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Chapter 6 Strengthening a Company’s Competitive Position 607
607
CHAPTER 6
STRENGTHENINGACOMPANY’S
COMPETITIVE POSITION
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Chapter 6 discusses that once a company has settled on which of the five generic strategies to employ, attention
must turn to what other strategic actions can be taken in order to complement the choice of its basic competitive
strategy. The three dimensions discussed include offensive and defensive competitive actions, competitive
dynamics and the timing of strategic moves, and the breadth of a company’s activities. These are explored
through seven broad categories: (1) Whether and when to go on the offensive, (2) Whether and when to employ
defensive strategies, (3) When to undertake strategic moves, (4) Whether to merge or acquire another firm,
(5) Whether to integrate the value chain backward or forward, (6) Whether to outsource certain value chain
activities, and (7) Whether to enter into strategic alliances.
LECTURE OUTLINE
I. Going on the Offensive – Strategic Options to Improve a Company’s Market Position
1. Regardless of which of the five generic competitive strategies the firm is pursuing, there are times
when the company must go on the offensive. The best offensive moves tend to incorporate several
key principles:
a. Focusing relentlessly on building competitive advantage and then striving to convert it into a
sustainable advantage.
b. Applying resources where rivals are least able to defend themselves.
c. Employing the element of surprise as opposed to doing what rivals expect and are prepared for.
d. Displaying a strong bias for swift, decisive, and overwhelming actions to overpower rivals
2. Choosing the Basis for Competitive Attack
a. Strategic offensives should, as a general rule be based on exploiting a company’s strongest
strategic assets.
b. The principal offensive strategy options include the following:
1. Offering an equally good or better product at a lower price.
2. Leapfrogging competitors by being first to market with next-generation products.
3. Pursuing continuous product innovation to draw sales and market share away from less
innovative rivals
4. Adopting and improving on the good ideas of other companies (rivals or otherwise).
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5. Using hit-and-run or guerrilla warfare tactics to grab market share from complacent or
distracted rivals
6. Launching a preemptive strike to secure an advantageous position that rivals are prevented
or discouraged from duplicating.
3. How long it takes for an offensive to yield good results varies with the competitive circumstances
including buyer response to the initiative and whether market rivals recognize the threat and begin
a counter-response.
4. Choosing Which Rivals to Attack - Offensive-minded firms need to analyze which of their rivals
to challenge as well as how to mount the challenge. The following are the best targets for offensive
attacks:
a. Market leaders that are vulnerable.
b. Runner-up firms with weaknesses in areas where the challenger is strong.
c. Struggling enterprises that are on the verge of going under.
d. Small local and regional firms with limited capabilities.
5. Blue Ocean strategies seek to gain a dramatic and durable competitive advantage by abandoning
effort to beat out competitors in existing markets and, instead, inventing a new industry or distinctive
market segment that renders existing competitors largely irrelevant and allows a company to create
and capture altogether new demand.
CORE CONCEPT
A blue-ocean strategy offers growth in revenues and profits by discovering or
inventing new industry segments that create altogether new demand.
a. This strategy views the business universe as consisting of two distinct types of market space:
1) Industry boundaries are defined and accepted, the competitive rules of the game are well
understood by all industry members, and companies try to outperform rivals by capturing
a bigger share of existing demand.
2) Industry does not really exist yet, is untainted by competition, and offers wide open
opportunity for profitable and rapid growth if a company can come up with a product
offering and strategy that allows it to create new demand rather than fight over existing
demand.
b. Blue-ocean strategies provide a company with a great opportunity in the short run. Long term
success depends on whether a company can protect the market position they opened up and
sustain their early advantage.

ILLUSTRATION CAPSULE 6.1
Gilt Groupe’s Blue-Ocean Strategy in the U.S. Flash Sale Industry
Discussion Question: Did Gilt Groupe’s pursue their Blue Ocean strategy in an industry with well-
defined boundaries and competitive rules or did they pioneer a new industry? What was the
fundamental nature of their competitive advantage?
Answer: The Gilt Groupe was operating in the well-defined fashion clothing industry with firmly
established market leaders and segments. By utilizing an innovative sales approach that provided
high fashion clothing in limited quantities via the internet the company was able to gain significant
market share. The company was able to develop a sustainable and creative product niche where
they maintained the cachet of exclusivity while offering deeply discounted merchandise in the
fashion industry.
II. Defensive Strategies – Protecting Market Position and Competitive Advantage
1. All firms in a competitive market are subject to the offensive challenges created by rival firms.
Defensive strategies counter these challenges by (1) lowering the risk of being attacked, (2)
weakening the impact of any attach that occurs, and (3) influencing challengers to aim their attacks
at other rivals.
2. Blocking the Avenues Open to Challengers – The most frequently employed approach to defending
a company’s present position is to block an attack. Methods can include alternative technology,
introduction of new features and models, maintaining economy priced options, enhancing support,
and volume discounts to dealers.
3. Signaling Challengers That Retaliation is Likely – The goal is to discourage challengers from
attacking, or diverting their attack to another rival. Methods can include public announcements of
management’s commitment to the market, public policies for matching rivals terms and prices, and
periodic strong responses to the moves of weaker competitors.
III. Timing a Company’s Offensive and Defensive Strategic Moves
1. When to make a strategic move is often as crucial to success as what strategic move to make. This
is especially important when first move advantage or disadvantages exist.
CORE CONCEPT
Because of first-mover advantages and disadvantages, competitive advantage can
spring from when a move is made as well as from what move is made.
2. The Potential for first-mover advantages is great however, first-movers typically bear greater risks
and development costs than firms that move later. There are five conditions where first-movers have
an advantage:
a. When pioneering helps build a firm’s reputation with buyers and creates brand loyalty.
b. When a first mover’s customers will thereafter face significant switching costs.
c. When property rights protections thwart rapid imitation of the initial move.
d. When an early lead enables the first mover to move down the learning curve ahead of rivals.
e. When a first mover can set the technical standard for the industry.

3. The Potential for Late-Mover Advantages or First-Mover Disadvantages - Late-mover advantages
(or first-mover disadvantages ) arise in four instances:
a. When pioneering is more costly than imitative following, and only negligible learning-curve
benefits accrue to the leader—a condition that allows a follower to end up with lower costs than
the first-mover.
b. When the products of an innovator are somewhat primitive and do not live up to buyer
expectations, thus allowing a follower with better-performing products to win disenchanted
buyers away from the leader.
c. When rapid market evolution (due to fast-paced changes in either technology or buyer needs)
gives second-movers the opening to leapfrog a first-mover’s products with more attractive
next-version products.
d. When market uncertainties make it difficult to ascertain what will eventually succeed.
Amazon.com’s First-Mover Advantage in Online Retailing
Discussion Question: Discuss the basis for Amazon.com’s competitive advantage and how they
leveraged first-mover advantages.
Answer: In 1994 Jeff Bezos noted the tremendous growth in internet use and saw an opportunity
to sell products online that could be easily shipped. Books made up the bulk of the firm’s initial
product offering and selling them online allowed the firm to quickly gain market share over traditional
booksellers with large retail spaces to support. This large volume and large customer base translated
into strong brand recognition and allowed the firm to spread to other product lines and further grow
market share. By moving down the learning curve quickly and well ahead of their rivals, Amazon.com
was able to develop further competitive advantage and stay ahead of new entrants.
4. To Be a First Mover or Not - In weighing the pros and cons of first-mover versus fast-follower, it
matter whether the race to market leadership in a particular industry is a marathon or a sprint. In a
marathon a slow-mover is not unduly penalized – first mover advantage can be fleeting.
a. The lesson is that there is a market-penetration curve for every emerging opportunity; typically
the curve has an inflection point at which all the pieces of the business model fall into place,
buyer demand explodes, and the market takes off. It can come early in a fast-rising curve (like
e-mail) or farther up on a slow-rising curve (like use of broadband)
b. Any company that seeks competitive advantage by being a first-mover thus needs to ask some
hard questions:
1. Does market takeoff depend on the development of complementary products of services
that currently are not available?
2. Is new infrastructure required before buyer demand can surge?
3. Will buyers need to learn new skills or adopt new behaviors? Will buyers encounter high
switching costs?
4. Are there influential competitors in a position to delay or derail the efforts of a first-mover?
c. When the answer to any of these questions is yes, then a company must be careful not to pour
too many resources into getting ahead of the market.

IV. Strengthening A Company’s Market Position Via Its Scope Of Operations
1. Separate from competitive moves and timing, managers must also carefully consider the scope of
a company’s operations. These decisions essentially determine where the boundaries of the firm lie
and the degree to which the operations within the boundaries are common.
CORE CONCEPT
The scope of the firm refers to the range of activities which the firm performs
internally, the breadth of its product and service offerings, the extent of its
geographic market presence, and its mix of businesses.
2. There are several dimensions of firm scope that are relevant to business level strategy. The two
primary dimensions are horizontal and vertical scope.
CORE CONCEPT
Horizontal scope is the range of product and service segments that a firm serves
within its focal market.
CORE CONCEPT
Vertical scope is the extent to which a firm’s internal activities encompass one, some,
many, or all of the activities that make up an industry’s entire value chain system,
ranging from raw-material production to final sales and service activities.
V. Horizontal Merger and Acquisition Strategies
1. Mergers and acquisitions are a much-used strategic plan. They are especially suited for situations
where alliances and partnerships do not go far enough in providing a company with access to the
needed resources and capabilities.
2. Combining the operations of two companies within the same industry, via merger or acquisition,
is an attractive strategic option for achieving operating economies, strengthening the resulting
company’s competencies and competitiveness, and opening up avenues of new market opportunity.
3. The difference between a merger and an acquisition relates more to the details of ownership,
management control, and financial arrangements than to strategy and competitive advantage. The
resources, competencies, and competitive capabilities of the newly created enterprise end up much
the same whether the combination is the result of acquisition or merger.
4. Many horizontal mergers and acquisitions are driven by strategies to achieve one of five strategic
objectives:
a. Creating a more cost-efficient operation out of the combined companies.
b. Expanding a company’s geographic coverage.
c. Extend a company’s business into new product categories.
d. Gaining quick access to new technologies or complementary resources and capabilities.
e. Leading the convergence of industries whose boundaries are being blurred by changing
technologies and new market opportunities.

