome the speed of the fan here is a solution to vary
according to temperature. This project will convert the
manual fan into automatic fans. If a fan is required that
means if the temperature goes beyond the reference
temperature, the fan will start and if it does not crosses the
value it remains to be turned off. The reference value is set
according to the convenience.
 AIR QUALITY SENSOR
Due to the increase in vehicles and industries quality of air
has become worse and it has affected living beings.
Diseases like asthma and other respiratory disorders have
increased drastically even with children below the age of
ten. Chimney from industries releases lots of harmful gases,
though air control monitoring is established in most parts
of the world. Still increase in industries has caused a major
air pollution problem. This creates a toxic atmosphere
around the factories and spoils the well being of a human.
With the drastic evolution in the field if the Internet of
Things (IOT) it is made possible to monitor the amount of
toxic substances in air particles and can even control the
quality of air. The objective is to develop a system which
can sense the amount of toxic particles in air using the air
quality sensor. The quality of air is controlled over the web
using a dedicated server. When the toxic particles in the air
like CO2 increase, an alarm will be triggered. Air quality in
PPM is displayed on the web server when the toxicity in the
air crosses the threshold value and automatically air
purifier gets switched on, and it detoxifies the air. This
device can be installed anywhere and when pollution
crosses the safe value some external devices can be
triggered, like displaying an alert message on the LCD
display or can send a notification to all the people over
there through a speaker or via SMS by using a GSM module.
The proposed system is linked with a cloud service. The
system enables to monitor the exact amount of pollutants at
the given time slot. The data will be stored in the database
for comparing it with the value obtained in future
executions. For each execution, the database will be
modified. The final resultant includes a line graph that
depicts the amount of pollutants ranging from each time
slot. If the amount of pollutants is increasing graph will be
growing. If it decreases then the graph will be diminishing.
 SOUND SENSOR
The sound sensor is able to record noise levels because of
its integrated microphone. It is able to analyze the
surrounding ambient sound in the audible frequency
spectrum for the human ear, showing collected data in db.
This information is essential in places with high levels of
noise pollution or with restrictions on noise levels. The
sensor registers information of sound level on a specific
time (measurements each predetermined interval of time)
or continuous (levels reached during a period of time) in
the area in which it is located. Further more, it provides an
analysis classified in percentile and absolute maximum,
allowing the user to control the acoustic levels of a
neighborhood , factory, etc. and to proceed with its
improvement by taking the necessary actions.
V. IMPLEMENTATION
The generalized block diagram representation show in
figure 1.This system monitor the current pollution
status .This will update in the web server. So, we can
monitor anywhere through the internet. The block diagram
consist of three sensor(air quality sensor, temperature
sensor, sound sensor) and ATMEGA 16 micro controller.
The sensors are connected to the micro controller which
receives the value and convert into digital form and those
values are updated in the web server.
Temperature sensor and air quality sensor give the output
in analog form.ADC are inbuilt in micro controller which
covert the analog input from the sensor into digital form
and display the value on 16x2 LCD. The Wi-Fi module is a
self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
that can give any micro controller access to your Wi-Fi
network. Wi-Fi router is used to provide access to the
internet. The data gathered from the sensors are stored in
the cloud and analysis results will be available to the end

user through the Wi-Fi on web page.
Fig 1: Block Diagram Representation
VI. DESCRIPTION
In the circuit diagram we used the ATMEGA 16 micro
controller and three sensor which is air, sound and
temperature sensor .This sensor interact with ATMEGA 16
Which processes this data .ESP8266 connecting with
ATMEGA 16.ESP 8266 runs on 3.3V and if we give it 5V
from the microcontroller then it won’t work properly and it
may get damage. So we will have to make a voltage divider
for it which will convert the 5V into 3.3V.Connect the TX
pin of the ESP 8266 to the pin 15 of the micro controller
and
then it won’t work properly and it may get damage. So we
will have to make a voltage divider for it which will convert
the 5V into 3.3V.Connect the TX pin of the ESP 8266 to the
pin 15 of the micro controller and The RX pin of the ESP
8266 to the pin 14 of the micro controller.ESP 8266 Wi-Fi
module gives our project access to Wi-Fi or internet. It is
very cheap device and makes our project very powerful. It
can communicate with any micro controller and it is the
most leading devices in the IOT platform. Then we will
connect The MQ135 (Air quality sensor) with the
microcontroller. Connect the VCC and GND pin of the
sensor to the 5V and ground of the microcontroller and the
analog pin of the sensor to the pin number 37 of the
microcontroller. The MQ135 sensor can sense CO2, smoke,
NH3 and some other gases. In our project air quality
sensor can sense the CO2 gas, and give the output in the
form of PPM (part per million).The LM35 (temperature
sensor) are used to monitor the temperature level of
particular areas. The LM 35 sensor are connect with the
pin number 38 of the micro controller and connect the VCC
and GND pin of the sensor to the 5V and ground of the
micro controller. Sound sensor is used to monitor the
sound level. The data gathered from the sensors are stored
in the cloud and display on web browser in the form of
graph. For controlling purpose we set the reference level
for each sensor if pollution level goes above the reference
level then controlling equipment gets started. For air quality
sensor we used air filter as a controlling device and for
temperature sensor we used cooling fan as a controlling
device.
VII. CONCLUSION
This project deals about the well fare of the society which
would be beneficiary for all peoples by avoiding themselves
from pollution. The air and sound pollution monitoring
system overcomes the problem of the highly-polluted areas
which is a major issue and the temperature sensors are
used to monitor the temperature level of environment. It
supports the new technology and effectively supports the
healthy life concept. It can interact with other objects
through the network, Then the collected data and analysis
results will be available to the end user through the Wi-Fi
on web page and also monitor the pollution and keep it
under control for better future and healthy living for all.
REFERENCES
[1] Himadari Nath Saha, Shivesh Pandey and Ankita Maity
“pollution control using internet of things” Bangkok,
Thailand ,Issue 16-18 August .2017.
[2] Kennedy Okokpujie, Etinosa Noma-Osaghae and Oluga
Oluwatosin “A smart air pollution monitoring system”
Covenant University, Ogun State,Nigeria,Issue 9
September 2018
[3] Poonam Pal ,Ritik Gupta ,Sanjana Tiwari and Ashutosh
Sharma “Iot based air pollution monitoring system”
M.P,India , Issue 10 October 2017
[4] Riteeka Nayak,Malaya Ranjan Panigrahy,vivek kumar
Rai and T Appa Rao “Iot based air pollution monitoring
system”, Vol-3,Issue 4,2017

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