IRJET- IoT – Based Wireless Sensors for Environmental Monitoring and Smart Garbage Monitoring

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1006
IOT – BASED WIRELESS SENSORS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
AND SMART GARBAGE MONITORING
Aravindhan R1, Arun S B2, Saran Venkatesh S3
1,2,3UG Student, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract - A system where the garbage management is
effectively monitored with minimal intervention of manual
effort is known as smart garbage management. In smart
garbage management, the data is collected with the help
of sensor, processed with a controller and is interfaced
with the wireless technology. The data which is processed
is checked for criticality and based on the need, the data is
sent to the authorized persons with the help of internet.
The sensor plays a major role in monitoring the humidity
in a particular region. The sensed data is sent to the
nearest control station. A GPS is interfaced with the
sensing module to track the location and the nearest
control station.
Key Words: Sensor, GSM Module, Raspberry Pi, Smart
Garbage Management.
1. INTRODUCTION
The major concern in the current situation is to keep a
city clean with minimum effort and maximal gain. The
failure of the garbage management would lead to a
serious polluting factor which would adversely affect the
health condition of people and the environment. The
current system available depends on a maximum manual
effort to manage the waste. At most cases, this
management is challenging as there would be a variation
in pollution density. This variation in the density of
pollution makes it difficult to determine the area which
requires immediate attention. Hence some areas which
would require immediate attention is left unattended.
This factor contributes to a high rate of pollution. In the
manual maintenance of waste, the accuracy of need and
the speed of action is very less when compared to the
automated smart garbage management system. The
smart garbage management system plays a vital role in
maintaining environmental health. The system
comprises of sensors which help is collecting the data at
its peak of accuracy. The data thus fetched needs to be
processed. The processed data is fed into a controller
which helps to control the functionality of the system by
transmitting the data according to its importance to the
nearest control station. A GPS tracker is positioned in the
smart garbage management which tend to track the
location which requires immediate attention. IOT is a
technology which is used to transmit the processed data
and location to the control center via the internet.
2. EXISTING SYSTEM
2.1 ARDUINO WITH GSM MODEM IN GARBAGE
MANAGEMENT:
This system uses a platform based on Arduino UNO
which acts as a controller and processor to fetch the
data. The information thus obtained is transmitted to the
concerned authority with the help of a GSM modem. This
system the sensor was placed on the top of the bin. Once
the bin is filled the sensor senses the data and the data is
shared to the control station to empty the bin.
2.2 MICROCONTROLLER WITH IR WIRELESS SYSTEM
IN GARBAGE MANAGEMENT:
This system uses a micro-controller which is interfaced
with the wireless technology and a sensor to collect data
and the data is sent to the centralized system. The data is
shared with the authority via the webpage. This system
used a weight based sensor to reduce cost.
2.3 ULTRASONIC SENSOR WITH GSM MODEM IN
GARBAGE MANAGEMENT:
This system used an ultrasonic sensor to fetch the data
based on bin condition. The data is passed to the control
center with the GSM modem. The system uses a MATLAB
based GUI to transfer the data to the destined authority.
The system consists of a slave and a master unit. The
slave unit was the bin and the master unit was the
control center.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
This system is based on IoT technology which
incorporates the data processed from raspberry pi and
the sensors. Based on criticality the processed
information is shared to the destined control center via
the internet. The data is accessed in the web and the
alert is also shared to the authority via SMS. This system
uses a GPS module. The need of the GPS module is to
track the location that which requires immediate
attention.

3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Block diagram shows the interface of hardware modules
used in IOT based smart garbage management. The
Raspberry PI acts as a master unit in processing and
controlling the data obtained from various sensors. The
GPS module is used to track the location and coveys the
information both to the master unit and the control
center. The controller function is fed to the raspberry pi
with the help of SD card duped with code. The code used
in this system uses Python language which is supported
by Raspbian Jessie OS. The information is passed to the
authorized center which is viewed on the web. The
protocol used is HTTP and UTP.
3.1.1 RASPBERRY PI MODEL B
The Raspberry Pi Model B has an inbuilt WiFi, Bluetooth
and USB boot capabilities. It has 1.2GHZz 64bit quad-
core processor.
The block diagram shows the capabilities of the
Raspberry Pi. It has an I/O port which is used to connect
with other hardware devices. The module consists of the
Central processing unit which is used to process the data
fed. It's generally 3 times faster than the Ethernet.
3.1.2 GPS DEVICE
The GPS device is used to track the location based on the
information received from GPS satellites. GPS receiver
receives the data transmitted from the GPS satellites.
The transmission and signals are sent at the same time.
Based on the difference in time taken for reception from
transmission of signals the distance is calculated and the
location is spotted.
3.1.3 SENSORS
The system uses four different sensors to determine the
accurate need and time to clean a particular area. The
different sensors used are:
TEMPERATURE SENSOR
The functional diagram represents the temperature
sensor used which is LM35. The output voltage is
linearly proportional to the temperature sensed. It has a
very low self-heating capacity and draws very less power
of about 60 micro Ampere current from the power
supply.
HUMIDITY SENSOR
The diagram shows the humidity sensor DHT 11. It has
high reliability and long term stability. The sensor
incorporates a resistive element and a wet NTC. It works
on a 5V supply voltage.

GAS SENSOR
The gas sensor used is MQ6. This is an LPG gas sensor. It
is used is detecting the gas leakage in consumer and in
industry levels. The sensor requires a supply voltage of
5V. The sensor is used to detect gases like LPG, iso-
butane, propane. The sensor is highly sensitive. A
potentiometer is used to adjust the sensitivity of the
sensor.
ULTRASONIC SENSOR
Ultrasonic sensors use the ultrasonic waves to measure
the distance. The distance is calculated based on the
transmitted and received signals. The distance is
calculated with the formula L=1/2*T*C.
3.2 FLOW CHART
The flow of the smart garbage management system is
that the environment is continuously monitored with
factors such as temperature, humidity, gas level with the
help of sensors. The ultrasonic sensor is used to detect
the distance up to which the area is affected. The values
thus collected are processed and the condition is
checked. If the values exceed the threshold value then
the GPS is triggered to track the location. The location
thus tracked is sent to the nearest control unit with help
of IOT technology. The values are monitored and the
area is tracked via the web page.
4. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
The smart garbage management system is the most
required technology to maintain environmental health.
The system detects the area where the garbage needs to
be monitored and the required action is taken to clean
up the place immediately by transferring the information
collected to the nearest control center. The system will
be improvised by implementing an automated recycling
process which would reduce pollution to a greater
extent.
5. REFERENCES:
[1] Marian Look, “Trash Plant: India”, earth911B.
[2] Basic Feature, “Solid Waste Management Project by
MCGM”.
[3] Microtronics Technologies, “GSM based garbage and
waste collection bins overflow indicator”, September
2013.
[4] Hindustan Embedded System, “City Garbage
collection indicator using RF (ZigBee) and GSM
technology”.
[5] Z embedded, “GSM modem interfacing with 8051 for
SMS” August 2012

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