Cradle Operator training for working at height
- 2. Trade Skills 145 2 Administration • Housekeeping • Breaks & Lunch • Turn Off or Silence Pagers/Cell Phones
- 3. Trade Skills 145 3 Classroom Evacuation Plan • Fire Exits
- 4. Trade Skills 145 4 Objectives • Describe different types of Support Systems used for Swing Stage and Suspended Scaffolds • Identify the suspended system of a Swing Stage Scaffold and describe the components which make up this system. • Identify the safety system of a Swing Stage Scaffold and describe the components which make up this system.
- 5. Trade Skills 145 5 INTRODUCTION • Suspended scaffolds are an extremely useful tool when used to access areas not accessible from the ground level. • Suspended scaffolds are: – versatile – fit different work areas and shapes; – used at various heights including extremely high structures in excess of 1,000 feet where no other access equipment will work – economical to own, rent and use. – will last a long time if maintained properly.
- 6. Trade Skills 145 6 INTRODUCTION • Loading capacities vary depending on the application and design of the platform and the capacity of the overhead supporting structure. • Must be built in accordance with the design of a professional engineer. • The use of suspended scaffolds is strictly monitored. • Fall arrest equipment provides a back-up safety system to prevent or minimize injury, creating a safe work environment.
- 7. Trade Skills 145 7 Purpose • Gain access to areas not normally accessible from the ground. • Mid-rise to high-rise structures, • New construction, reconstruction or maintenance. • Bridge repairs and over-crossings are also typical uses. • Repairs to structures that are damaged from fire, earthquakes, and winds can be done from suspended scaffolds.
- 8. Trade Skills 145 8 Codes & Standards • American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standards are "consensus" standards developed by committees composed of individuals (usually experts) from many trades, occupations, and backgrounds • Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) is a government agency that enforces worker workplace safety. – The codes are referred to as the Code Of Federal Regulations (CFR): • Construction - CFR 1926.451 • General - CFR 1910.28 • OSHA can cite companies for not complying with the provisions of ANSI Standards under OSHA's "General Duty Section.
- 9. Trade Skills 145 9 State Codes • Many states (26) have their own OSHA department, like Michigan’s MIOSHA. • The state codes must meet the Federal codes or be more conservative. • The strictest code applies. • The two Standards are from the Construction Safety Division which is Part 12, Scaffolds and Scaffold Platforms; and from the General Industry Division which is Part 5, Scaffolding.
- 10. Trade Skills 145 10 Competent Person (Inspector) • A Competent person" as defined at PPO-2, 3.1 is a person who is experienced and capable of identifying an existing or potential hazard in surroundings, or under working conditions, that are hazardous or dangerous to an employee and who has the authority and knowledge to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate the hazards. • A competent person must be at the site directing and supervising work during erection, dismantling, alteration and moving of scaffolding.
- 11. Trade Skills 145 11 Qualified Person (Engineer) • A "qualified" person is one who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully demonstrated his/her ability to solve or resolve problems related to the subject matter, the work, or the project".
- 12. Trade Skills 145 12 Suspended Scaffold Systems One or more platforms suspended from an overhead structure by ropes or other non-rigid means. Consists of 3 separate but integrated subsystems.
- 13. Trade Skills 145 13 Scaffold Suspension System
- 14. Trade Skills 145 14 Scaffolding Types - Single Point Work Cage (basket) • Has all the features of a two-point scaffold. • Some have a second rope fitted with an auxiliary brake, which acts independent from the main hoist and rope.
- 15. Trade Skills 145 15 Scaffolding Types - Single Point Work Basket • Spider 2-man basket w/capacity of 1000lbs. • Drum Hoist w/auto braking • Electric Model
- 16. Trade Skills 145 16 Single-Point Baskets • Mast • Workers must try to work to the side of the mast to prevent injury • Secondary wire rope and brake • Independent tie-off on the roof • Guard railed on all open sides.
- 17. Trade Skills 145 17 Single-Point Basket Stability • Depends on height of wire rope guide on the suspension rope. • The higher the guide wire, the more stable the basket. • The cage is the most stable when the worker is directly under the suspension rope. • Single-point systems must deal with rotation. As the rope runs over the sheave, or in the hoist, it is squeezed and starts to twist. The cage tends to spin as it tries to unwind the twisted rope.
- 18. Trade Skills 145 18 Single-Point Basket Stability • A single-point scaffold has more than one line. – Secondary support line or an independent lifeline. – If the unit is powered, there is also has a power cord. – Certain work applications may require additional lines or hoses. – Handling all of these lines can be difficult, particularly in high winds. • Lines should be strapped together at regular intervals to prevent tangling. • When possible the lines should be held to the structure with a strap to minimize sway. • Power cables and suspension lines should never be tied in knots.
- 19. Trade Skills 145 19 • Tends to be used in smaller spaces and for small jobs such as tanks or smoke stacks. • Consist of seat for worker, hoist or rope-fall, and may be equipped with fairlead, wire rope guide, bumpers, tie-ins, and power cable. • Seat must be at least 12” by 24” and ½” thick with underside cleats to prevent splitting. • No knots are allowed under the seat, the rope must cross under the seat. • Cross acts as a seat backup incase the actual seat fails. • Many equipped with independent auxiliary brakes. Single Point - Bosun Chair
- 20. Trade Skills 145 20 Two Point Scaffold • Two or more point suspended scaffolds allow longer areas of work access to be reached by providing a longer horizontal work platform, which is powered to move up and down. • The two point design is normally referred to as a swing stage scaffold.
- 21. Trade Skills 145 21 Scaffold Construction
- 22. Trade Skills 145 22 Platform/Decking Platforms can be designed to be fixed lengths to fit the need of the job, or they can be modular which allows for its size to be changed quickly. Modular staging can be broken down into small sections, which also allows for it to be easily transported and stored. Due to the smaller modular sections, the platforms can also be taken into elevators for transportation to work areas.
- 23. Trade Skills 145 23 Needle Beam Design • Requires at least 4 by 6 inch beams. • Span between beams ≤ 8’ when using 2 inch scaffolding planks. • Rope supports shall be 1”, spaced < 10’ apart. • Rope shall be attached to beams by a scaffold hitch or an eye splice. • The loose end of the rope shall be tied by a bowline knot or a round turn and half hitch. • The scaffold hitch shall be arranged in a manner so as to prevent the needle beam from rolling or otherwise becoming displaced. • A needle beam scaffold shall be suspended from thrustouts and meet scaffold regulations.