Bristol-Myers Squibb’s “String-of-Pearls” Horizontal Acquisition Strategy
Discussion Question: How did Bristol-Meyer Squibb use a horizontal acquisition strategy to gain
competitive advantage in the pharmaceutical industry?
Answer: In examining their competitive position in 2007, the firm realized that several key
pharmaceutical patents were about to expire and they did not have new patented drugs in their
development pipeline. Realizing the time involved in new product development and approval, the
company undertook a strategy of horizontal acquisitions and purchased several small companies
thatwithpre-identifieddrugswellintothedevelopmentandapprovalphase,dramaticallyshortening
the time to market for Bristol-Meyer Squib and preserving their revenue stream.
5. Why Mergers andAcquisitions Sometimes Fail to ProduceAnticipated Results – Many mergers and
acquisitions do not always produce the hoped for outcomes, reasons include:
a. Cost savings may prove smaller than expected.
b. Gains in competitive capabilities may take substantially longer to realize or, worse, may never
materialize at all.
c. Key employees at the acquired company can quickly become disenchanted and leave.
d. The morale of company personnel who remain can drop to disturbingly low levels because they
disagree with newly instituted changes.
VI. Vertical Integration Strategies
1. Vertical integration extends a firm’s competitive and operating scope within the same industry. It
involves expanding the firm’s range of activities backward into sources of supply and/or forward
toward end users.
2. Vertical integration strategies can aim at full integration or partial integration.
A. The Advantages of a Vertical Integration Strategy
1. The two best reasons for investing company resources in vertical integration are to strengthen the
firm’s competitive position and/or boost its profitability,
CORE CONCEPT
A vertically integrated firm is one that performs value chain activities along more
than one stage of an industry’s value chain system.
2. Integrating Backward to Achieve Greater Competitiveness: For backward integration to be a
viable and profitable strategy, a company must be able to:
a. Achieve the same scale economies as outside suppliers.
b. Match or beat suppliers production efficiency with no drop-off in quality.

CORE CONCEPT
Backward integration involves performing industry value chain activities previously
performed by suppliers or other enterprises engaged in earlier stages of the industry
value chain; forward integration involves performing industry value chain activities
closer to the end user.
1. Backward integration is most likely to reduce costs when:
a. The firm can achieve the same scale economies as outside suppliers.
b. The firm can match or beat suppliers’ production efficiency with no drop-off in quality.
c. The needed technological skills and product capability are easily mastered or can be gained by
acquiring a supplier with desired expertise
2. Backward vertical integration can produce a differentiation-based competitive advantage when
a company, by performing activities in-house that were previously outsourced, ends up with a
better quality offering, improves the caliber of its customer service, or in other ways enhances the
performance of its final product.
3. Other potential advantages of backward integration include:
a. Decreasing the company’s dependence on suppliers of crucial components
b. Lessening the company’s vulnerability to powerful suppliers inclined to raise prices at every
opportunity
4. Integrating Forward to Enhance Competitiveness: The strategic impetus for forward integration
is to gain better access to end-users and better market visibility.
a. Forward integration can lower costs by increasing efficiency and bargaining power. In addition,
it can allow manufacturers to gain better access to end users.
b. Forward integration can improve market visibility and include the end user’s purchasing
experience as a differentiating feature.
C. The Disadvantages of a Vertical Integration Strategy - Vertical integration has some substantial
drawbacks:
1. It raises a firm’s capital investment in the industry, increasing business risk
2. Vertically integrated companies are often slow to embrace technological advances
3. It can impair a company’s operating flexibility
4. It can result in less flexibility in accommodating shifting buyer preferences.
5. It may not be able to achieve economies of scale
6. It poses all kinds of capacity-matching problems
7. It often calls for changes in skills and business capabilities

D. Weighing the Pros and Cons of Vertical Integration
1. A strategy of vertical integration can have both important strengths and weaknesses. The tip of the
scales depends on:
a. Whether vertical integration can enhance the performance of strategy-critical activities in ways
that lower cost, build expertise, or increase differentiation
b. The impact of vertical integration on investments costs, flexibility and response time, and
administrative costs of coordinating operations across more value chain activities
c. The administrative costs of coordinating operations across more vertical chain activities.
d. How difficult it will be for the company to acquire the set of skills and capabilities needed
American Apparel’s Vertical Integration Strategy
Discussion Question: In what way has American Apparel used vertical integration to gain
competitive advantage in the clothing industry?
Answer: American Apparel has moved backward into the industry value chain by doing its own
fabric cutting and sewing and also owns its own knitting and dying facilities. It also does its own
clothing design, marketing, and advertising. Through this ‘end to end’ approach, the company is
better able to respond to changes in the market and reduce inventory problems. It can also leverage
its integrated operations by marketing its products as ‘sweatshop free.’
VII. Outsourcing Strategies: Narrowing the Boundaries of the Business
CORE CONCEPT
Outsourcing involves farming out certain value chain activities to outside vendors.
1. When Outsourcing Value Chain Activities Makes Sense:
a. An activity can be performed better or more cheaply by outside specialist
b. An activity is not crucial to the firm’s ability to achieve sustainable competitive advantage and
will not hollow out its core competencies.
c. It improves organizational flexibility and speeds time to market.
d. It reduces the company’s risk exposure to changing technology and/or changing buyer
preferences
e. It allows a company to assemble diverse kinds of expertise speedily and efficiently.
f. It allows a company to concentrate on its core business, leverage its key resources, and do even
better what it already does.
2. The Big Risk of Outsourcing Value Chain Activities
a. The biggest danger of outsourcing is that a company will farm out too many or the wrong types
of activities and thereby hollow out its own capabilities.

b. Another risk of outsourcing comes from the lack of direct control. It may be difficult to
monitor, control, and coordinate the activities of outside parties via contracts and arm’s-length
transactions alone.
VIII. Strategic Alliances and Partnerships
1. Strategic alliances and cooperative partnerships provide one way to gain some of the benefits offered
by vertical integration, outsourcing, and horizontal mergers and acquisitions while minimizing the
associated problems.
2. Companies in all types of industries have elected to form strategic alliances and partnerships to
complement their own strategic initiatives and strengthen their competitiveness. These are the very
same goals that motivate vertical integration, horizontal mergers and acquisitions, and outsourcing
initiatives.
3. Collaborative arrangements may entail a contractual agreement, but they commonly stop short of
formal ownership ties between the partners.
CORE CONCEPT
A Strategic alliance is a formal agreement between two or more separate companies
in which they agree to work cooperatively toward some common objective.
CORE CONCEPT
A joint venture is a type of strategic alliance in which the partners set up an
independent corporate entity that they own and control jointly, sharing in its
revenues and expenses.
4. An alliance becomes “strategic,” as opposed to just a convenient business arrangement, when it
serves any of the following purposes:
a. It facilitates achievement of an important business objective (like lowering costs or delivering
more value to customers in the form of better quality, added features, and greater durability).
b. It helps build, sustain, or enhance a core competence or competitive advantage.
c. It helps block a competitive threat.
d. It helps remedy an important resource deficiency or competitive weakness.
e. It increases the bargaining power of alliance members over suppliers or buyers.
f. It helps open up important new market opportunities.
g. It mitigates a significant risk to a company’s business.
5. Why and How Strategic Alliances are Advantageous - The most common reasons why companies
enter into strategic alliances are to collaborate on technology or the development of promising new
products, to overcome deficits in their technical and manufacturing expertise, to acquire altogether
new competencies, to improve supply chain efficiency, to gain economies of scale in production
and/or marketing, and to acquire or improve market access through joint marketing agreements.

6. A company that is racing to stake out a strong position in a technology or industry of the future
needs alliances to:
a. Establish a stronger beachhead for participating in the target technology or industry
b. Master new technologies and build new expertise and competencies faster than would be
possible through internal efforts
c. Open up broader opportunities in the target industry by melding the firm’s own capabilities
with the expertise and resources of partners
7. Capturing the Benefits of Strategic Alliances - The extent to which companies benefit from entering
into alliances and collaborative partnerships seem to be a function of six factors:
a. Picking a good partner
b. Being sensitive to cultural differences
c. Recognizing that the alliance must benefit both sides
d. Ensuring that both parties live up to their commitments
e. Structuring the decision-making process so that actions can be taken swiftly when needed
f. Managing the learning process and then adjusting the alliance agreement over time to fit new
circumstance
8. Alliances are more likely to be long lasting when:
a. They involve collaboration with partners that do not compete.
b. A trusting relationship has been established.
c. Both parties conclude that continued collaboration is in their mutual interest.
9. The Drawbacks of Strategic Alliances and Partnerships
a. Anticipated gains may fail to materialize due to an overly optimistic view of the synergies or a
poor fit in terms of the combination of resources and capabilities.
b. The greatest danger is that a partner will gain access to a company’s proprietary knowledge
base, technologies, or trade secrets, enabling the partner to match the company’s core strengths
and costing the company its hard-won competitive advantage.
10. The principle advantages of strategic alliances over vertical integration or horizontal mergers/
acquisitons are threefold:
a. They lower investment costs and risks for each partner.
b. They are more flexible organizational forms and allow for faster market response.
c. They are faster to deploy.
11. They key advantages to using strategic alliances are the increased ability to exercise control over
the partner’s activities and a greater willingness for the partners to make relationship specific
investments.
12. How to Make StrategicAlliances Work - The success of an alliance depends on how well the partners
work together, their capacity to respond and adapt to changing internal and external conditions, and
their willingness to renegotiate the bargain if circumstances so warrant.

