IRJET- IoT based Air Pollution Monitoring System to Create a Smart Environment

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7856
IOT BASED AIR POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM TO CREATE A
SMART ENVIRONMENT
K. BlessyEvangelin1, M. Thurai Pandian 2
1PG Student, Department of CSE, Lord Jagannath college of engineering and technology, Tamil nadu, India
2Associate professor , Department of CSE, Lord Jagannath college of engineering and technology, Tamil nadu, India
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Abstract - Air quality has been contrarily influenced by
modern exercises, which have caused uneven characters in
nature. The issue of air contamination has turnedintoamajor
worry for some individuals, particularlythoselivinginmodern
zones. Air contamination levels can be estimated utilizing
brilliant sensors. Moreover InternetofThings(IoT)innovation
can be coordinated toremotelyidentifycontamination with no
human association. The information accumulated by such a
framework can be transmitted in a split second to an
electronic application to encourage checking ongoing
information and permit impending danger the board. In this
paper a whole web of things framework that screens Air
contamination by gathering ongoing information in explicit
areas. This information in brokedownandestimatedagainsta
foreordained limit. The gathered information is sent to the
concerned authority association to tell them in the event of
any infringement with the goal that they can take the
fundamental measures. Moreover if the estimation of the
deliberate poisons surpasses the edge , a cautionframework is
activated taking a few activities to caution the encompassing
individuals.
Key Words: Air pollution monitoring system; Android;
sensors; GPS; Cloud; Distributed systems; Air-pollution
safe route; Air quality index.
1. INTRODUCTION
Remote sensor systems (WSNs) are dynamicallyinfluencing
regular living. A WSN is a system comprising of sensor hubs.
Every sensor can distinguish certain variables like
pneumatic force, air organization, and water quality. WSNs
are utilized in a wide assortment of settings, including
individual space, mechanical floors, horticulture, home
utility checking frameworks, plant mechanization, car, and
numerous different fields. WSNs are identified with the idea
of IoT. In IoT, gadgets are interconnected to transmit
information by means of conveyed sensor systems. IOT has
valuable applications in the therapeutic field. Gadgets, for
example, cell phones and detecting frameworks can be
related to make a foundation that gives access to social
insurance data and administrations. This approach is
referred to as “Mobile-Health” [1]. Air is the most
indispensable constituent of condition for the sustenance of
life on earth. In unadulterated air, the extent of various
constituents like oxygen,nitrogenanddifferentgasesisfixed
and distinct. It might be noticed that air can't be
unadulterated in light of the fact that a few gases like sulfur
dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, outflow from
volcanoes and bogs, salt shower, dusts from plants and so
forth., are persistently added to the air by a characteristic
procedures. Thus, air is polluted when its natural
composition is disturbed either by natural or man-made
sources.
The issue of air contamination hasturnedintoa majorworry
for some individuals, particularly those living modern
regions. A huge number of individuals overall bite the dust
as a result of air contamination. Huge numbers of these
passings happen in enormous urban areas, air exhaust from
vehicles, control plants fills the air with perilous particles.
Therefore, the dimension of unsafe gases is risky to people,
creatures, and plants. Indoor air contamination and urban
air quality are viewed as two of the world's most noticeably
awful dangerous contamination issues.
1.1 Classification of Air Pollutants
Air pollutants are of two types
 Primary air pollutants
 Secondary air pollutants
1.1.1 Primary Air Pollutants
These are the unsafe synthetic which straightforwardlygoes
into air because of characteristic occasions or human
exercises. For instance, when carboncontainingsubstance is
singed, it will discharge CO2 and/or CO to climate. These
gases straightforwardly going into environment impact the
biosphere or named as essential toxins. It is seen that there
are for the most part five essential poisons which contribute
together over 90% of worldwide air contamination. These
are in particular carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen oxides
(NO2), Oxides of sulfur (SO2), Hydrocarbons (HC) and
particulates. Transportation represents more than 46 % of
the complete poisons createdeveryyearandhenceforth stay
as the guideline wellspring of air contamination. Carbon
monoxide is the significantindividual aircontaminationwith
a tonnage coordinating that of all other toxin together.