- 24. Trade Skills 145 24 Platform Construction Criteria • Overall platform width 20 to 36 inches. • Front of platform ≤ 14 inches from face of work unless guardrail used along front of platform, or personal fall arrest system is used. • Max length for a 2 by 10” plank must meet criteria of MIOSHA Rule 512, Table 1. • Planks must extend over platform ends 6 to 12 inches. • The planks must be touching with zero clearance between them. • Max distance from platform to uprights is < 9.5”. • Dissimilar metal components that could cause galvanic action should be evaluated by a competent person.
- 25. Trade Skills 145 25 Platform Load Rating • The load rating of the platform is very important. • Not all platforms have the same capacity and this information should be on the label attached to the platform. • Modular platform load capacity decreases as the stage length increases. • Be careful to keep the load capacity in mind when you are obtaining equipment for, and using equipment on, your job.
- 26. Trade Skills 145 26 Platform Surface It is very important to prevent damage to the platform which can occur due to: overloading, abrasive or chemical contamination, dropping and misuse.
- 27. Trade Skills 145 27 Guardrails
- 28. Trade Skills 145 28 Guardrail Criteria • Required for all scaffolds > 6’ above ground level and toe-boards on all open sides. • Support 200 lbs. force in any direction. • If constructed of lumber, must not be < 2x4. • Centerline of top rail must be 36 to 42”. • Midrail is positioned between top rail and platform deck bed.
- 29. Trade Skills 145 29 Toe-boards Toe-boards are used to stop something from rolling off the platform. – ≤ ¼ inch clearance above working surface. – Top edge must be ≤ 3.5” from walking/working surface.
- 30. Trade Skills 145 30 Area Protection • Uprights (posts) must be ≤ 8’ apart. • The posts may be made of wood if they are at least 2” x 4”. Otherwise 1.5” steel pipe or 2” x 2” x 3/8” angle iron or equivalent must be used. • Whenever people can pass under the platform, a guardrail mesh equivalent to 18 gauge US standard ½ inch wire must be installed around the entire scaffold. The area below the scaffold should also be barricaded so that people are aware that work is occurring above. • If work is being performed above the scaffold area, overhead protection consisting of two inch planks laid tight, or equivalent material, shall be installed not more than nine feet above the scaffold floor.
- 31. Trade Skills 145 31 Roller Bumpers • Keep platform from rubbing on the structure surface. • Provide platform stability where there is contact with the structure. • Must be placed where they cannot cause damage such as placing too much pressure on glass surfaces, etc. • Usually movable, so they can be positioned to roll on structural surfaces.
- 32. Trade Skills 145 32 Stirrups • Connects hoist to platform. • Can be connected to hoist below the platform, as with many winding drums, or on the deck. • Can pivot hoist to keep it in line with the rope, or has wire rope guides to provide more stability and a load reaction point above the hoist. • Transfers load between the hoist and platform • Controls loading of the hoist and deck so they are not damaged
- 33. Trade Skills 145 33 Stirrup Connections • Should not be modified to fit a different style hoist than it was designed for. • Holes in hoists and stirrups are intended to keep the right stirrup with the associated hoists. • If there is a need to use a stirrup with a different design hoist, use the proper stirrup adapter. • Must be < 6” from end of fixed length platforms • Stirrups on modular platforms are designed to be connected at the very end and are pinned directly to the platform to prevent them from slipping off the end. • Walk-through stirrups allow for the worker to walk and work past the hoist on the cantilevered portion of the platform.
- 34. Trade Skills 145 34 Stirrups Vs End Rails • When stirrups are used at the end of the platform and the hoist and stirrup fill in the platform end, they can be considered end rails, which prevent a worker from falling off the end. • Whenever the platform is supported by walk- through stirrups or by stirrups that are moved in from the platform end, end rails and toe-boards must be provided.
- 35. Trade Skills 145 35 Scaffold Grounding • Proper electrical grounding of each stage must be provided whenever electrical tools are used, or when burning or welding operations are performed. • A separate grounding system is required for each motor-driven hoist and it should be permanently attached to the unit. • Additional ground protection is required on wire suspension ropes to prevent any arcing where it might come in contact with the boiler. • At least one insulator disk is always required. A standard grounding cable assembly, which is approved by the Detroit Edison Welding Engineer, must be used. • The standard grounding cable assembly is a 5/8 inch diameter welding cable with a lug attached at one end and a magnet attached to the other end. The lug end is attached to the toe-board of the scaffold while the magnet is placed on a grounded metal surface such as a boiler tube.
- 36. Trade Skills 145 36 Multi-Tiered Platforms • Used when work has to be done on more than one level at the same time. • Special precautions must be taken for the workers working on the lower level. • Double rigging is required to reduce chance of falling. • Workers attach themselves to a horizontal trolley line.
- 37. Trade Skills 145 37 Communications When normal voice communication cannot be understood, a powered suspended scaffold must be equipped with a 2-way communication device for emergency use between the working platform and a supervised location.
- 38. Trade Skills 145 38 Scaffold Support System • Second part of the overall suspended scaffolding system. • It holds the suspended scaffold, equipment, and workers. • Anchors the load to a secure building, structure or tower using wire rope. • Prevents the suspended scaffolding from falling.
- 39. Trade Skills 145 39 Support System Designs • Outrigger beam • Parapet Clamps • Cornice Hook • Davit and socket system • Slings & Chains • Beam Rollers & Clamps • Sleeve Holes
- 40. Trade Skills 145 40 Support System Criteria • Required to have a 4:1 safety ratio calculated on the lift rated load of the hoist being used. • The 4:1 safety factor is a safety ratio included to stop the suspended scaffold from pulling the support off the structure. • All support components require inspection and maintenance and must be used in a manner for which they were designed to be used.
- 41. Trade Skills 145 41 Standard Outrigger System
- 42. Trade Skills 145 42 Outrigger • Normally made from steel, however aluminum is also used to reduce weight. • Aluminum beams are usually “I” or “H” beams and are made from high strength material. • Rolling type required to have stops or chocks to prevent them from unwanted sideways movement. • Can be raised using "A" frames or rolling beam systems. • Usually 14 ft. to 20 ft. long and incorporate a splice plate in the middle.
- 43. Trade Skills 145 43 Splice Plate • Connects outrigger beam sections together. • These splice plates must be properly assembled and locked together to prevent unwanted separation during use.