13. Companies that have greater success in managing their strategic alliances and partnerships often
credit the following factors:
a. They create a system for managing their alliances.
b. They build relationships with their partners and establish trust.
c. They protect themselves from the threat of opportunism by setting up safeguards.
d. They make commitments to their partners and see that their partners do the same.
e. They make learning a routine part of the management process.
14. Managers must realize that alliance management is an organizational capability and develop it over
time to become another source of competitive advantage.
ASSURANCE OF LEARNING EXERCISES
1. Does it appear that Nintendo relies more heavily on offensive or defensive strategies as it competes in the
video game industry? Has Nintendo’s timing of strategic moves made it an early mover or a fast follower?
Could Nintendo’s introduction of the Wii be characterized as a blue ocean strategy? You may rely on your
knowledge of the video game industry and information provided at Nintendo’s investor relations website
(www.nintendo.co.jp) to provide justification for your answers to these questions.
Answer: The student should find that in a heavily competitive industry, Nintendo was able to make their
way back to a leadership position through the use of offensive strategic moves. This resulted in Nintendo
working its way into the top ten list of Business Week’s Most Innovative Companies in 2008. Nintendo has
taken an early mover position in the industry in the last few years. Key to this change was the Blue Ocean
Strategy introduction of the Wii. With this product, Nintendo moved into an entirely new area of game
control that did not rely on standard human interfaces. Rather, this new system allowed the user to control
the game with body movements. This has put Microsoft in a follower position with their Kinect controller.
2. Using your university library’s subscription to Lexis-Nexis, EBSCO, or a similar database, perform a search
on “acquisition strategy.” Identify at least two companies in different industries that are using acquisitions
to strengthen their market positions. How have these acquisitions enhanced the acquiring companies’
competitive capabilities?
Answer: The vast amount of choices should permit students to offer extensive, well-developed answers to
this question. Suggested student responses may identify the following examples:
The first example is SCM Microsystems, Inc.’s merger with Hirsch Electronics Corporation. Following the
merger, revenue more than doubled, reflecting the success of the Company’s strategy to increase its revenue
by expanding its customer base and market reach through acquisitions and market investment. According
to Felix Marx, chief executive officer of SCM Microsystems, “The integration of Hirsch and SCM has
proceeded rapidly as we have focused on creating synergies within our sales and marketing organizations
to accelerate the acquisition of new customers, expand our mutual distribution channels and introduce new
products in target markets.”
A second example is Nucor Corporation’s acquisition of Harris Steel. This acquisition was based on Nucor’s
desire to achieve vertical integration both upstream for lower cost raw materials and downstream for a
higher value-added product mix and diversification.
3. AmericanApparel, known for its hip line of basic garments and its provocative advertisements, is no stranger
to the concept of “doing it all.” Concepts & Connections 6.2 describes how American Apparel has made
vertical integration a central part of its strategy. What value chain segments has American Apparel chosen
to enter and perform internally? How has vertical integration aided the company in building competitive
advantage? Has vertical integration strengthened its market position? Explain why or why not.

Answer: The student should find that American Apparel has moved backward into the industry value chain
by doing its own fabric cutting and sewing and also owns its own knitting and dying facilities. It also does
its own clothing design, marketing, and advertising.
This strategy has allowed the company to gain competitive advantage by reducing the time required to
respond to market changes and reduce inventory requirements. From a marketing perspective, the company
has the unique ability to market products that are ‘sweatshop free.’
4. Perform an Internet search to identify at least two companies in different industries that have entered into
outsourcing agreements with firms with specialized services. In addition, describe what value chain activities
the companies have chosen to outsource. Do any of these outsourcing agreements seem likely to threaten
any of the companies’ competitive capabilities?
Answer: There are numerous choices that should allow students to provide extensive, well-developed
answers to this question. Suggested student responses may identify the following examples.
The first example is IBM and Grupo Gigante, one of Mexico’s leading business groups. The companies
have extended their business contract for five additional years through a series of outsourcing agreements.
IBM will be responsible for fully managing and monitoring the information technology (IT) infrastructure
under two managed service modes, applications and infrastructure. IBM’s outsourcing solution for Grupo
Gigante includes infrastructure services components for equipment and server hosting, help desk activation,
distributed computing services, on-site support services, data center security and disaster recovery planning.
Grupo Gigante will strategically retain a team of experts to manage the main IT applications that support
the business which will enable the company to keep in-house the value of the key human capital it has
developed over time. This provides the company with opportunities to test new solutions that facilitate
strategic business decision-making and will bring more efficiency to day-to-day operations. The value chain
activity involved is a support activity, i.e. information technology.
A second example involves a three-year ATM-outsourcing agreement between NCR Corporation and Co-op
Financial Services that enables Co-op’s credit-union members to lease instead of buy new ATMs to reduce
participating credit unions’ capital expenses. According to Bill Allen, NCR’s marketing director, “Leasing
ATMs is a lot more attractive for some financial institutions because leasing agreements are not carried
on the books as a capital expense.” Co-op ATM Managed Services, a unit of Co-op Financial Services,
will manage credit-union members’ leased ATMs. NCR will provide first- and second-line maintenance on
all of the leased machines so if the ATM breaks down, NCR fixes it. It does not appear these outsourcing
agreements are likely to threaten the competitive capabilities of these companies.
5. Using your university library’s subscription to Lexis-Nexis, EBSCO, or a similar database, find two examples
of how companies have relied on strategic alliances or joint ventures to substitute for horizontal or vertical
integration.
Answer: Students will be able to find a wealth of companies engaged in successful alliances and joint
ventures. LG Electronics is one example of a company that has use alliances to broaden their base (horizontal)
and add to their value chain (vertical). The company has been able to gain significant market share in recent
years. The company attributes part of their success to their use of Strategic
Alliances to gain advantage in business and technology fields. Alliance partners include:
• Qualcom – Early 3G/3.5G Market Entry
• Schneider – Mobile Phone Camera Lenses
• GE – Cross license and patent sharing
• Viking – Home appliances
• Skype – Broadband TV
• Maxdome – Premium Video on Demand
• Skylife – 3DTV Technology
• Hitachi – Optical Storage
• Microsoft – Windows based Smart Devices
• Intel – TV/Internet Convergence Market
• Sun – Java applications for LG Phones

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Joseph Durham, A.R.A. placed on the spot 19 Oct. 1869. The
Correspondence of Leigh Hunt 2 vols. (1862); Leigh Hunt’s
Lord Byron, 2 ed. (1828) 55–408, portrait; W. Howitt’s Homes
and haunts of British poets, ii, 347–67 (1847); T. H. Ward’s
English poets, 2 ed. (1883) iv, 340–7; J. A. Langford’s Prison
books (1861) 316–33, portrait; Maclise Portrait Gallery (1883)
242–56, portrait; L. Hutton’s Literary landmarks of London, 4
ed. (1888) 144–9; F. E. Baines’ Hampstead (1890) 358,
portrait.
Note.—He is drawn in Bleak House 1853 as Harold Skimpole and in A. W.
Pinero’s play Lady Bountiful 1891 as Roderick Heron. His dau. Julia Trelawney
Leigh Hunt was granted civil list pension of £75, 19 April 1861 and d.
Hammersmith 3 Feb. 1872.
HUNT, Rev. John Higgs. b. 1780; ed. at Charterhouse and Trin.
coll. Cam., B.A. 1801, M.A. 1804; edited The Critical Review,
reviewed Byron’s Hours of Idleness in it Sep. 1807; V. of
Weedon Beck, Northamptonshire 20 March 1823 to death;
published Tasso’s Jerusalem delivered, with notes and
occasional illustrations 2 vols. 1818, reprinted in E. Sanford’s
The works of the British poets, vols. 48, 49 (1819); said to
have written a work upon Cosmo the Great. d. Weedon Beck
17 Nov. 1859.
HUNT, Joseph. Kept a tavern in London; a public singer at Naval
Coffee house, St. Martin’s lane, London; William Probert and
John Thurtell murdered William Weare at Gill’s hill lane near
Elstree, Herts. 24 Oct. 1823, Hunt was found guilty as an
accessory before the murder and sentenced to death 7 Jany.
1824 but eventually transported for life; court keeper of assize
court, Bathurst, N.S.W. 1839–59; living at Bathurst 1859;
father of a famous female singer living in 1864. Narrative of
murder of Mr. W. Weare, the confession of Hunt and the
execution of Thurtell (1824), portrait.
Note.—John Thurtell was hanged at Hertford 9 Jany. 1824, Wm. Probert
escaped by turning King’s evidence, but was hanged at the Old Bailey 20 June
1825 for horse-stealing; Thurtell’s gig used by him in going to Gill’s hill lane,

