CPWF_Presentation _Board _March2010
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The document discusses the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF) and its focus on increasing resilience through better water management. It provides examples of development challenges being addressed in 6 river basins: 1) Andes - Developing benefit-sharing mechanisms for water between upstream and downstream communities 2) Mekong - Optimizing dam reservoir management to improve livelihoods affected by dams 3) Nile - Developing rainwater management methods to improve resilience of rainfed agriculture in Ethiopia 4) Volta - Exploring institutional and technical aspects of small reservoirs to increase benefits for communities 5) Limpopo - Helping design small reservoirs for multiple uses to improve livelihoods of small
CPWF_Presentation _Board _March2010
- 1. Water, food and development The CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and FoodAlain VIDAL, CPWF Director
- 2. Re-greening the Uganda “Cattle Corridor”Community corralling of cattle for 2 weeks permits pasture establishmentLocal organizations invest in up-scaling of pasture regeneration Termites destroy any attempt to reseed degraded pasture
- 3. Multiple use water systems: empowering the poor with waterLocal government, NGO, CBO and private support to innovationIndividual multiple water-use decisionsSupport of national water policies and laws (eg India)
- 4. Food crisis: a poverty “countdown”3 billion poor below US$2.5/day 2 billion suffer from malnutrition 1 billion suffer from hunger 75% of them are rural poor
- 5. Alleviating hunger means reducing rural poverty Reducing rural povertyIncrease farmers income and resilience
- 6. And NOT transform the rural poor into urban poorThe resilience challenge Food producing communities and ecosystems should be able to cope with local and global changes (climate, economy, demography, migrations…), ie becomemore resilient (persistent, adaptable, transformable) Achieved through improved water productivity (more food with less water) together with empowerment, equity, market access, health and preservation of ecosystems CPWF aims to increase the resilience of social and ecological systems through better water management for food productionThrough its broad partnerships, it conducts research that leads to impact on the poor and policy change
- 7. CPWF contributes to…Food securityat household levelLivelihoods of the poorHealth: nutrition, reduced pollution, reduced diseaseEnvironment:water quality, sustainability of wetlands
- 8. CPWF Phase 2(2009-2014)Focusing on achievable impacts in 6 river basins
- 9. Phase 2
- 10. Focusing the strategy in Phase 2Focusing on science content found most promising and with development impact within the 15 year CPWF time frame, and contributing to future CGIAR megaprogramsAll research is interdisciplinary, includes cross-scale analysis and focuses on resilience1-2 development challenges in specific parts of each basin 1 development challenge = USD 5-6 million into 4-5 projectsExpected minimum budget of USD 60 million for one challenge per basin ; aiming for USD 90 million and two challenges
- 11. Andes – Benefit-sharing mechanisms Due to climate, land use and cover changes, base flows have changed and pollution increased, reducing poor peoples’ access to water Research aims to develop social and economic mechanisms that both help upstream poor farmer communities and increase the quantity and quality of water available for downstream communities, hence reducing water-related conflicts Local adoption and scaling up and out of these Benefit-Sharing Mechanisms will be adapted to cultural, social or political constraints
- 12. Mekong – Dams and livelihoods Uncoordinated massive development focused on hydropower generation Cumulative impact of multiple dams barely known
- 13. No plans to improve local and downstream benefits Research will optimise reservoir management to minimise downstream negative impact and improve livelihoods for resettled populations, small-scale farmers and fishing communities Communities will increase their fisheries and agricultural potential through the development of multiple use reservoirs. Capacity of dam administrators to negotiation will improve the sequential management of dams so as to maximise dams benefits
- 14. Nile – Rainwater management in Ethiopia Poor soil moisture control and fertility management, and low quality seeds are major causes of the low performance of rainfed farming in the Ethiopian Highlands Research will develop appropriate, landscape level, rainwater management methods across three agro-ecosystems ranging from rainfed agriculture to livestock farming mixing together The developed systems will address the multiple needs of rural communities, improve water productivity, and generate more resilient livelihoods
- 15. Volta – Small reservoirs, rainwater and livelihoods Resource-poor farmers rely on rainfed agriculture and livestock for their livelihoods. 1,700 small reservoirs could provide farmers with a dry season water supply, but often fail because institutional and technical mechanisms are absent in the communities. Research will explore the institutional and technical aspects of small-reservoir development and maintenance, embedded within a wider rainwater management system combining crops and livestock Improved design and management of multiple use small reservoirs will increase benefits for communities, combined with better rainfed crops and livestock productivity.
