Brain chips ppt
- 1. Author: S.MOHAMMED RIZWAN II YEAR CE SRI DURGADEVI POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE TIRUVALLUR DISTRICT BRAIN CHIPS
- 2. INTRODUCTION • The Brian chip technology is associated with a brain computer interface chip, computer and brain. • The Brain chip is so called because it is implantable computer chip in brain. • Brain Chip consists of both biological and electronics terms.
- 3. • Brain chips can enhance memory of human beings, help paralyzed patients and are intended for military purposes. • It acts as sensors that may soon assist failing memory, but even provide fluency in a new language.
- 4. WHAT IS A BRAIN CHIP ? o A chip in the Braingate system is of 100 hair thin electrodes. o It senses electromagnetic signature of Neutrons. o The Brain chip provides fast and reliable connection between the brain of a severely disabled person and personal computer
- 5. What is Braingate Technology ? Braingate is a technology that can be implemented in the brain. When it is implemented in the brain, the electrical signal is exchanged by neurons within the brain. Those signals are sent to the brain and it executes body movement. All the signalling process is handled by a special software. The signal is sent to the computer and then the computer is controlled by patient.
- 6. BRAIN GATE EMPOWERING THE HUMAN BRAIN: The BrainGate System is used to sense, transmit, analyze and apply the language of neurons. The System consists of a sensor that is implanted on the motor cortex of the brain and a device that analyzes brain signals. This sensor consists of a tiny Chip with hundred electrode sensors-each thinner than a hair that detects brain cell electrical activity.
- 7. With intact brain function, brain signals are generated even though they are not sent to the arms, hands and legs. The signals are interpreted and transmitted into cursor movements. Principle
- 8. HARDWARE COMPONENTS THE CHIP THE CONNECTOR THE CONVERTER AND THE COMPUTER
- 9. 1. The chip • A Four millimeter square silicon chip studded with 100 hair-thin, micro electrodes is embedded in brain’s primary motor cortex. • The sensors detects tiny electrical signals generated when a user imagines.
- 10. 2. The Connector The signal from the brain is transmitted through the pedestal plug attached to the skull. 3. The Converter The signal travels to an amplifier where it is converted to optical data and bounced by fibre-optic cable to a computer.
- 11. • A brain-computer interface uses electrophysiological signals to control remote devices. • The Brain Computer Interface which are invasive is prerefrable. • The electrodes pick up the brain’s electrical activity (at the microvolt level) and carry it into amplifiers. • These amplifiers amplify the signal approximately ten thousand times and then pass the signal via an analog to digital converter to a computer for processing. • The computer processes the EEG signal and uses it in order to accomplish tasks such as communication and environmental control. 4. The Computer
- 12. Software behind BrainGate System uses algorithms and pattern matching techniques to facilitate communication. The algorithms are written in C, JAVA and MATLAB. Signal processing software algorithms analyzes the electrical activity of neurons and translates it into control signals for use in various computer-based applications. SOFTWARE BEHIND BRAINGATE
- 13. • Brain implants enhance capability of human organs and senses. • It has a significant role to play in future genetic engineering fields and neuro science. • Futurists predict that from there, super human artificial intelligence won't be far behind. BRAIN IMPLANT
- 14. INTERFACE • The easiest and least invasive method is to use a device with a set of electrode known as an electroencephalograph (EEG) -attached to the scalp. • The electrodes can read brain signals. • To get a higher resolution signal, scientists can implant electrodes directly into the gray matter of the brain itself, or on the surface of the brain, beneath the skull.
- 15. BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A BCI SYSTEM INCORPORATING SIGNAL DETECTION, PROCESSING AND DEPLOYMENT
- 17. The first patient, Matthew Nagle, a 25 year old man with a severe spinal cord injury, has been paralyzed from the neck down since 2001. Nagle is unable to move his arms and legs after he was stabbed in the neck. First Experimented on ……
- 18. Applications: • Navigate Internet. • Play Computer Games. • Turn Lights On and Off. • Control Television. • Control Robotic Arm.
- 19. This technology is well supported by the latest fields of • Biomedical Instrumentation, • Micro electronics, signal processing, • Artificial Neural Networks and Robotics which has overwhelming developments. • Hope these systems will be effectively implemented for many Biomedical applications.
- 20. FUTURE CONTINUED.. • Another brain implant aims to help the blind regain their sight. A microchip implanted in the visual cortex, would communicate with a camera inside special glasses.
- 21. Benefits of Brain Chips • It will increase the dynamic ranging of senses. • It will give light to blind and give paralyzed patients full mental control of limbs. • No genetic modifications in the next generation. • Rescue missions (remote controlled rat).
- 22. Disadvantages: • Research is still in the beginning stages. • The current technology is crude. • Ethical issues may prevent its development. • Electrodes outside of the skull can detect very few electric signals from the brain. • Electrodes placed inside the skull create scar tissue in the brain.
- 23. The BrainGate helps the patients who cannot perform even simple actions without the help of another person. Such paitents are able to do things like checking e-mails, turn the TV on or off, and control a prosthetic arm with just their thoughts. BrainChip technology does not promise miracles.For instance, say that a paralysed man will one day walk using an artificial leg by his thoughts alone. CONCLUSION
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