1.1.2 Secondary Air Pollutants
These are the harmful chemicals produced in air due to
chemical reaction in between two or more components that
is the reaction in-between primary air pollutant and some
components of air. Usually, the primary air pollutants suffer
chemical changes in presence of H2O, O2 and ultraviolet
radiation of sun to form secondary pollutants.
2. PROBLEM DEFINITION
Air pollution in large urban areas has a drastic effect on
humans and the environment. Ecological issues in India are
growing quickly. Air contamination is mainly caused by
vehicles and industries which cause various respiratory
diseases such as asthma and sinusitis. The quality of air is
inferior inmetropolitancitieslikeKolkata,Delhi,andMumbai
due to a large amount of carbon dioxide and other harmful
gases emitted from vehicles and industries.
An extensive number of projects have been described in the
literature that utilize low-cost air pollution sensing devices
that can be carried by individuals or by versatile vehicles [9].
In two studies, [10] [11], the authors demonstrated an
environmental sensing approach that reinvigorate attention
and sympathy of citizens toward pollution. Exposure Sense
[12] is a portable participatory sensing framework that is
used to screen one’s everyday activities.
In another study [13], the authors present a cloud-based
systemthatusesknowledge-baseddiscoverytofindreal-time
air quality data. The data arecollectedbymonitoringstations
that are placed in various geo-locations. This system uses
mobile clients for monitoring purposes.
Re et al. [14] presented an Android application which
provides users with information about air quality. By joining
user area information and metropolitan air quality data
provided by monitoring stations, this application provides a
ubiquitousand unobtrusivemonitoring [15] frameworkthat
is ready to advise users about their daily air pollution
exposure.
Reshi et al. [16] designed a WSN platform, called VehNode,
that provided automobiles with the capacity to monitor the
level of pollutants in smoke released by the vehicle.
Mujawar e al. [17] outlined an air pollution contamination
measuring system utilizing WSN for use in Solapur City.
Micro-sensor nodes detect the target gas by measuring the
sensing layer’s electrical conductivity. When the gases touch
the surface of the sensor they are assimilated and the
conductivity changes. Also, asemiconductorsensorisusedat
the emission outlet of the vehicle to sense the level of
pollutants and transmit this level to the microcontroller [7].
3. PROPOSED WORK
The main objectives of this proposed architecture is
 To aid in reducing human health problems due to
industrial activities.
 To find solutions for the increasing problems of
harmful gases amounting from industrial activities.
In the paper "IoTbasedaircontaminationobserving
framework utilizing arduino", we depict a total brilliant
framework to control air contamination, subsequently
making a keen situation. Air contamination levels can be
levels can be estimated utilizing shrewd sensors. Moreover,
Internet of Things innovation can be coordinated to
remotely, identify contamination with no human
collaboration. The information accumulated by such a
framework can be transmitted in a split second to an online
application to encourage checking ongoing information and
permit impending danger the board. These information is
examined and estimated a foreordained edge. The gathered
information is send to theconcernedauthorityassociationto
advise them on the off chance that any infringementwith the
goal that they can take the important measures. Moreover if
the estimation of the deliberatetoxinssurpassesthelimit,an
alert framework is activated takinga fewactivitiestocaution
the encompassing individuals. Internet of Things (IoT)
technology can be integrated to remotely detect pollution
without any human interaction .An entire Internet of Things
system that monitors air pollution by collecting real time
data in specific locations.Thisdata isanalyzedandmeasured
against a predetermined threshold. The collected data is
send to concerned official organizationto notifythemincase
of any violation so that they can take the necessary
measures.
3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM:

4. Hardware Required
4.1 Arduino UNO
The Arduino UNO is an open-source microcontroller board
based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller and
developed by arduino. The board is equipped with sets of
digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be
interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other
circuits. The board has 14 Digital pins, 6 Analog pins, and
programmable with the Arduino IDE (Integrated
Development Environment) via a type B USB cable. It can be
powered by a USB cable or by an external 9 volt battery,
though it accepts voltages between 7 and 20 volts. It is also
similar to the Arduino Nano and Leonardo. The hardware
reference design is distributed under Common Creative
Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and is available on the
arduino website. Layout and production files for some
versions of the hardware are also available. "UNO" means
one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino
Software (IDE) 1.0.The UNO board and version 1.0 of
arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of
arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The UNO board is
the first in a series of USB arduino boards, and the reference
model for the arduino platform. The ATmega328P on the
arduino UNO comes pre programmedwitha bootloaderthat
allows uploading new code to it without the use of an
external hardware programmer. It communicates using the
original STK500 protocol. The UNO also differs from all
preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-
serial driver chip. Instead, it uses the
Atmega16U(Atmega8U2 up to version R2)programmedasa
USB-to-serial converter.
Fig -1: Arduino Board
4.2 DTH 11 Humidity Sensor
DHT11 Humidity Sensor features a temperature & humidity
sensor complex with a calibrated digital signal output. By
using the exclusive digital-signal-acquisition technique and
temperature & humidity sensing technology, it ensures high
reliability and excellent long-term stability. This sensor
includes a resistive-type humiditymeasurementcomponent
and an NTC temperature measurement component. The
single-wire serial interface makes system integration quick
and easy. Its small size, low power consumption and up-to-
20 meter signal transmission making it the best choice for
various applications, including those most demanding ones.
The component is 4-pin single row pin package. It is
convenient to connect and special packages can be provided
according to users’ request.
Fig -2: DTH 11 Humidity Sensor
4.3 MQ 7 Gas Sensor
Sensitive material of MQ-7 gas sensor is SnO2, which with
lower conductivity in clean air. It make detection by method
of cycle high and low temperature, and detect CO when low
temperature (heated by 1.5V). The sensor’s conductivity is
more higher along with the gas concentration rising. When
high temperature (heated by 5.0V), it detects Methane,
Propane etc combustible gas and cleans the other gases
adsorbed under low temperature. .MQ-7gassensorhashigh
sensitivity to Carbon Monoxide, Methane and LPG. The
sensor could be used to detect different gases contains CO
and combustible gases, it is with low cost and suitable for
different application
Fig -3: MQ 7 Gas Sensor
4.4 LCD
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is used to display the output to
the user in the form of GUI (Graphic User Interface) and a
mono chromatic display. LCD usedinthisprojectisJHD162A
series. There are 16 pins in all. They are numbered from left
to right 1 to 16 (if you are reading from the backside).