- 44. Trade Skills 145 44 Fulcrum • Also referred to as stanchion or resting point, • Transfer point for loads from the suspended scaffold. • Must be strong and capable of holding the maximum loads imposed on it.
- 45. Trade Skills 145 45 Thrust-Out • The thrust-out, also called arm reach or outreach, is the distance from the fulcrum to the outboard end anchor point. Excessive thrust-out is dangerous and can lead to outrigger failure by buckling or overturning. • Thrust-out is restricted by the outrigger design and construction. At DTE, the maximum thrust-out is 36 inches. • Once the outrigger is positioned, the thrust-out distance can be measured. This value is used to calculate required counterweight. The “outboard” end of the beam extends past the edge of the building.
- 46. Trade Skills 145 46 Counterweight • The inboard end of the outrigger is subject to uplift when a load is placed on the outboard end. • Uplift prevented by using counterweights or tie-downs to suitable imbedded attachment points. • In all cases, the inboard end must be installed to create a 4:1 safety ratio against overturning.
- 47. Trade Skills 145 47 Determine Required Counterweight • There is usually a chart attached to the outrigger beam to identify the required number of 50 lb counterweights for a given thrust-out. • If a counterweight chart is not available, it can be calculated using this formula: W = Counterweight L = Load Capacity a = Arm Reach b = Back-span Distance (from fulcrum to center of the counterweights) 4 = Safety Factor (4:1)
- 48. Trade Skills 145 48 Counterweights • Must be non-flowable material, sand or liquid is not suitable. • Must be attached to outrigger beam, and marked to identify their weight. • When properly counterweighted, the outrigger’s working load limit (WLL) can be determined. • Ensure support structure is capable of carrying working load limit plus the weight of outrigger and counterweights.
- 49. Trade Skills 145 49 Tie-Backs • Counterweighted end of an outrigger shall have a tie-back. • Should be ≥ 3/8” rope and have equivalent strength of hoisting rope. • Must be securely attached to structure with ≥ 3 cable clips. • Must be tied straight back or have two ropes at opposing angles to each other. • Must be taut and used with proper rope termination hardware. • Should not be attached to exhaust hoods, pipes, etc.
- 50. Trade Skills 145 50 Outrigger Capacity An outrigger scaffold support system, including the supporting thrust-out, shall be capable of supporting a working load of 50 pounds per square foot.
- 51. Trade Skills 145 51 Parapet Clamps • Clamp onto structural surface such as a reinforced parapet wall. • Rely on wall's strength to work properly. • Adjustable to wall thickness with screw bolt. • Use wood as bearing blocks to spread load through wall. • Thrust-out for clamps is usually restricted to prevent clamp from acting like a lever and wrenching the wall loose. • Never use a clamp on a weak or non-structural wall that is not capable of holding the full load with a 4:1 safety ratio. • Tie back ropes should be tied directly down for the best security.
- 52. Trade Skills 145 52 Cornice (Parapet Hooks) • Most hooks have little or no arm reach, so as the work platform reaches the top of the structure the rope angulation is greatly increased. This increased angulation not only puts more pressure on the structure surface, but it also puts a twist on the wall. • Tie-backs must be used. • One of the easiest, least expensive ways to hang a suspended scaffold. • Like parapet clamp, relies on wall for its strength. • Load carried on tip of hook. • Often used on sloping roofs without parapet.
- 53. Trade Skills 145 53 Davits & Sockets Allows suspended scaffold to be landed and moved on the roof. • Socket is a special tube permanently attached to the roof. • Davit fits into or over the socket. • Top portion of davit reaches over roof’s edge.
- 54. Trade Skills 145 54 Davits & Socket Operation • When arm reaches out beyond socket, extension becomes thrustout. • When the wire rope is loaded, the weight tries to pull the davit over the edge by twisting the socket. The socket anchors hold the load by transferring it to the structure. • Do not require tie-back wire ropes. • Should be stored correctly to prevent acting as lightning conductors. • Usually constructed of aluminum or galvanized steel. • Wire rope from hoist is connected to an anchor at the end of the davit arm.
- 55. Trade Skills 145 55 Slings & Chains • Usually used to hang from a structure such as beams on bridges, etc. • Also used to move stage sideways during aerial transfers. • Must be protected from the sharp edges of the beam. • This type of device does not allow for thrust-out. Used to wrap around a beam or column.
- 56. Trade Skills 145 56 Beam Rollers & Clamps • Beam rollers and beam clamps are used to clamp onto or roll on structural beams such as "I" beams. • Usually adjustable and are very versatile when overhead beams are available in such applications as bridges. • The beam clamp is stationary and requires access to be moved. • Rolling beam clamps allow them to be moved horizontally with ease. • Unwanted side movement must be addressed when using these rollers.
- 57. Trade Skills 145 57 Sleeve Holes • Some structures have drop-through sleeve holes to drop the supporting ropes through. • These holes are specially designed to allow access to areas that are covered, such as inside an arena or under an overhang. • The strength of the support is very important as tie-back cables may not be possible as a back-up safety system.
- 58. Trade Skills 145 58 The spacing of support equipment is vital to prevent side loading on rigging or platform stirrups. To minimize side loading, hoist-to- hoist distance and the distance between support equipment must remain equal. Hoist To Hoist Spacing
- 59. Trade Skills 145 59 Hoist To Wall Spacing • Provides stability. • Eliminates the swinging movement back and forth and side to side. • Used to place the work platform close to the surface to be worked on. • When the space is too far, the worker may not be able to reach his work.
- 60. Trade Skills 145 60 Suspension Rope • The support system suspension rope connects the scaffold to the support structure mechanism. • The suspension rope must be capable of holding the complete load. • Safety factor for ropes used on temporary equipment is 6:1 and 10:1 for permanently installed systems such as roof cars.
- 61. Trade Skills 145 61 Types Of Suspension Rope • Not all suspension ropes are the same. • It is important to identify which wire rope the hoist manufacturer recommends, and to use only that rope.
- 62. Trade Skills 145 62 Fiber Rope • The primary uses of fiber rope are in rope falls for block and tackle type hoists, and in personal protection devices such as lifelines and emergency escape applications. • They are often used for manual Bosun chair support. also called cordage
- 63. Trade Skills 145 63 Wire Rope Size • Wire ropes come in different sizes. • The most common wire rope diameter in North America is 5/16 inch and in some cases 3/8 inch. • Imported rope is usually measured in millimeters with the equivalent being approximately 8.2 mm. or 9.5 mm for 3/8 inch.