was exhibited in a piece called The Gamblers produced at the Surrey theatre,
Jany. 1824.
HUNT, Robert (son of Robert Hunt lost in H.M.S. Mocheron
1807). b. Plymouth Dock (now Devonport) 6 Sep. 1807;
studied medicine in London; chemist and druggist Chapel st.
Penzance 1833–4; sec. of Royal Cornwall Polytechnic soc.
1840–5, pres. 1859; keeper of the mining records office 1845
till it was abolished 1883; lecturer on mechanical science in
Royal school of mines 1851–3, lecturer on experimental
physics 1853; F.R.S. 1 June 1854; The Miners’ Assoc. of
Cornwall and Devon was instituted at a meeting called by him
1859 and opened 1861; a comr. on inquiry on quantity of coal
remaining 1866; made researches on solar rays, electrical
phenomena in mineral veins and photography; edited Ure’s
Dictionary of arts, manufactures and mines 1859, 1867 and
1875, three editions; author of A popular treatise on the art of
photography 1841; Researches on light 1844, 2 ed. 1854;
Elementary physics 1851, new ed. 1855; Popular romances of
West of England 2 vols. 1865; British mining 1884, 2 ed. 1887;
compiler and editor of annual blue books on Mineral statistics
1855–84. d. 26 St. Leonard’s ter. Chelsea 17 Oct. 1887. Boase
and Courtney’s Bibl. Cornub. 259–60, 1238; Athenæum 22 Oct.
1887 pp. 541–2; Times 20 Oct. 1887 p. 5.
HUNT, Thomas. b. Dorset 1802; ed. at Winchester and Trin. coll.
Cam.; invented a method of curing stammering, which he
practised at 224 Regent st. London 1827 to death; Sir John
Forbes sent him pupils 1828–51; his pupils subscribed for his
bust in marble which was modelled by Joseph Durham and
exhibited in the R.A. 1849. d. Godlingstone near Swanage,
Dorset 18 Aug. 1851. James Hunt’s Treatise on stammering,
with memoir of T. Hunt (1854) 27–69, portrait; Fraser’s Mag.
July 1859 pp. 1–14, By Charles Kingsley.
HUNT, Thomas Newman. b. 1806; merchant of firm of Newman,
Hunt & Co. 12 New Broad st. city of London; a director of Bank
of England 1856–83, deputy governor 1866–7, governor 1867–

9; chairman of Public works loan commission. d. 79 Portland
place, London 17 Jany. 1884.
HUNT, Thornton Leigh (eld. son of J. H. Leigh Hunt 1784–1859).
b. London 10 Sep. 1810; studied drawing and painting; sub-
editor of The Constitutional, morning paper 15 Sep. 1836
which lasted to 1 July 1837; edited the North Cheshire
Reformer at Chester; The Argus at Glasgow to 1840; one of
chief contributors to Spectator 1840–60; one of founders of
Leader 1850; one of chief contributors to Globe; on the Daily
Telegraph as acting editor 1855–72; author of The Foster
Brother 1845; The rationale of railway administration 1846;
Unity of the iron network, the argument for the break of gauge
1846; edited his father’s Autobiography 1860, Works 1860, and
Correspondence 1862. d. 41 Victoria road, Kilburn, Middlesex
25 June 1873. Athenæum 28 June 1873 p. 825; Bourne’s
English newspapers, ii, 98, 235, 241, 267 (1887).
HUNT, Vere Dawson De Vere (son of Vere Hunt). b. 7 July 1829;
captain inland transport corps; author of The horse and its
master, with hints on breeding, breaking, etc. 1859; England’s
horses for peace and war 1874. d. 9 Dec. 1878.
HUNT, William. b. 1766; ed. at Rugby and King’s coll. Cam.,
scholar 1784, fellow 1787 to death; B.A. 1789, M.A. 1792;
barrister L.I. 27 June 1794; went Norfolk circuit, leader of it
long time; assessor to the vice chancellor in the university
courts 1805 to death; recorder of Tamworth (the last) 1817–
42. d. King’s college, Cambridge 6 Jany. 1852.
HUNT, William (son of Thomas Hunt). b. Bath 1801; in business
with his brother at Bath; a great supporter of Reform 1832;
one of first members of Bath reformed corporation 1836,
alderman 1841–7, 1848 to death; mayor of Bath 1840, 47, 54,
67 and 73; presented with a silver salver and his portrait 16
June 1869; J.P. for Bath 2 Sep. 1847 to death. d. 72 Pulteney
st. Bath 17 Sep. 1885. Keene’s Bath Journal 19 Sep. 1885 p. 4.

HUNT, Very Rev. William. b. East Hendred, Berks. 15 June 1803;
ordained priest 1830; professor at St. Edmund’s coll. Ware
1830–2; missioner at Southampton 1832–41; minister St.
James’ chapel, Spanish place, Manchester sq. London 1842,
resigned 1883; provost of the chapter of Westminster 1865. d.
6 Spanish place 9 Jany. 1889.
HUNT, William George Lennon. b. 1842; a baritone; before he was
21 he had appeared in 20 different operas in Madrid; musical
composer, dramatist, author; director of Philharmonic soc. of
Madrid; consul at Loanda, South Africa 10 June 1878 to death.
d. Loanda 30 Aug. 1879. Illust. sp. and dr. news, xii, 101, 102
(1879), portrait.
HUNT, William Henry (son of John Hunt, tinplate worker). b. 8
Old Belton st. (now Endell st.), Long Acre, London 28 March
1790; apprenticed to John Varley, artist 1804–11; painted in
oils 1807–24, in water colours 1824–63; associate exhibitor of
Watercolour soc. 1824, member 1826; member of Amsterdam
royal academy 1856; exhibited 14 pictures at R.A., 6 at B.I.
and 1 at Suffolk st. 1807–29; his Roses in a Jar in the Wade
collection 1872 sold for five hundred guineas. d. 62 Stanhope
st. Hampstead road, London 10 Feb. 1864. Redgrave’s Century
of painters, ii, 502–9 (1866); Fraser’s Mag. lxxii, 525–36
(1865).
HUNTER, Adam. b. Greenock 20 June 1791; ed. at Glasgow and
Edin. univs., M.D. Edin. 1813; physician Edin. 1815 to death;
F.R.S. Edin. 1839; made a report to Scottish national insurance
co. on the lives insured; author of The fruits of amalgamation
exhibited in the correspondence of a Palladium policy holder
with C. Jellicoe. Edin. 1865. d. 18 Abercromby place,
Edinburgh 24 June 1870. Proc. Royal Soc. of Edin. vii, 240–2
(1872).
HUNTER, Sir Claudius Stephen, 1 Baronet (younger son of Henry
Hunter of Beech hill, Berks., barrister 1739–89). b. Beech hill
24 Feb. 1775; student, of the Inner Temple; solicitor in London

1797 to Jany. 1811; alderman of ward of Bassishaw, Sep. 1804
to 1835; alderman of ward of Bridge without 1835 to death;
lieut. col. of Royal east regiment of London militia 1806 and
col. of royal west regt. 10 Jany. 1810 to death; sheriff of
London 1808–9, lord mayor 1811–12 when he revived ancient
ceremonies; created baronet 11 Dec. 1812; hon. D.C.L. Ox. 23
June 1819; president of London Life association 1835 to death.
d. Mortimer hill, Berkshire 20 April 1851. European Mag. lxii,
177–84 (1812), portrait; G.M. xxxvi, 88–90 (1851);
Thornbury’s London, i, 116, 329–30, (1872).
HUNTER, Sir Claudius Stephen Paul, 2 Baronet. b. Ghazepore, East
Indies 21 Sep. 1825; ed. at Eton and St. John’s coll. Ox., B.A.
1849, M.A. 1850; student of Inner Temple 1848; succeeded his
grandfather 20 April 1851; captain royal London militia 1846–
50; founder of 1st Berkshire volunteer regt. and capt.
commandant 31 March 1860, lieut.-col. 2 Nov. 1872 to Dec.
1885; sheriff of Berks. 1860. d. Mortimer hill near Reading 7
Jany. 1890.
HUNTER, George. Entered Bengal army 1800; colonel 1 European
regt. of light infantry 1843 to death; L.G. 11 Nov. 1851; C.B.
26 Dec. 1826. d. Bridge of Allan, Stirlingshire 11 Nov. 1854.
HUNTER, Ven. James (son of John Hunter). b. Barnstaple 1817;
clerk to Charles Roberts, solicitor, Barnstaple; a master in
Tavistock sch.; ed. at Ch. Miss. coll. Islington to 1843;
archdeacon of Cumberland, Rupert’s Land 1854–67; V. of St.
Matthew, Bayswater, London 1867 to death; M.A. 1855 and
D.D. 1876 by Archbishop of Canterbury; author of The Book of
common prayer, Translated into the language of the Cree
Indians 1859; The gospels of St. Matthew, St. Mark and St.
John in Cree; The faith and duty of a Christian in Cree; with J.
Mason and others The Bible translated into the language of the
Knisteneaux or Cree North American Indians 2 parts 1861–2.
d. 52 Leinster sq. London 12 Feb. 1882. bur. Highgate cemet.
18 Feb.