- 16. Limpopo – Small reservoirs, rainwater and livelihoods Low rainfed agricultural output (40% of agriculture), and policies emphasizing land allocation to the poor, meaningless if they do not have water and institutional support. Promising are small reservoirs providing security against increasing climate variability Research will help design of small reservoirs for multiple uses, and explore and integrate other rainwater harvesting technologies Livelihoods of small-scale farmers improved by development and adoption of a rainwater management system based on small reservoirs for multiple use systems (MUS)
- 17. Ganges – Floods and salt in the Delta In the coastal belt of the Ganges Delta, the farming system is characterised byFrequent flooding amplified by climate change
- 18. Saline intrusion damaging crops and water quality Research aims to develop agriculture and aquaculture farming able to alternate between saline and flood conditions Formal and informal institutions will ensure impact through the introduction of saline-tolerant rice varieties, a broader saline management system that relies on sluice gates and predictive modelling
- 19. Secondary development challengesAndes (7 small basins) Strategies for Andean communities to adapt to global change Nile (Egypt) Multiple use of agricultural wastewater in the DeltaGanges delta The integrated management of groundwater Mekong The sustainable management of upland agricultural water
- 20. Thank youAlain Vidal, CPWF Directora.vidal@cgiar.orgwww.waterandfood.org
Editor's Notes
- #12: 1st para should not repeat the BDC title (already on slide 1) – or it should be in the slide title? - but tell the story:The issue…In the Andes, due to climate, land use and cover changes, base flows have changed and pollution increased, reducing poor peoples’ access to water. The research…Research aims to develop financial and economic mechanisms that both help upstream poor farmer communities and increase the quantity and quality of water available for downstream communities, hence reducing water-related conflictsThe impact…Local adoption and scaling up and out of these Benefit-Sharing Mechanisms will have to cope with cultural, social or political constraints. Projects…
- #13: The Mekong River Basin is facing massive development investment, much of it focussed on hydropower generation and not coordinated. The impact of single dams is relatively well understood, the cumulative impact of multiple dams on this riverine system is barely known at all. No plans exist for their mitigation, or to improve the localised and down-stream benefits that these dams might yield.Research will improve optimise reservoir management to minimise downstream negative impact on, and to yield localised livelihoods benefits for resettled populations, small-scale farmers and fishing communities.Communities will have new opportunities available through the development of multiple use reservoirs, designed to maximise their fisheries and agricultural potential and multiple purposes. Capacity of dam administrators to negotiation will enable to manage their dams sequentially in the 3S area so as to maximise the benefits to be derived from reservoirs. Projects…
- #14: Poor soil moisture control and fertility management, and low quality seeds are major causes of the low performance of rainfed farming in the Nile basin, esp. in the Ethiopian Highlands. Yields, water productivity and farmers’ incomes remain low (even in periods of favourable rainfall or situations of better water control or soil fertility1).Research will develop appropriate, landscape level, rainwater management methods across three agro-ecosystems ranging from rainfed agriculture to livestock farming mixing together.The developed systems will address the multiple needs of rural communities, improve water productivity, and generate more resilient livelihoods.Projects…1Text between parentheses is optional
- #15: The Volta basin is largely populated by resource-poor farmers who rely on rainfed agriculture for their livelihoods. 1,700 small reservoirs dot the northern Ghanaian and southern Burkinabe landscapes, which can provide farmer with a dry season water supply, buffering them against rainfall vagaries exacerbated by climate change. But these systems often fail because the institutional and technical mechanisms required to build, maintain and sustain them are absent in the communities.Research will explore the institutional and technical aspects of small-reservoir development and maintenance, embedded within a wider rainwater management system.Improved design of small reservoirs for agricultural water productivity, and easy maintenance will considerable increase the benefits for the communities. The introduction of fish, fresh water crustaceans and of useful aquatic plants will help improve water quality and generate additional income.
- #16: One of the main problems facing the poor in the Limpopo is low rainfed agricultural output, which concerns 40% of agriculture. Policies have emphasized land allocation to the poor, which remains meaningless if they do not have the water and institutional support. A particularly promising technology is the small-scale reservoir, which provide dry season water supply for livestock, fisheries, crops or other productive uses, hence security against increasing climate variability.The research will develop an approach to design and construction of small reservoirs for multiple uses, and explore and integrate other rainwater harvesting technologies. The livelihoods of small-scale farmers will be significantly improved because of the development and adoption of a rainwater management system, mainly based on small reservoirs for multiple use systems (MUS).Projects…
- #17: In the coastal belt of the Ganges Delta, the farming system is characterised by two key trends affecting the resilience of poor farmers and the food security of the delta:Frequent flooding, with devastating consequences, amplified by climate change; Saline intrusion, causing widespread crop damage and contaminating groundwater supplies for both drinking and agricultural use. Research aims to develop ways in which agriculture and aquaculture farming can quickly alternate between saline and flood conditions (both saline and fresh), and seek to maximise water productivity under either regime. Research will support formal and informal institution ensure impact through the introduction of saline-tolerant rice varieties, embedded within a broader saline management system that relies on sluice gates and predictive modellingProjects…