- 64. Trade Skills 145 64 Wire Rope Material • Most common types of cores are fiber core or steel core called Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC). • Usually the core is cut back before the wire rope tip is brazed or welded to prevent rope jams caused by milking in traction hoists. • Fiber core ropes are usually more flexible than IWRC, as the fiber is less rigid. • The IWRC rope is stronger and heavier because is has more steel in it. • IWRC rope is not always the rope recommended by the hoist manufacturer because some hoists require more flexibility to get the proper traction. Strength of the rope varies according to the material being used. Improved plow steel or extra improved plow steel are the most common materials used for suspended scaffolds.
- 65. Trade Skills 145 65 Termination Methods • Wire rope hardware is used to terminate the end of a wire rope, so that it can be connected to the support or suspension device. • There are many ways that rope can be terminated.
- 66. Trade Skills 145 66 Thimble • Splicing terminations will cause wear from vibration and suspended scaffold movement. • The correct size thimble used in the termination transfers the wear point from the rope to the thimble. • A thimble is a metal collar that the rope is wrapped around and then the rope is clamped to itself. • A thimble or eye must always be used as the wire rope end is formed to help keep the wires from crushing as the rope is bent around a shackle pin. • Thimbles are required in eyes where the eye diameter is four times the rope diameter or less. The clamps or swages must be tight against the thimble to keep it in place.
- 67. Trade Skills 145 67 Fist Grip (J Bolt) • Fist grip or “J” bolt type clamps are very common. When used correctly do not damage the rope. • “J” bolt clamps must be torqued to 30 foot pounds for the 5/16 inch diameter units and require at least 3 to be used, spaced approximately 3 to 4 inches apart(6-8 rope diameters). • It is mandatory that these clamps be retightened once a load has been applied to the rope as the diameter decreases when the rope stretches. A torque wrench (30 ft. lbs. minimum) should be readily available at any jobsite or a citation may be issued.
- 68. Trade Skills 145 68 Swage • The swage fitting uses a one-piece metal sleeve and eye or fork that slips onto the wire rope and is then squeezed onto the rope at great pressure (swagging). • The squeezing forces the metal into the rope, filling any valleys in the rope with the metal from the termination. • There are swages that can be installed in the field using a hand crimping tool. • The field swage provides a high strength termination and relies on the specially calibrated hand tool to provide the required strength. • These must be installed by authorized personnel only!
- 69. Trade Skills 145 69 Mechanical Eye Splice • This splice is also called a return loop double back splice. It uses a metal type sleeve to hold the rope on the thimble. A sleeve is slipped over the wire rope, a thimble set in the eye above the sleeve, and the wire rope is brought around the thimble. The dead end of the rope is slid into the sleeve, and the sleeve is then simultaneously squeezed onto the live rope and the dead rope using a special tool or press. • The efficiency of the mechanical eye splice is similar to that of the swage fitting. Some sleeves decrease in efficiency with increased rope strength. Some mechanical eye splices are intended for use only on IWRC wire rope. The sleeve may be attached in the field or in the shop by qualified individuals only. • The splice may also be a Flemish Eye that can be terminated with a sleeve or wrapped with seizing wire.
- 70. Trade Skills 145 70 Flemish Eye Splice • This splice has the wire rope strands separated and then laid back into the loop in opposite directions around the thimble. • It can be done with a preformed wire rope. • Experienced personnel must complete this splice.
- 71. Trade Skills 145 71 Wedge Socket • Uses the friction of the wire rope to jam the rope into a special type of fitting. • The wire rope is fed through an outer sleeve called the fitting basket, wrapped around the inner sleeve or wedge, and then routed back through the outer sleeve. The wedge is pulled into the basket, trapping the wire rope and wedge against the basket. • The wedge socket is to be installed or set up so the live end is being pulled straight to the load. • The rope should not be wrapped on backwards, and the rope should pull straight so the wedge doesn't try to bend the rope. The live end of the rope must pull straight. • Most wedge sockets will develop at least 80% of the strength of the rope. • Qualified persons may install them in the field or in the shop.
- 72. Trade Skills 145 72 Poured Socket • The Spelter (virgin zinc) poured socket is seldom used for the small wire rope sizes used on suspended scaffold hoists because of application problems. • Babbitt metal is a soft metal alloy. Although widely used with elevator ropes, the poured babbitt socket has low efficiency and must not be used on ropes in suspended scaffold work. • Resin sockets are similar in shape to the spelter poured socket but the spread rope wires are held in the termination by resin (a type of plastic). Manufacturer's instructions should be carefully followed. • Sockets are seldom used with suspended scaffold.
- 73. Trade Skills 145 73 Shackles • A shackle is used to fasten the end of a terminated rope to the support system. • There are two types of shackles, the screw pin type and the chain anchor type. • Both are acceptable as long as the shackle bolt is restricted from accidental loosening. • A 5/8 inch, ¾ ton shackle is the minimum requirement for personnel hoisting and all mechanical eyes attachments. • The 5/8″ Crosby screw pin type shackle is the standard shackle used for personnel hoisting. • Often, because of pad eye hole clearance, it is necessary to use a larger shackle.
- 74. Trade Skills 145 74 Taping Terminations • At DTE, terminations of wire rope require application of tape around both the dead end and the live side of the wire. • This aids in slippage detection. • Before cutting wire rope, seizing should be placed on each side of the cut as follows: – One on each side for preformed – Two per side of 7/8 inch size or smaller non- preformed, – Three per side of 1 inch or larger non-preformed.
- 75. Trade Skills 145 75 Insulator Disk • An insulator disk is a 2.5 inch diameter disk made of non-conductive material like Teflon or a plastic laminate like micarta. • The disk acts as an electrical insulator and thimble.
- 76. Trade Skills 145 76 Wire Rope Care • Wire rope failure is a common cause for serious suspended scaffolds accidents. • Ropes can be easily damaged by misuse such as kinking or bending it around sharp edges, by overloading, heating such as coming in contact with electrical wire, bird-caging when it is spread apart, or being worn out. • It's really an easy thing to break in a wire rope on a hoist. • Run it through the hoist with little or no load, and check it for any problems or marks. • Rope normally comes from the factory lubricated. However, if it has a dry spot, put some lube on it.