HUNTER, James. b. Muirkirk, Ayrshire 1818; manager Coltness
iron works 1839 and then a partner (Houldsworth & Co.),
retired 1885, increased the works from 2 to 12 furnaces; the
Coltness brand of iron became known all over the world; D.L.
for Ayrshire; A.I.C.E. 4 April 1854. d. Newman’s House by
Motherwell, Edinburgh 5 Oct. 1886. Min. of Proc. I.C.E. lxxxix,
494–5 (1887).
HUNTER, Rev. John (youngest son of Rev. Andrew Hunter,
minister of Tron ch. Edin., d. 1809). b. Edin. 1788;
presbyterian minister of Swinton, Berwickshire 1814–32;
assistant minister of Tron ch. Edin. after a contest with the kirk
session which was decided in house of lords Oct. 1832,
minister of Tron ch. to death; D.D. of univ. of Edin. 29 May
1847. d. 9 Regent ter. Edinburgh 21 June 1866. Crombie’s
Modern Athenians (1882) 27–8, portrait; Scott’s Fasti, i part i,
p. 61.
HUNTER, John (son of professor Andrew Hunter). In a writer’s
office copying law papers at 3d. a page; a writer to the signet
1826; auditor of court of session to 1866; author of
Miscellanies in verse. By N.R. i.e. J. Hunter 1843. d. Craigcrook
3 Dec. 1869. Journal of jurisprudence, xiv, 42–5 (1870).
HUNTER, John (only son of John Hunter, physician). b. Belfast 23
March 1843; ed. at Queen’s coll. Belfast and Queen’s univ.,
B.A. 1863, M.A. 1864; assistant professor of chemistry Queen’s
coll. 1865–70; professor of mathematics and natural
philosophy King’s coll. Windsor, Nova Scotia 1870–1;
accompanied the Deep Sea dredging expedition in H.M.S.
Porcupine 1869; made researches on the absorption of gases
by charcoal, the absorption of mixed vapours, pressure of
absorption and the composition of sea water. d. Enniscrone,
Mayo 13 Sep. 1872. Proc. of royal soc. of Edin. viii, 322–4
(1875).
HUNTER, John (2 son of John Hunter, d. 3 Dec. 1869). Advocate
1857; sheriff substitute of Peebleshire 1868 to death; member

of Speculative soc. d. Kingsmuir, Peebles 29 Sep. 1872. Journal
of Jurisprudence, xvi, 603–5 (1872).
HUNTER, John Charles. b. 20 Aug. 1799; L.S.A. 1821; M.R.C.S.
1821; L.R.C.P. 1863; inspector National Vaccine establishment;
author of 63rd vol. of the Family library Sketches of imposture,
deception and credulity 1837. d. 30 Wilton place, Belgrave sq.
London 19 Dec. 1871.
HUNTER, John Kelso. b. Dunkeith, Ayrshire 15 Dec. 1802; a herd
boy; shoemaker at Kilmarnock; removed to Glasgow; painted
and exhibited portrait of himself at R.A. London 1847; author
of The retrospect of an artist’s life 1868; Life studies of
character 1871, containing facts about Robert Burns;
Memorials of west country men and manners. d. Pollokshields
near Glasgow 3 Feb. 1873. Times 6 Feb. 1873 p. 7.
HUNTER, Rev. Joseph (son of Michael Hunter of Sheffield, cutler
1759–1831). b. Sheffield 6 Feb. 1783; minister of a
Presbyterian congregation at Bath 1809–33; a sub-comr. of
public records in London 1833, an assistant keeper of the first
class 1838 to death; F.S.A., mem. of council and vice pres.
1855; author of Hallamshire. The history of the parish of
Sheffield 1819, new ed. by Rev. A. Gatty 1869; South
Yorkshire. The history of the deanery of Doncaster 2 vols.
1828–31; The diary of Ralph Thoresby, F.R.S. 2 vols. 1830 and
30 other books; his library was sold at Sothebys, Dec. 1861 for
£1105; his MS. collections were purchased by Br. Museum
1862. d. 30 Torrington sq. London 9 May 1861. bur. Ecclesfield
near Sheffield 15 May. A brief memoir [by Sylvester Hunter]
1861, privately printed; Proc. of Soc. of Antiquaries, ii, 106–8
(1861).
HUNTER, Joseph. b. Scarborough 21 Oct. 1857; became known in
the match County Eleven v. Surrey at Sheffield 15 July 1878;
member of Yorkshire Eleven 1881; played against Australian
team in 1883; member of Shaw’s English team in Australia
1884; had no superior as a wicket keeper; wicket keeper to the

Yorkshire Eleven to 1889. d. at his residence the Wheat Sheaf
hotel, Rotherham 4 Jany. 1891. Illust. S. and D. News, xxiii,
661, 662 (1885), portrait.
HUNTER, Robert (only child of an East India merchant, d. 1793).
b. near Edinburgh 8 July 1791; ed. at High sch. Edin. to 1804
and at Edin. univ.; member of Scottish bar 1814; sheriff of
Buteshire 1837 to death; sheriff of Dumbartonshire 1853 to
death; author of A treatise on the law of landlord and tenant.
Edin. 1833, 4 ed. 2 vols. 1876. d. 67 Northumberland st.
Edinburgh 23 Dec. 1871. Crombie’s Modern Athenians (1882)
16, portrait; Journal of Jurisprudence, xvi, 93–6 (1872).
HUNTER, Robert Hope Alston (3 son of Rev. William Hunter). b.
1805; hospital assistant in army 10 Jany. 1827; surgeon of 57
regt. at Madras 1843–47; surgeon major 30 July 1847; placed
on h.p. 10 Feb. 1852; author of Statistical review of the
climate of the principal stations for European troops in the
Bombay presidency; The medical history of the queen’s royal
regiment during the campaign in Afghanistan. d. Dollar 22
June 1867. Medical Times 3 Aug. 1867 pp. 135–6.
HUNTER, Rowland, b. 1774; extensive bookseller at 72 St. Paul’s
churchyard (where he succeeded his uncle Joseph Johnson)
1815–36. d. the Charterhouse 18 Jany. 1864.
HUNTER, Walter. b. parish of Newbattle near Edin. 1772; worked
as a millwright under Watt and Rennie; adapted steam power
to move dredging buckets and ladders; partner with Wm.
English as millwrights and engineers at 28 High st. south, Bow,
London 1807 or 1808 to death; M.I.C.E. 1827. d. Bow 8 Feb.
1852. Minutes of proc. of Instit. of C.E. xii, 161 (1853).
HUNTER, William (son of Andrew Hunter of Bury St. Edmunds).
b. Bury St. Edmunds; of 76 Coleman st. City of London;
member of ward of Coleman st. London 1823 and alderman
1843 to death, sheriff 1844–5, lord mayor 1851–52. d. 13

Westbourne terrace, Hyde park, London 22 Sep. 1856 aged 75.
I.L.N. xix, 605 (1851), portrait.
HUNTER, William Frederick. b. 1841; ed. at Edin. univ., M.A.,
LL.B.; at Heidelberg and Berlin univ., D.C.L.; examiner in law,
Edin. univ.; advocate in Scotland 1865; barrister L.I. 30 April
1875; inherited Hafton estate, Argyleshire on death of his
brother; wrote article on Canon Law in Encyclop. Brit. v. 15–22
(1876). d. Madeira 28 April 1880. Journal of Jurisprudence,
xxiv, 320–1 (1880).
HUNTER-BLAIR, Sir David, 3 Baronet. b. Edinburgh 1777;
midshipman H.M.S. Hyacinth; succeeded his brother 24 May
1800; col. of Ayrshire militia during the war; convener of
Ayrshire 1822 to 1855; vice lieut. of Ayrshire 1822 to death. d.
Blairquhan, Ayr 26 Dec. 1857.
HUNTER-BLAIR, James (1 son of preceding). b. Milton, Ayrshire
22 March 1817; ensign Scots fusilier guards 24 April 1835,
captain 31 March 1848 to death; M.P. Ayrshire 22 July 1852 to
death; killed when commanding his battalion at Inkerman 5
Nov. 1854.
HUNTINGDON, Francis Power Plantagenet Hastings, 13 Earl of (eld.
child of 12 Earl of Huntingdon 1808–75). b. Gaultier cottage,
Waterford 4 Dec. 1841; styled Lord Hastings 1841–75; matric.
from Ch. Ch. Ox. 20 Jany. 1860; succeeded 13 Sep. 1875;
master of harriers at Whitechurch, Waterford 1867–8, of fox
hounds 1868–71; master of the Ormond and King’s county
hunt 1872–5 and of the King’s county alone from 1875, the
Land League ultimately mobbed his hounds and he sold the
pack to a Canadian; speculated in land in Florida and visited
that country. d. Shanavogue, King’s county 20 May 1885.
Baily’s Mag. xxxi, 63–4 (1878), portrait, xliv, 295 (1885).
HUNTINGFORD, Rev. Henry (son of Rev. Thomas Huntingford,
master of Warminster school, Wilts.) b. Warminster 19 Sep.
1787; ed. at Winchester and New coll. Ox., fellow 1807–14;

