biochip technology
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Biochip technology allows for thousands of biological reactions to be performed simultaneously on a solid substrate the size of a fingernail. A biochip implant system consists of a transponder implanted beneath the skin which contains an identification number, and a reader which activates the transponder and receives the ID number. Biochips have applications in animal tracking, e-commerce, passports, medical diagnostics, and other areas due to their ability to store personal data, though they also raise privacy concerns if implanted without consent.
biochip technology
- 2. OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION HISTORY COMPONENTS OF BIOCHIP WORKING OF BIOCHIPS BIOCHIP IMPLANT APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES FUTURE CONCLUSION REFERENCES
- 3. INTRODUCTION • Collection of miniaturized test sites(microarrays) arranged on a solid substrate. • Permits many tests to be performed at the same time. • Surface area is no longer than a fingernail. • Perform thousands of biological reactions in a few seconds. • Used to analyze organic molecules associated with living organisms. • Help in identifying gene sequences, environmental pollutants, airborne toxins, or other biochemical constituents.
- 4. Biochip
- 5. HISTORY •Developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries. •Large scale development of biochips in the 1990s. •Today, a large variety of biochip technologies are either in development or being commercialized. •Invented in 4G generation & the development is still continued. •In 1980 Fred Sanger and Walter Gilbert were awarded Nobel Prize for their pioneering DNA sequencing approach. •In 1983, Kary Mullis was awarded Nobel Prize for his Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) which allowed to amplify minute amounts of DNA to quantities.
- 6. COMPONENTS Biochip implant system consists of two components:- •Transponder •Reader or scanner.
- 7. TRANSPONDER •Actual biochip implant. •Two types of transponder – passive or active. •Communication between biochip and reader is via low-frequency radio waves. •Transponder consists of four parts:- Computer microchip Antenna coil Tuning capacitor Glass capsule
- 8. •Computer Microchip:- The microchip stores a unique identification number from 10 to 15 digits long. •Antenna Coil:-This tiny, primitive, radio antenna "receives and sends" signals from the reader or scanner. •Tuning Capacitor:-This capacitor is charged by the small (1/1000 of a watt) signal sent by the reader. •Glass Capsule:- “houses” the microchip, antenna coil and capacitor. It is made of biocompatible material such as soda lime glass.
- 9. READER OR SCANNER •Consists of an “exciter” coil which creates electromagnetic field. •Provide energy to “activate” the implanted biochip. •Also carries a receiving coil to receive ID number. •Contains the software and components to decode the receive code and display the result in an LCD display.
- 10. WORKING •Reader transmits a low-power radio signal and activates the implanted biochip. •ID number transmitted by the transponder and received by the reader. •Reader displays the ID number on the reader’s LCD display.
- 11. BIOCHIP IMPLANT •Injected by a hypodermic syringe beneath the skin. •Injection is safe and simple. •Anesthesia is not required. •Usually injected behind the neck in dogs and cats.
- 13. APPLICATIONS •With a biochip tracing of a person/animal, anywhere in the world is possible. •A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic data, basically everything about a person. •A biochip leads to a secured E-commerce systems. •Biochips are really potent in replacing passports,cash, medical records. •Medicinal implementation of biochips-as glucose detector; as oxygen sensor; as an blood pressure sensor.
- 14. ADVANTAGES •To rescue the sick. •To find the lost people. •To identify person uniquely. •In monitoring health condition of individuals in which they are specially employed. •They can perform thousands of biological reactions in a few seconds. •Increase speed of diagnosis of unknown pathogens. •Ability to detect multiple viral agents in parallel.
- 15. DISADVANTAGES •They raise critical issues of personal privacy. •They mark the end of human freedom and dignity. •There is a danger of turning every man, women and child into a controlled slave. •They can be implanted into ones body without their knowledge.
- 16. FUTURE •A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies might serve as a combination of credit card, passport, driver's license, personal diary. •No longer would it be needed to worry about losing the credit cards while traveling. •A chip inserted into human bodies might also give us extra mental power.
- 17. CONCLUSION Biochips are:- •Fast, •Accurate, •Miniaturized, •expected to become economically advantageous attributes that make them analogous to computer chip.