- 77. Trade Skills 145 77 Rope Coiling • Rope comes with a twist in it. When you handle rope, you have to respect the twist. Fighting the twist results in rope damage. There are two methods of handling wire rope, reeling and coiling. • Both methods use the coiling characteristics of the rope to make the work easier. If you reel or unreel the wire rope, to put on another reel or spool, the rope taken off the top of a reel is put on the top of a drum, or bottom to top. • In coiling, the rope is laid on the ground. The end is wound into a coil, taking care not to cross the rope or fight the rope twist. The rope is then wound onto the coil by walking the rope coil along the rope. • Rope should never be taken off a reel that is not rotating, and should never be coiled in any manner except on a rolling or "hand-over-hand" loop.
- 78. Trade Skills 145 78 Some wire rope guidelines include: • Never loading wire beyond its safe work load. • Avoid sudden loading in cold weather. • Never use ice encrusted ropes. • Avoid dragging rope from under load or over obstacles. • Avoid dropping rope from heights. • Avoid rolling loads with ropes. • Do not tie knots in wire rope at any time. • Never use wire rope which has been cut, badly kinked or crushed. • Avoid reverse bends in the wire rope. • Do not splice two or more wire ropes to achieve the proper length for hoisting personnel.
- 79. Trade Skills 145 79 Some wire rope guidelines include: • Never allow wire rope to cross wind. • Do not use non-structural members for anchorage points. • Do not wrap wire rope completely around a hook. • Minimize shock loading, it should be gradual by applying power smoothly and steadily. • Protect wire from moving over sharp edges and corners with padding. • Use appropriate size and type of wire for application.
- 80. Trade Skills 145 80 Rope Inspection • MIOSHA Rule 408.10571 requires wire rope for scaffolding to be replaced if: – In any length of 8 diameters, the total number of visible broken wires exceeds 10% of the total number of wires. – The wire rope has been kinked, crushed, bird caged, or sustained any other damage, which distorts the wire rope structure. – The wire rope shows heat or corrosive damage. • Wire rope shall be maintained in a lubricated condition over its entire length with the same type of lubricant used by the manufacturer.
- 81. Trade Skills 145 81 Hoists • Positions the wire rope to move the platform up or down. There are many different types of hoists for suspended scaffolds. Hoist designs vary in power source, and suspended rope control method. • Another difference in hoists is where it is mounted. When a hoist is mounted on the work platform, it is called a self-powered platform. When the hoist is mounted to an overhead structure, it is referred to as a roof-powered permanent platform. • Suspension ropes enter the hoist and either wrap around a circular turning drum or are fed through a traction device. Both designs will be referred to as drums.
- 82. Trade Skills 145 82 Hoist Power - Manual • Manual hoists require muscle power to move the scaffold up or down. • These types of hoists are generally used for lower height structures or jobs where continuous or quick movement is not important.
- 83. Trade Skills 145 83 Hoist Power - Powered • Powered hoists are electric, pneumatic (air), or hydraulic. • The type of power used usually depends on the job application. • A painter or sandblaster who may have a compressor and does not want to be bothered with electrical lines would possibly use an air- powered unit. • It could also be an explosive environment that cannot use spark- generating devices such as electrical motors.
- 84. Trade Skills 145 84 Drum Positioning • The drum is connected to the drive (motor) that is used to lift and lower the hoist and its load. • The drum is connected through bearings to the hoist housing. • This connection ultimately holds the load. • A motor rotates the drum or traction mechanism. • The motor changes the electricity or pneumatics into mechanical power of high rpm and low torque. • To be able to move up or down, a motor used for suspended work platforms must be reversible.
- 85. Trade Skills 145 85 Motor Torque • It can deliver its torque in two directions, depending on whether the operator pushes the up or down button. • The turning output shaft of the motor drives the gear reducer. • The reduction gears change the high rpm and low torque of the motor into the low rpm and high torque necessary to lift the loads using a drum.
- 86. Trade Skills 145 86 Drum Designs • The drum may be one of four basic kinds. Some winding drums have grooves to hold the rope; other drums have a smooth surface.
- 87. Trade Skills 145 87 Traction Sheave • The traction sheave hoist is a special kind of traction drum hoist that uses a single-wrap v-grooved drum called a sheave, or a single wrap of rope clamped between two rotating discs. • The rope is held on or in the traction sheave by spring action and by the load on the hoist.
- 88. Trade Skills 145 88 Winding Drum • To prevent rope coming off the drum, regulators and manufacturers require at least four turns of rope left on the drum of a winding drum and traction drum hoist. Some manufacturers require that the bottom layer always be filled. • Winding drums are designed to be used with a particular rope otherwise the rope may pile up on the drum. As the rope wraps on the drum, if it winds over the top of the groove edge, it may damage the rope. The pressure at the bottom of the rope wraps is very high. Mis-wrapped wire rope can suffer damage. Instructions will specify the kind of rope and the direction of wrap. Always put the rope on neatly and follow manufacturers instructions. • The winding drum hoist uses a round drum to gather the rope and to move the load. Some winding drums have grooves to hold the rope; some are smooth bottomed. • This design limits platform movement to the amount of wire rope the drum can hold.
- 89. Trade Skills 145 89 Winding Drum Leveler • Some winding drums use level winds that move evenly across the drum similar to a fishing reel winder, synchronizing the laying with the turning of the drum. (Some of the old “Baker” Hoists) • Other winding drum hoists pivot the winding drum in order to align the wire rope properly with a fixed fairlead, or guide, and use the tendency of the wire rope to wrap upon itself to provide an even wrap. (Spider Stages) • Still other winding drum hoists use the wire rope position on the drum to move the fairlead. • In all of these level wind methods, the moving parts require only a light coat of lubricant for best operation • The drum and sheave must be the correct size and shape for the wire to prevent sheave and rope damage. Sheave alignment and fleet angel must be within prescribed limits to ensure the rope spools properly on the drum.
- 90. Trade Skills 145 90 Traction Drum • Uses the weight of the hoist and its load to pull the rope tightly onto the drum. The drive shaft turns the drum. The grip of the rope is caused by friction and a number of wraps on the drum which move the rope through the hoist. These hoists are very much like the winding drum hoists, except they do not store or collect rope. The rope is shifted from the drum to the rope outlet on the hoist. • Traction drums feed the rope out of the hoist. They can climb long ropes without the hoist having to lift the weight of the rope. • The traction drum lifts the load by winding several wraps of rope around the drum and feeding the rest out of the hoist as the tail line.
- 91. Trade Skills 145 91 Traction Hoist • Other types of traction hoists shift the rope from groove to groove on the traction drum by pushing it sideways using small metal or plastic tabs, sometimes called "fingers" or "finger guides." • One kind of hoist moves several wrapped ropes over, and others move one rope over. The rope then leaves the drum and exits the hoist. • Many traction hoists use rollers or wheels to hold the rope in position on the drum. These rollers or wheels also aid in ensuring good contact between rope and drum to prevent rope slippage.