fellow of Winchester 5 April 1814 to his death; B.C.L. 1814;
prebendary of Colwall in Hereford cath. Dec. 1817; R. of
Hampton Bishop, Herefordshire 1822 to death; canon
residentiary of Hereford cath. 1822 to death; master of
Ledbury hospital, Hereford 1867; published Pindari Carmina
juxta examplar Heynianum...et Lexicon Pindaricum ex integro
Dammii opere etymologico excerptum 1814, another ed. 1821;
translated Romanist Conversations [By B. Pictet] 1826. d.
Goodrest, Great Malvern 2 Nov. 1867. bur. Hampton Bishop. F.
T. Havergal’s Fasti Herefordenses (1869) 61.
HUNTLY, George Gordon, 9 Marquis of (only son of 4 Earl of
Aboyne 1726–94). b. Edinburgh 28 June 1761; ensign 1 foot
guards; lieut. col. 35 foot April 1789 to 15 June 1789; captain
Coldstream guards 15 June 1789 to 1792 when he sold out;
col. of Aberdeenshire militia 1798 to death; succeeded his
father as 5 Earl of Aboyne 28 Dec. 1794; a representative peer
of Scotland 1796–1815; cr. baron Meldrum of Morven, co.
Aberdeen in peerage of the U.K. 11 Aug. 1815; K.T. 10 May
1827; succeeded as 9 marquis of Huntly by decision of House
of Lords 22 June 1838 on death of his kinsman the 8 Marquis
28 May 1836. d. 24 Chapel st. Grosvenor sq. London 17 June
1853.
HUNTLY, Charles Gordon, 10 Marquis of (eld. child of the
preceding). b. Orton near Peterborough 11 Jany. 1792; styled
Lord Strathaven 1792–1853; ed. at St. John’s coll. Cam., M.A.
1812; M.P. East Grinstead 1818–30; M.P. Hunts. 1830–31,
contested Hunts. 1831; lord lieut. of Aberdeenshire 14 Feb.
1861 to death. d. Orton Longueville near Peterborough 17 Sep.
1863.
HUNTLEY, Sir Henry Vere (3 son of Rev. Richard Huntley of
Boxwell court, Gloucs. 1776–1831). b. 1795; entered navy 10
March 1809; accompanied Napoleon to St. Helena in the
Northumberland 8 Aug. to 15 Oct. 1815; employed in
suppressing slave trade 1826–37; commander 28 June 1838;

lieut. gov. of settlements on river Gambia 23 Dec. 1839; lieut.
gov. of Prince Edward’s Island 20 Aug. 1841 to 26 Oct. 1847;
knighted by patent 9 Oct. 1841; consul at Loanda, Aug. 1858;
consul at Santos, Brazil, May 1862 to death; author of
Peregrine scramble, or thirty years’ adventures of a bluejacket
2 vols. 1849; Observation on free trade policy in connection
with the Sugar act 1846; Seven years’ service on the Slave
coast 2 vols. 1850; California, its gold and its inhabitants 2
vols. 1856. d. Santos, Brazil 7 May 1864.
HUNTLEY, John. b. London 25 March 1805; a packer of bale
goods; went to U.S. America 1832; prompter Richmond hill
theatre, New York; acted in Baltimore, Philadelphia, Richmond,
Cincinnati and Pittsburg, when he first undertook old men
characters; stage manager for Ludlow and Smith at St. Louis
1848–53; travelled in America as an actor, prompter and
manager 1853–63. Brown’s American stage (1870) 190.
HUNTLEY, Rev. Richard Webster (brother of Sir H. V. Huntley). b.
1793; ed. at Oriel coll. Ox., B.A. 1815, M.A. 1819; fellow of All
Souls 1815–31, proctor 1824; V. of Alderbury, Salop 20 Jany.
1829 to death; R. of Boxwell and Leighterton 3 Dec. 1831 to
death; one of the 3 priests who opposed Dr. R. D. Hampden’s
election to bishopric of Hereford, both in Bow ch. 11 Jany.
1848 and in the queen’s bench 1 Feb.; rural dean of
Hawkesbury and Bitton 1840–51; author of A letter to the
archbishop of Canterbury on the ecclesiastical commission and
the suppression of a bishoprick in North Wales 1843; A
glossary of the Cotswold dialect illustrated by examples from
ancient authors. Gloucester 1868. d. Boxwell court, Gloucs. 4
April 1857. The Year of the Church. By R. W. Huntley (1860).
Memoir pp. vii-xviii.
HURDIS, James Henry (elder son of James Hurdis, poet 1763–
1801). b. 1800 probably at Bishopston, Berks.; ed. at
Southampton; spent a few years in France; articled to Charles
Heath the engraver; lived at Newick near Lewes; etched many

portraits of local notabilities and views of buildings in Sussex,
some of which are in the Sussex Archæological Society’s
collections; a friend of George Cruikshank. d. Southampton 30
Nov. 1857. M. A. Lower’s Worthies of Sussex (1865) 170.
HURDLE, Sir Thomas (son of James Hurdle). b. 1797; 2 lieut.
R.M. 24 April 1812, lieut. col. 15 Aug. 1853; served at Navarino
1827, in Greece 1828, commanded brigade of R.M. in Crimea
1854–6; aide-de-camp to the queen 1855–7; col. commandant
20 Feb. 1857; retired on full pay 17 Nov. 1859; hon. major
general 2 Dec. 1859; C.B. 5 July 1855, K.C.B. 2 June 1877. d.
Porchester, Fareham, 7 June 1889.
HURLSTONE, Edwin Tyrrell. b. 1806; barrister I.T. 31 Jany. 1834,
went South-Eastern circuit; a revising barrister to death;
author with John Gordon of Exchequer Reports 1854–56, 2
vols. 1855–56; with J. P. Norman of Reports of cases in the
courts of Exchequer and Exchequer Chamber 1856–62, 7 vols.
1857–62; with F. J. Coltman of Reports of cases in the Courts
of Exchequer and Exchequer Chamber 1862–65, 3 vols. 1863–
66 and other Reports. d. Thanet place, Temple, London 29
Sep. 1881.
HURLSTONE, Frederick Yeates (1 son of Thomas Yeates Hurlstone
a proprietor of the Morning Chronicle). b. London 1800 or
1801; pupil of Sir W. Beechey and Sir T. Lawrence; student of
the R.A. 1820, silver medallist 1822, gold medallist 1823;
exhibited 37 pictures at R.A., 19 at B.I. and 326 at Suffolk st.
1821–70; member of Society of British artists 1831, president
1835 and 1840 to death; awarded a gold medal at Paris
exhibition 1855; 11 of his best works were re-exhibited at Soc.
of British Artists 1870; author with others of Protest against
the Report from the committee of the National gallery 1855;
(m. 1836 Jane Coral an artist, who exhibited 6 pictures at R.A.
and 23 at Suffolk st. 1846–56 and d. 2 Oct. 1858); he d. 9
Chester st. Belgrave sq. London 10 June 1869.

HURMAN, William. Studied at Univ. coll. London; pupil of Robert
Liston; M.R.C.S. 1846; house surgeon Univ. coll. hospital; in
practice at Windsor, Brighton and London; surgeon to 3rd
Middlesex militia 11 Aug. 1865 to death; one of the best
known men in the hunting, coaching and racing world;
originator of the Badminton club, 100 Piccadilly, London 1876.
d. 83 Grand parade, Brighton, Dec. 1883. Baily’s Mag. Jany.
1884 pp. 429–30.
HURST, Rev. Blythe. b. Winlaton, Durham 6 July 1801; a
blacksmith at Winlaton; ordained by Bishop Maltby at Auckland
castle, July 1842; C. of Alston, Cumberland 1844–6; V. of
Collierley near Newcastle 1854 to death; taught himself
French, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Syriac and Arabic; published
Four sermons, Christianity no priestcraft 1840. d. Collierley 24
June 1882. Newcastle Weekly Chronicle 1 July 1882 p. 7 col. 5;
I.L.N. lxxxi, 56 (1882), portrait.
HURST, Daniel, b. 1802 or 1803; publisher with Henry Blackett at
13 Great Marlborough st. London 1854 to death. d. Mitcham,
Surrey 6 July 1870.
HURST, Samuel, b. Stalybridge, Lancashire 1832; champion
wrestler of Lancashire; known as “The Stalybridge Infant”; 6
feet 2½ inches high and 15 stone in weight; matched with J.
C. Heenan 1860 but engagement fell through; fought Tom
Paddock for £200 a side near Aldermaston, Berkshire 5 Nov.
1860 when Hurst won in 5 rounds and obtained the champion
belt; broke his leg by a fall 19 Nov. 1860; fought James Mace
for £200 a side on one of the islands up the river Medway 18
June 1861 when Mace won in 8 rounds lasting 50 minutes and
obtained the belt; kept the Wilton Arms tavern 4 Mayes st.
Manchester about 1861–5, the Glass House tavern, Oldham
road, Manchester about 1865–70. d. Mayfield cottage,
Manchester 22 May 1882. Illust. sporting news (1862) 249,
portrait; F. W. J. Henning’s Some recollections of the prize ring
(1888) 140–9.

HURST, Rev. Thomas (son of Joseph Hurst). b. Lancashire about
1775; ordained a priest at Lisbon; priest in the English coll. at
Lisbon when used for secular education 1807, professor 1813,
procurator of the restored college 1834 to death; a minister in
the British and Portuguese hospitals in Lisbon 1807–14;
confessor to the Bridgettine nuns at Lisbon. d. Lisbon 31 March
1855. Gillow’s English Catholics iii, 490–1 (1887).
HUSBAND, William (eld. son of James Husband, surveyor for
Lloyd’s Register at Falmouth d. 1857). b. Mylor near Falmouth
13 Oct. 1822; apprenticed to Harvey & Co. of Hayle, Cornwall,
engineers 1839–43; mechanical engineer in charge of steam
machinery on drainage works Haarlem lake, Holland 1845–9,
planned and erected the half-weg engine, the lake when
drained added 47,000 acres of rich soil to Holland; manager of
business of firm of Harvey & Co. in London 1852–4, and at
Hayle 1854–63, a partner 1863 to death; patented balance
valve for water-work purposes, four-beat pump valve,
Husband’s oscillating cylinder stamps, &c.; M.I.C.E. 1 May
1866; originated 8th Cornwall artillery volunteers 1860, captain
2 April 1860 to 6 May 1865. d. 26 Sion hill, Clifton 10 April
1887. bur. St. Erth, Cornwall 16 April. Min. of proc. of Instit. of
C.E. (1887) lxxxix 470–3.
HUSENBETH, Rev. Frederick Charles (son of Frederick Charles
Husenbeth of Bristol, wine-merchant). b. Bristol 30 May 1796;
ed. at Sedgly Park sch. Staffs. and St. Mary’s coll. Oscott;
ordained R.C. priest 25 Feb. 1820; chaplain at Cossey hall,
Norfolk 7 July 1820; missioner of St. Walstan’s chapel, Cossey
1841 to death; grand vicar of the Midland district 1827;
created D.D. by Pius ix. 7 July 1850; provost of the chapter
and vicar-general of diocese of Northampton 24 June 1852;
wrote 1305 articles under initials of F.C.H. in Notes and Queries
4 Feb. 1854 to 2 Nov. 1872; published Breviarium Romanum
suis locis interpositis officiis sanctorum Angliæ 4 vols. 1830;
The Missal for the use of the laity 1837; Emblems of Saints by
which they are distinguished in works of art 1850, 3 ed. 1882;