Generating custom charcters on LCD is not very hard. It
requires the knowledge about custom generated random
access memory (CG-RAM) of LCD and the LCD chip
controller. Most LCDs contain Hitachi HD4478 controller.
CG-RAM is the main component in making custom
characters. It stores the custom characters once declared in
the code. CG-RAM size is 64 byte providing the option of
creating eight characters at a time. Each character is eight
byte in size.
Fig -4: LCD
5. Software Required
5.1 Arduino IDE
The ArduinoIntegratedDevelopmentEnvironment(IDE)isa
cross-platform application (for Windows,Macos,Linux)that
is written in the programming language Java. It is used to
write and upload programs to Arduino board.The source
code for the IDE is released under the GNUGeneral Public
License, version 2. The Arduino IDE supports the languages
C and C++ using special rules of code structuring. The
Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the
Wiringproject, which provides many common input and
output procedures. User-written code only requires two
basic functions, for starting thesketchandthemainprogram
loop, that are compiled and linked with a program stub
main() into an executable cyclic executive program with the
GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE distribution. The
Arduino IDE employs the program avrdude to convert the
executable code into a text file in hexadecimal encoding that
is loaded into the Arduino board by a loader program in the
board's firmware.
5.2 Thingspeak
ThingSpeak is an open-source Internet of Things (IoT)
application and API to store and retrieve data from things
using the HTTP protocol over the Internetorvia a Local Area
Network. ThingSpeak enables the creation of sensor logging
applications, location tracking applications, and a social
network of things with status updates".ThingSpeak was
originally launched by Io Bridge in 2010 as a service in
support of IoT applications. ThingSpeak has integrated
support from the numerical computing software MATLAB
from Math Works, allowing ThingSpeak userstoanalyzeand
visualize uploaded data using Mat lab without requiring the
purchase of a Mat lab license from Mathworks. ThingSpeak
has a close relationship with Math works, Inc. In fact, all of
the ThingSpeak documentation is incorporated into the
Mathworks' Matlab documentation site and even enabling
registered Mathworks user accounts as valid login
credentials on the ThingSpeak website.The terms of service
and privacy policyof ThingSpeak.com are between the
agreeing user and Mathworks, Inc.
6. RESULTS
A complete smart system to control air pollution, hence
creating a smart environment that utilizes comprehensive
intelligent service aimed at monitoring air pollution. Our
approach seeks to protect residents living near industrial
areas by reporting such environmental violation to the
government affiliated authorities.
Fig -5: Hardware Implementation
Designed the Android application using the Google App-
Inventor Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and
Java programming language. The Android application
communicates withthemicrocontrollerthroughThingSpeak
cloud. Using the REST API request methods such as GET,
POST, PUT, and DELETE, we can createa channel andupdate
its feed, update an existing channel, clear a channel feed,and
delete a channel. We sent a Java Script Object Notation
(JSON) GET Request to ThingSpeak by using REST API Web
Service and channel ID and field number within its
parameters. We received the response from ThingSpeak in
JSON format and populated the tables in the Android
application by using JSON Parser. The end users run the
Android application and it allows them to monitor the real-

time temperature and humidity readings for the monitored
area e.g. a room. The user authentication interface is shown
in Figure 4.5. Our application is efficient, flexible with a user
friendly graphic user interface (GUI). The user
authentication feature of the application verifies the
authorized users through login and password.
Fig -6: Mobile Application view
Fig -7: Mobile Application view of Data
7. CONCLUSION
The created air quality checking and perception framework
precisely estimated the grouping of poisons carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide,smokeandresidueinclimate.The
sensor has been coordinated with IoT structure which has
proficiently been utilized to quantify and screen the
contaminations continuously. This framework beats the
issue of contamination observing, wellbeing checking,
vocation estimation, supportability evaluations and
estimation related fields. The information'sarenaturallyput
away in the database; this data can be utilized by the experts
to take brief activities. It additionally causes the typical
individuals to think about the measure of contaminations in
their general vicinity and to take control measures. This is a
vigorous framework which is helpful in businesses due to
the expanding contamination because of increment in
ventures. This framework is easy to understand and cost of
the item is reasonable. This framework is checking just five
parameters and henceforth can be extended by considering
more parameters that reason thecontaminationparticularly
by the ventures.
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