- 92. Trade Skills 145 92 Traction Design • Climb the wire rope using friction and carry the scaffold with it. • Uses a set of grips to hold the rope while another set of grips grabs the rope and moves the hoist and load. • The first set of grips slides along and regrips the rope as the second set releases, in a stepping or hand-over- hand action. • Typical brands using this design include the Spider, Cable Climber and Sky Climber. • This design allows using any length of wire rope to allow a greater platform moveable range.
- 93. Trade Skills 145 93 Rope Grip Considerations • Hoisting drums use the gripping action of the rope on the drum or sheave to move the rope through the hoist. • The better the grip, the more reliable the movement of the rope. • However, once the grip is strong enough that the rope doesn't slip, then more grip doesn't help. • Winding drums must have at least four wraps around the drum for proper grip. • Drums are made from various hardened metals. • The friction that allows the drum to grip the rope causes wear of the traction drums over time. • Follow the manufacturer's instructions to inspect and maintain drums to ensure good gripping.
- 94. Trade Skills 145 94 Drum Surface Condition • The grip on the drum depends on several things. The drum surface needs to be clean and in good condition. Certain oils and greases on the drum may make it more slippery. A poorly maintained drum may have less grip.
- 95. Trade Skills 145 95 Rope Considerations • The rope coming out of the hoist, or sharp bends in the hoist rope exit guide, can push rope back up onto the drum and lessen the grip. • Using too stiff a rope can cause the rope to "fight" the bending around the drum and lessen the grip. • Poor rope that is worn or bent can also cause gripping problems.
- 96. Trade Skills 145 96 Rope Tail Line • The tail line or dead end has to have a straight and clear path down and away from the exit. • Most traction hoists require that wire rope be routed straight out the bottom of the hoist exit, and some require that rope go straight down through the deck. • For safety and efficiency, always follow each manufacturer's instructions closely regarding proper selection of and routing of the wire rope. • Improper routing of the rope out of the hoists, for instance up and over the guardrail, can cause premature wear to the hoist, rope, and platform.
- 97. Trade Skills 145 97 Rope Path • Threading the wire rope through the hoist, keepers, and safeties is called reeving the hoist. • It is important that you put the rope through every device intended for it and that you carefully follow the reeving instructions.
- 98. Trade Skills 145 98 Closed Breach Hoists • Requires a free end of the rope for reeving. • The hoist housing is closed, and the rope cannot be inserted or removed at its middle. • Closed-breach hoists can be self-reeving or manually reeved. • A self reeving hoist usually requires that the end of the wire rope be prepared by brazing or welding it into a tapered point to prevent unraveling and be tapered to move smoothly through the hoist. • The end is fed into the top of the hoist, and then into a guide or finger, and then onto the running hoist drum. • Guards or rollers around the drum turn the rope end and guide it through its proper path around the drum, into the deflector at the exit, and out of the hoist.
- 99. Trade Skills 145 99 Manual Reeving • They can be reeved to a standing line and unreeved from a standing line. (A standing line is a straight rope that has no ends available.) • These hoists do not need the end of the rope to reeve the hoist. • The rope is reeved into keepers above and below the drum. • Keepers keep the rope in place and prevent it from unreeving. • It is very important to double check that the rope is securely in all the keepers of an open breach hoist. • Manually reeved hoists are reeved by bringing the rope into the top of the hoist, feeding the rope around the drum and between its fingers several times, placing the rope under the rollers, and then routing the rope out of the hoist.
- 100. Trade Skills 145 100 Rope Paths • The rope enters the hoist through a keeper or guide in the top of the hoist or frame. • On traction hoists, the rope then goes through the secondary brake mechanism. • The rope travels down to the drum of the hoist. It wraps and turns on the drum as many times as the manufacturer specifies. • In some hoists it will also pass under the rollers or wheels. In others, it will go through the fingers. In still other hoists, the rope is captured between the rotating discs that grip the rope.
- 101. Trade Skills 145 101 Hoists Load • Hoists are manufactured to safely support and move a certain load. The load capacity of different hoists varies, so it is important to know the restrictions of your particular hoist. This information is normally found on the label attached to the hoist and in the operating manual. • The support capacity must always be greater than or equal to the hoist's lifting capacity. All hoists are required to be approved by a testing laboratory such as Underwriters Laboratory. • Hoists are life support systems, and they are required to be maintained in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations. It is very important to have the hoists worked on by factory trained personnel and that authorized dealers are contacted so that they may provide information regarding any recalls or directives that the manufacturer may put out.
- 102. Trade Skills 145 102 Hoist Brake • A hoist must have two means of braking. • The primary means is used to automatically stop and hold the hoist every time the motor is stopped. • The secondary brake is used to stop the hoist on the rope if it travels down too fast (overspeed condition). • Many hoists have their primary brakes connected to the motor. This means power must be applied to the motor to release the primary brake.
- 103. Trade Skills 145 103 Primary Hoist Brake Operation • The springs pushing the brake shoes against the motor shaft are pulled back, and the motor can move freely. • When the motor command is no longer sent and no power goes to the motor, the springs push the shoes back onto the shaft and stop the motor. • Stopping the motor stops the drive train, which stops the drum, which stops the hoist and its load. • Some hoists have one-way primary brakes. • These hoists drive against their brakes in the DOWN direction, and the brakes "free- wheel" in the UP direction. Releasing the "operate" control stops the motor. • If you are going down and release the control, the already engaged brake stops the hoist and its load. Checking the brakes is one more reason to go up and then go down during a daily test.
- 104. Trade Skills 145 104 Secondary or Overspeed Brakes • Secondary brakes are used to stop the hoist and its load on the rope in case of overspeed or other emergency. • These brakes are automatic. • Some brakes can also be tripped manually. • When activated, they stop the hoist and often shut off power.
- 105. Trade Skills 145 105 Secondary Brake Design • A secondary brake has two distinct mechanisms. – a speed sensing mechanism. – a locking mechanism to grip and hold the wire rope. Both must work. • Secondary brakes usually grab the rope where it passes just above the hoist, or just above the drum.