The Holy Bible translated from the Latin Vulgate 2 vols. 1853
and 50 other books. d. the presbytery adjoining St. Walstan’s
chapel at Cossey 31 Oct. 1872. Gillow’s English Catholics
(1887) iii, 492–507.
HUSK, William Henry. b. London 4 Nov. 1814; clerk to Manning
and Dalston and their successors, solicitors, London 1833–86;
member of Sacred Harmonic Soc. Oct. 1834, hon. librarian
1853–82 when society was dissolved, wrote prefaces to word-
books of Oratorios performed at Society’s concerts; author of
Catalogue of library of Sacred Harmonic Society 1862, new ed.
1872; Account of the musical celebrations on St. Cecilia’s day
in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries 1857; edited Songs of
the Nativity [1866]; wrote many articles in Grove’s Dictionary
of Music. d. 20 Westmoreland place, Pimlico, London 12 Aug.
1887.
HUSKISSON, Samuel (3 son of Wm. Huskisson of Oxley, Staffs).
b. 1773; cornet 29 light dragoons 17 May 1799; served in
Bengal 1799–1803; major 8 foot 4 July 1805; lieut.-col. 1 West
India reg. 28 May 1807; lieut.-col. 9 garrison batallion 25 Sep.
1807 to May 1808; lieut.-col. 67 foot 16 June 1808 to 8 July
1824; general 11 Nov. 1851. d. 10 Mount st. Grosvenor sq.
London 30 Dec. 1854.
HUSSEY, Rev. James Mc.Connell (5 son of William Hussey of
Glasgow). b. 1819 or 1820; ed. at Exeter coll. Ox., B.A. 1843,
M.A. 1857; C. of Atherstone, Warwickshire 1846–8; P.C. of St.
James, Kennington, London 1848–54; afternoon preacher at
the Foundling hospital 1854–61; V. of Ch. Ch. North Brixton
1855 to death; hon. canon of Rochester Jany. 1878 to death;
rural dean of Kennington 1879–87 and 1889 to death; D.D. by
archbp. of Canterbury Jany. 1881; author of Joy for the
sorrowful or comfort in sickness 1855, 2 ed. 1856; Home. An
essay 1878; Scandal and scandal-mongers 1879. d. Ch. Ch.
vicarage, Cancel road, Vassal road, Brixton 19 May 1891. Daily
Graphic 22 May 1891 p. 9, portrait.

HUSSEY, Rev. Robert (4 son of Rev. Wm. Hussey, R. of
Sandhurst, Kent). b. 7 Oct. 1801; ed. at Westminster (King’s
scholar 1816) and Ch. Ch. Ox., student 1821–46; double first
class 1824, B.A. 1825, M.A. 1827, B.D. 1837; Greek reader
1832, censor and librarian 1835, catechist 1836, select
preacher 1831 and 1846, proctor 1836, Whitehall preacher
1841–3; regius prof. of ecclesiastical history in univ. of Ox. 23
April 1842 to death; P.C. of Binsey near Oxford 1845 to death;
author of An essay on the ancient weights and money 1836;
An account of the Roman road from Alchester to Dorchester
1841; Sermons, mostly academical 1849; edited the histories
of Socrates 1844, Evagrius 1844, Bæda 1846 and Sozomen 3
vols. 1860 and 15 other works. d. Beaumont st. Oxford 2 Dec.
1856. bur. Sandford on Thames. The Rise of the Papal power.
Ed. by Jacob Ley (1863), Memoir pp. viii-xxvii.
HUTCHESON, Charles. b. Scotland 1792; taught music in
Glasgow; published Christian Vespers, Glasgow 1832,
containing Hymn tunes harmonised in 3 and 4 parts, and An
essay on church music. d. Glasgow 1856.
HUTCHESON, Francis Deane. b. 1800; entered navy 13 Oct. 1813;
captain 23 Nov. 1841; retired admiral 30 July 1875. d. 76
Shaftesbury road, West Hammersmith 21 Dec. 1875.
HUTCHESSON, Thomas. b. 1781; 2 lieut. R.A. 1 Dec. 1797;
colonel 1 batt. R.A. 23 Nov. 1841 to 30 Aug. 1854; col.
commandant 30 Aug. 1854 to death; L.G. 14 June 1856. d.
Clarence lawn, Dover 28 Aug. 1857.
HUTCHINS, Edward John (eld. son of Edward Hutchins of Briton
Ferry, co. Glamorgan). b. 1809; ed. at Charterhouse and St.
John’s coll. Cam.; M.P. Penryn 23 Jany. 1840 to 23 June 1841;
M.P. Lymington 30 April 1850 to 20 March 1857; contested
Southampton 2 July 1841 and Poole 31 July 1847. d. Hastings
11 Feb. 1876. I.L.N. lxviii, 215 (1876).

HUTCHINSON, Charles Henry. Second lieut. Madras artillery 13
June 1834 and colonel 9 June 1868 to 5 Feb. 1870 when he
retired on full pay; M.G. 5 Feb. 1870. d. 20 Westbourne park,
London 27 Oct. 1873.
HUTCHINSON, Charles Waterloo, b. 18 June 1824; 2 lieut. Bengal
engineers 9 June 1843; col. R.E. 1 April 1874, col.
commandant 17 Dec. 1881 to death; general 28 Nov. 1885;
placed on unemployed supernumerary list 16 Sep. 1886;
author of Specimens of various vernacular characters passing
through the post office in India, photozincographed. Calcutta
1877. d. 13 Kildare gardens, Bayswater, London 27 March
1890.
HUTCHINSON, George Rowan. Second lieut. R.E. 29 May 1832,
captain 13 Dec. 1847 to death; superintendent of new harbour
works at Holyhead, killed by explosion of powder there 25 Feb.
1851 though half a mile from where it took place. A.R. (1864)
14.
HUTCHINSON, John. b. Newcastle 1811; ed. at London univ.;
assistant phys. to Hospital for consumption, Brompton; author
of The spirometer and stethoscope and scale-balance, their
use in discriminating diseases of the chest and their value in
life-offices 1852. d. Fiji, Sandwich islands, July 1861.
HUTCHINSON, John Dyson. b. Halifax, Yorkshire 6 July 1822; ed.
at Hipperholme gram. sch.; in business at Halifax, retired
1870; mayor of Halifax 1868 and 1871; M.P. Halifax 21 Feb.
1877, accepted the Chiltern hundreds Aug. 1882. d. 25
Redcliffe sq. South Kensington, London 25 Aug. 1882.
HUTCHINSON, William Evans, b. 1806; superintendent of Midland
counties line to July 1840; a director of Midland railway 1837
and chairman 1864–70; presented with a testimonial at a
complimentary dinner 20 Dec. 1870. d. Oadby hall, Leicester 6
Dec. 1882. F. S. Williams’ Midland railway (1888) 181–4, 195,
236, 243.

HUTCHISON, Rev. Æneas Barkly (eld. son of Robert Hutchison of
London, merchant). b. London 1819; ed. at Queen’s coll. Cam.,
B.D. 1855, B.D. Oxford 1856; P.C. of St. James, Devonport 21
Aug. 1850 to death; author of Memorials of the abbey of
Dundrennan, Galloway 1857; A monograph of the history of St.
Mary, Callington 1861. d. Harrogate 25 Dec. 1866.
HUTCHISON, Rev. William [Antony] (son of George Hutchison, a
cashier in Bank of England, who d. 1833). b. London 27 Sep.
1822; ed. at Trin. coll. Cam. 1843–5; received into R.C. church
at Birmingham 21 Dec. 1845, confirmed by bishop Walsh,
receiving name of Antony 29 Dec. 1845; ordained priest 15
Aug. 1847; a member of the Oratory, London, to the institution
of which he largely contributed 1849 to death; established
ragged schools and other charities; author of Loreto and
Nazareth: two lectures containing the result of personal
investigation of the two sanctuaries 1863. d. The Oratory,
Brompton 12 July 1863. Gillow’s English Catholics, iii, 511–4
(1887).
Note.—He left by his will dated 7 July 1860 all his property to the Brompton
oratory, will disputed by his brother in law Dr. Alfred Smee but its validity
affirmed in case of Knox v. Smee, Court of Probate 1864. Annual Register
(1864) 232–41.
HUTCHISON, Rev. William Corston (2 son of Robert Hutchison of
Fincham, Norfolk). Matric. from Worcester coll. Ox. 6 May 1841
aged 19; Curate of St. Mary’s, Devonport 1848–50; Curate of
St. Endellion, Cornwall 1850–1; joined Church of Rome Aug.
1851; lived chiefly abroad rest of his life; tutor to Prince
Imperial of France; a member of the third order of St. Francis;
a chevalier of Holy Cross of Jerusalem; private chamberlain to
Pius ix. and Leo xiii.; had a great share in production of Dr. Fan
di Bruno’s Catholic Belief. d. Holly Place, Hampstead 9 Sep.
1883 aged 63. bur. Leytonstone cemet. Gillow’s English
Catholics, iii, 514–5 (1887).
HUTH, Frederick. b. Hanover 1777; settled at Corunna, landed in
England 1809, naturalized by act 59 Geo. iii. cap. 90 (1819);