- 106. Trade Skills 145 106 Secondary Brake Operation • The brake uses rollers to hold the passing rope against a wheel, which turns a disc that has spring-held weights mounted to it. • This is called the governor. The faster the governor turns, the further the weights move out, until one catches the trigger. • The faster the wheel and disc turn, the farther the weights move out, until one catches the trigger. The trigger in turn releases the cam. (Some brakes use jaws.) • A cam is a curved metal shoe mounted on a pivot. When released by the trigger, the cam traps the rope between the cam face and a grab block. The trapped rope stops, and the hoist stops. • The governor senses the rope speed, the trigger releases the cam, and the cam holds the rope. All must work properly for the brake to work.
- 107. Trade Skills 145 107 Secondary Brake On A Winding Drum • acts directly on the drum. Some hoists use shoes, which lock themselves, stopping the drum as soon as they touch the drum flange. Others use spring-loaded brakes held off by electrical or hydraulic solenoids, which operate as soon as pressure or power is lost. • the speed of the hoist can be determined by the rpm of the drum. The faster the rope is moving off the drum, the faster the hoist is moving. The brake uses gears or sprockets bolted to the drum to run the governor disc. When the drum turns fast enough, a weight trips the trigger, which releases the brake shoe or solenoid. Some hoists use electronics to count special drum marks and trip when too many are counted in a second.
- 108. Trade Skills 145 108 Secondary Brake Manual Trip • Use the emergency stop button or manual brake actuator when you aren't sure of the situation and need to stop the hoist quickly to give yourself time to think, and when you need to stop RIGHT NOW. • The manual brake trip is the button (usually red) on the hoist marked "Emergency Stop" or words to that effect. • During normal operations, you should stop the hoist during normal operations by releasing the direction control button, to let the primary brake set and stop the hoist. • If for any reason the primary brake doesn't stop the hoist, or if you aren't absolutely sure of what's happening, manually engage the secondary brake.
- 109. Trade Skills 145 109 Secondary Brake Reset • The secondary brake has to be "set" before it can operate. • The arming or reset of the secondary brake is done by you. • Once the brake trips, it must be manually reset. • The system is designed this way to ensure you check the hoist and correct any problem before you resume operation. • Refer to the manufacturer's manual for information on the tripping and resetting of your secondary brake system.
- 110. Trade Skills 145 110 Control Decent • One of the new features offered on many new hoists today is the control decent device, which allows the hoist to descend without power or hand cranking. • This is a very important feature with great benefit when there is a power loss and the unit must be lowered to allow workers to exit the platform.
- 111. Trade Skills 145 111 Slack Rope Brake • Sometimes called a lever brake or cam brake. • They grab the rope when the primary support rope becomes slack, like when the platform hangs up on an obstruction while going down. • Automatic and some grab when the operator releases the brake. Usually, the jolt of stopping moves the hand or arm, and this releases the slack rope brake. • Help keep hoist from unreeving too much when platform is on the ground. • Automatic slack rope brakes sense tension in the support line and set when the line goes slack or the hoist tilts. • Some hoists use the slack rope brake on the secondary, and lock on the secondary rope when the primary goes slack.
- 112. Trade Skills 145 112 Power Cords • Power cords and air hoses are used to supply power to the hoists. They can carry either electrical current or compressed air. • Electrical Power – Power cords are usually hung from the top of the building and air hoses are brought from the ground where the compressor is located. – Electric power cords have strain relief devices to safely support the hanging weight of the cord. Regardless of the strain relief provided, all power cords are required to be taped to the platform handrail or scaffold to prevent separation. – Electric cords outside boilers are tagged off with a yellow Notice Tag (DE 963-1023) stating “For use of scaffold only”, “Do not remove”. – Power cord connections should never be taped together.
- 113. Trade Skills 145 113 Power Concerns • Voltage drop is a consideration when long power cords are required (Voltage drop is a loss of voltage due to the resistance of the cord itself). • The longer the power cord is, the more power is lost over the distance. • Voltage drop results a reduction in the amount of voltage supplied to the hoist, this reduction in voltage is not good for the hoists, which have to work harder to run on low power.
- 114. Trade Skills 145 114 Power Corrective Actions • There are several methods by which you can compensate for low voltage. – One method is to shorten the length of the power supply cord, though this is not always possible. – The size (gauge) of the cord can also be increased to reduce resistance. – A voltage booster transformer can be used to increase the voltage at the hoist. – An easy way to increase voltage to the hoist is to use a separate power cord to each hoist, which essentially doubles the size of the supply line.
- 115. Trade Skills 145 115 Pneumatic Power • Air hoists run slower with less air pressure and also lose lifting capacity. • To compensate for low power with an air hose it is best to increase the size of your compressor. • A yellow information tag should be placed on the pneumatic line source to identify it is being used for scaffold work. • All hose connections must be put together, including use of safety chains, then taped to prevent the connection from coming apart accidentally. • The main air hose must be taped to the handrail of the scaffold to prevent the weight of the hose from pulling the connection to the air motor apart.
- 116. Trade Skills 145 116 Yokes • The yoke or “Y” is used for air and electrically operated hoists. • They are the power supply splitters. • The yoke allows the platform to be fed with one power cord or air hose and the split allows two hoists to be supplied from one cord or hose.
- 117. Trade Skills 145 117 Safety System • The most important part of the suspended scaffold system is the Safety System. • The scaffolding suspension ropes and hoists require a 4:1 safety ratio to safely hold the platform and workers. • The worker is also protected by a guardrail and a fall arrest system to prevent falls.
- 118. Trade Skills 145 118 Fall Protection • Fall arrest equipment is the back up safety system used by workers on suspended scaffolds to protect them in the event of a platform collapse; or wire rope, hoist or suspension system failure. • The use of fall arrest equipment is mandatory. • Fall arrest equipment must be hooked up before entering a suspended scaffold, and it should not be removed until the worker has safely exited the platform.
- 119. Trade Skills 145 119 Fall Arrest Equipment • Fall arrest equipment must also be used when working on roof tops that are unprotected during the rigging, re-rigging or the removal of suspended scaffold suspension devices. • The equipment is comprised of three components: – The lifeline, which is a vertical and anchored independently for each worker. The anchor point must be above the highest repair elevation. This anchor point must be capable of supporting 5000 pounds for each safety line attached to it. – The body restraint device which is a full body harness. – The connection device which normally consists of the rope grab and shock absorbing lanyard.
- 120. Trade Skills 145 120 Life Line • The Lifeline shall be 5/8 inch polyster Dacron (Poly-Dac) rope. There should be one safety line per worker. The line will have either a red or blue marker thread. • At DTE, the Lifeline (safety line) shall have untie capability. This includes a minimum of four wraps (dead turns) and two half hitch knots. This is completed by taping the remaining loop to the slack end to aid in preventing it from coming loose and to detect slippage. The remaining lifeline must be maintained on a spool or in a container or both, to keep it clean and to prevent it from being damaged. • The line shall be long enough to lower a worker to the bottom of the work area plus an additional 50′.
- 121. Trade Skills 145 121 Rope Grab
- 122. Trade Skills 145 122 Rope Grab • The lifeline is typically adequate for most jobs requiring fall protection, but scaffolds are designed to move up and down, and lifelines don’t. • For this reason, a rope grab is used as a backup. • The rope grab slides up and down the lifeline with the worker. • Each rope grab device must be cleaned before each use with soapy water or wood alcohol, or blown out with an air hose. • Rope grips shall not be subjected to any chemicals or industrial solvents.
- 123. Trade Skills 145 123 Alternative Fall Protection • Once the platform has been double hung, the users can eliminate the hanging vertical lifeline. • They are then required to tie off to a trolley line that runs horizontally the length of the platform. • This trolley line must be secured to structural parts of the platform to provide secure anchorage. • The user must install intermediate stops on the trolley line, or use a wire rope grab that will engage in either direction, so that the user does not slide the length of the platform should one end be upset when both ropes or support at that end fail. • Trolley lines are usually part of an engineered system supplied by the platform manufacturer.
- 124. Trade Skills 145 124 Barricade Scaffold Area • When a suspended scaffold does fall and the workers are saved by their fall arrest gear, bystanders below are exposed to injury by falling objects. • Therefore, it is very important to secure all tools and materials to the scaffold to prevent objects from falling onto someone or something below. • Barricade the area below as well to prevent this from happening.
- 125. Trade Skills 145 125 Typical Erection Procedure:
- 126. Trade Skills 145 126 Scaffold Inspections • Mi-OSHA-R408.41210-Rule 1210 (6) requires scaffold and scaffold component inspection for visible defects by a competent person prior to each work shift, and after any occurrence, which could affect a scaffold’s structural integrity. • Any scaffold or accessories that is damaged shall be immediately repaired or replaced.
- 127. Trade Skills 145 127 Typical Dismantling Procedure: • The dismantling procedure is essentially the reverse of the erection procedure. • One of the most important aspects to dismantling a suspended scaffold is that there is nothing beneath it to hold it up when parts are being taken off. Therefore, all through the dismantling process all workers must use proper fall arrest equipment attached to the supporting structure. • Before starting to dismantle, the scaffold must always be inspected in it’s entirety by a Competent Person for any visible defects.
- 128. Trade Skills 145 128 Emergency Plan • Each suspended scaffold installation should have an Emergency Plan containing guidance and expectations if a problem arises. • There should be procedures for what to do for accessing, rigging, or using the equipment. • The issues covered could go from simple issues like loss of power to more serious issues like a failure of the suspension system.
- 129. Trade Skills 145 129
- 130. Trade Skills 145 130
- 131. Trade Skills 145 131 Scaffolding Activities Near Misses • SAFETY ALERT January 25,2005 • Working from Single Point Suspended Scaffolds • Background Information • Routine inspections during forced outages and periodic outages are performed using single point suspended scaffolds commonly known as Spiders or Spider Work Baskets. These special scaffolds are used to inspect and locate leaks and needed repairs inside boilers from a work basket that is suspended by installing a wire rope to a certified anchoring point. Persons involved must enter the boiler and ride a gondola type scaffold to remote areas to perform their job tasks. Work groups involved are engineering, maintenance, and other support groups.
- 132. Trade Skills 145 132 • Investigation Findings • Single point suspended scaffold was installed in the boiler without prior knowledge of an existing procedure (PPO-2). • Engineering personnel were exposed to a near-miss situation when a single point suspended scaffold was installed and bolts that hold the suspension cable were not tightened to meet torque verification specifications in accordance with PPO-2. • Lack of a documentation process that was not utilized during the installation and pre- operation phase caused the unnecessary near miss situation to occur. • The critical nature of the work activity to bring the unit back on line may have caused normal hazard communications to be over looked including a pre-job brief and walk down. • Tagging required by PPO-2 would have prevented this incident from occurring and was not in place. • Incorrect positioning required repositioning of the single point suspended scaffold compressing the time allotted for the work activities. • Conditions may have been different had the spider been treated as scaffolding and not a tool.(section 5.2.1(e)(f)) • Work order did not say to use PPO-2 as a guide for installation. It did say to use a procedure for electrical testing for isolation of the cable prior to operation MO 5.9
- 133. Trade Skills 145 133 • Immediate Corrective Actions: • Engineers were advised of the situation and exited the single point suspended scaffold • Call to Belle River to advise them of the event because they were also in an outage situation. • Investigation committee walked down and observed areas involved. • Insured torque specifications were correct and tagging was installed • Called Corporate Safety Specialist. • Sent E-Mail notification to Fossil Generation Fleet, PG Safety, Monroe PP Plant Staff, Corporate Safety.
- 134. Trade Skills 145 134 • Long-Term Preventative Measures and follow-up: • A meeting was held with the ESO representative for PPO-2 (W.Neal). • PPO-2 title of the document is personel-hoisting equipment will be changed to reflect or say single point suspended scaffold.(This may be incorporated into another PPO that will encompass all scaffolds at a later date.) • The inspection form for these scaffolds is required and is outlined in PPO-2 Section 5.2 • Inspection form and Edison Scaffold tags will be used and outlined in the PPO-2 (current state is form is to be used but requirement for the scaffold tag is not met and will be changed with revision) • Operation Pre-shift inspection requirements will be included in PPO-2 in sections 5.3 operation and responsibilities 7.0.(form pg 9 attachment 2). “Prior to use, the scaffold and all components shall be inspected by a Competent Person.” (Mi-OSHA requirement) • All operators of single point suspended scaffolds will meet the requirements of OSHA, MIOSHA and PPO 2 sect.7.3.5 This will include the inspection requirements for use, how to operate and complete knowledge of the required fall-arrest system used in the safe operation of this equipment. • Organizational learning will instruct all single stage suspended scaffold users as required to ensure safe operation of this equipment.
- 135. Trade Skills 145 135 Corrective Action • Corrective actions include developing a scaffold user's guide, emphasizing management expectation to use a canvas bag from transferring small items while on the scaffolding, and stressing management expectations for supervisory personnel to periodically perform field observations.