founded house of F. Huth and Co. merchants, City of London
1816; one of most eminent merchants of City of London; had
order of Charles iii. of Spain. d. 33 Upper Harley st. London 14
Jany. 1864, personalty sworn under £500,000, 5 March.
HUTH, Henry (3 son of the preceding). b. London 1815; ed. at
Rusden’s sch. Leith hill, Surrey to 1833; travelled in Germany,
France and the U.S. of A. 1836–9; joined a firm in Mexico
1840; in a firm at Hamburg 1844–9; merchant in London 1849
to death; purchased books at all the important sales, also daily
at chief booksellers; with the single exception of Lord Spencer
had finest private library then known; member of Philobiblon
Society 1863, of Roxburgh club 1866; treasurer and pres. of
royal hospital for incurables 1861; printed Ancient ballads and
broadsides 1867; Inedited poetical miscellanies 1584–1700.
1870; Fugitive Tracts 1493–1700. 2 vols. 1875 and other
books. d. 30 Prince’s gate, London 10 Dec. 1878. bur. Bolney
ch. yard, Sussex. Times 14 Dec. 1878 p. 9; Athenæum 21 Dec.
1878 p. 803; Academy 21 Dec. 1878 p. 583; The Huth library.
A catalogue of books, manuscripts, letters and engravings,
collected by H. Huth 5 vols. (1880).
HUTHERSAL, Rev. Cort (son of John Huthersal of Ardwick green,
Manchester, schoolmaster). Ed. at Manchester school and St.
John’s coll. Cam., B.A. 1818, M.A. 1821; C. of St. Mary’s,
Manchester; C. of All Saints, Leamington to about 1837, lived
at Leamington rest of his life; author of Synopsis of the various
administrations for the government of England from the year
1756 to 1842. London 1842, anon. d. Leamington 14 Sep.
1859.
HUTHWAITE, Sir Edward (eld. son of William Huthwaite, draper,
Nottingham). bapt. St. Peter’s, Nottingham 24 June 1793; ed.
at military academy Woolwich; second lieut. Bengal artillery 12
Nov. 1810, lieut.-col. 3 July 1845, col. commandant 23 Jany.
1854 to death; L.G. 6 March 1868; C.B. 3 April 1846, K.C.B. 2
June 1869; served in India 1810 to his death, and was present

at Sobraon, Chillianwalla and Goojrat. d. Sherwood, Nynee Tal,
India 5 April 1873. I.L.N. lxii, 475 (1873).
HUTHWAITE, Henry. b. 1769; entered Bengal army 1795; colonel
15 Bengal N.I. 1837–52; colonel 42 Bengal N.I. 1852 to death;
L.G. 11 Nov. 1851. d. Hoveringham, Notts. 5 Dec. 1853.
HUTT, Sir George (son of Richard Hutt of Appley Towers, Ryde,
Isle of Wight). b. 1809; lieut. Bombay artillery 28 Sep. 1827,
major 12 Sep. 1855 to 9 Nov. 1858 when he retired; served
during Scinde and Afghan campaigns 1839–44, in Persia 1857,
and Indian mutiny 1857–8; M.G. 18 Jany. 1859; sec. to comrs.
of Chelsea hospital 6 March 1865 to 13 March 1885; C.B. 26
Feb. 1846, K.C.B. 21 June 1887; edited Papers illustrative of
the history of the royal hospital at Chelsea 1872. d. Appley
Towers, Ryde, Isle of Wight 27 Sep. 1889. Times 31 Oct. 1889
p. 10.
HUTT, Richard. b. 1803; assistant to George Cawthorne of the
circulating library 24 Cockspur st., London May 1825, managed
the business for the widow 1833–50, and was partner with her
son 1850–74 when the latter retired. d. 24 Cockspur st. 8 Nov.
1876 aged 73. Bookseller Dec. 1876 p. 1143; Publisher’s
Circular Dec. 1876 p. 920.
Note.—This was the first circulating library in London, it was commenced at
132 Strand in 1740 by Wright, who was succeeded by Batho. John Bell next
became the proprietor of the business and was followed by G. Cawthorne who
removed to Cockspur st. in 1807.
HUTT, Sir William (brother of Sir George Hutt, 1809–89). b. 2
Chester place, Lambeth, Surrey 6 Oct. 1801; ed. at St. Mary’s
hall, Ox. Feb. to Aug. 1820 and at Trin. coll. Cam., B.A. 1827,
M.A. 1831; M.P. Hull 1832–41; M.P. Gateshead 1841–74; V.P. of
board of trade and paymaster general 22 Feb. 1860 to Nov.
1865; P.C. 22 Feb. 1860; negotiated a treaty of commerce
between Great Britain and Austria 27 Feb. 1865 etc.; member
of mixed commission at Vienna to examine into Austrian Tariff

1 March 1865; K.C.B. 27 Nov. 1865. d. Appley Towers, Ryde,
Isle of Wight 24 Nov. 1882.
HUTTON, Edward. b. 1797; L.R.C.S. Ireland 1819, F.R.C.S. 1824,
president 1852, sec. June 1853 to June 1865; M.B. Dublin
1822, M.D. 1842; president of pathological society of Dublin;
M.R.I.A.; contributed to Dublin medical journal and other
periodicals. d. 5 Merrion square south, Dublin 24 Nov. 1865.
HUTTON, Frederick. b. 1801; entered navy 28 Jany. 1813;
captain 3 July 1844; governor of Ascension 12 Nov. 1846; R.A.
1 April 1863. d. Tunbridge Wells 6 March 1866.
HUTTON, George. Entered Madras army 1811; colonel 22 Madras
N.I. 1860 to death; M.G. 4 July 1856. d. Vizianagram, Madras
28 Aug. 1861.
HUTTON, Henry. Called to the bar in Ireland 1822, Q.C. 7 Feb.
1849; chairman of quarter sessions, co. Roscommon to death.
d. 1859.
HUTTON, Rev. Henry (son of lieut. general Henry Hutton, d.
1827). b. Moate, Westmeath 1808; ed. at Wad. coll. Ox., B.A.
1830, M.A. 1833; C. of Lidlington, Beds. 1832; P.C. of Woburn,
Beds. 1834–49; chaplain to duke of Bedford 1839; R. of St.
Paul’s, Covent Garden, London 1849 to death; author of
Lectures, doctrinal, explanatory and practical on the English
liturgy. Woburn 1848; An account of the charitable institutions
in parish of Saint Paul, Covent Garden 1858. d. 7 Henrietta st.
Covent Garden 23 June 1863. Sermons on the Lord’s Prayer. By
H. Hutton (1863), Memoir pp. i-xlviii.
HUTTON, James Frederick (son of Wm. M. Hutton). b. London
1826; an African merchant and manufacturer of cotton goods
at Manchester; Belgian consul at Manchester 11 Aug. 1887 to
death; pres. of Manchester chamber of commerce; F.R.G.S.;
M.P. for North division of Manchester 1885 to 1886. d. Cairo 1
March 1890.

HUTTON, Rev. Peter. b. Holbeck near Leeds 29 June 1811; ed. at
Benedictine college, Ampleforth; studied at Univ. of Louvain
1836–9; ordained priest 24 Sep. 1839; pres. of St. Peter’s
college, Prior Park near Bath, and professor of Latin and Greek
there Sep. 1839 to July 1841; entered the Order of Charity at
Loughborough, Leics. 5 July 1841; rector of the college of
Order of Charity near village of Ratcliffe-on-the-Wreak near
Leicester 23 Nov. 1844, vice pres. 2 July 1850, pres. 1 Nov.
1851 to death; translated all the Latin and Greek authors read
in the schools at Ratcliffe. d. Ratcliffe college 2 Sep. 1880. J.
Hirst’s Brief memoir of Father Hutton. Market Weighton, St.
William’s press (1886); Gillow’s English Catholics, iii, 517–21
(1887).
HUTTON, Robert Howard (son of Robert Hutton). b. Soulby,
Westmoreland 26 July 1840; farmer Milnthorpe 1863–9; bone
setter at 74 Gloucester place, Portman sq. London 1871–9, at
36 Queen Anne st. Cavendish sq. 1879 to death; had an
extensive practice and made much money; a well known
huntsman at Melton Mowbray. d. University coll. hospital,
London from taking laudanum in error for a black draught 16
July 1887.
Note.—His uncle Richard Hutton was a bone setter at Wyndham place,
Crawford st. London for many years and d. Gilling lodge, Watford 6 Jany.
1871 aged 70. Among his successful cures were the Hon. Spencer Ponsonby
in 1865 and George Moore the philanthropist in 1869.
HUTTON, Rev. Wyndham Madden (son of Rev. John Hutton of
Granby, Notts.) Matric. from St. Edmund hall, Ox. 7 July 1849
aged 18; at St. Bees 1854; V. of St. Paul, Tipton, Staffs. 1861–
9; V. of Kirk-Christ-Lezayre, Isle of Man 1869–77; V. of Twyford
with Hungarton and Thorpe-Satchville, Leics. 1877 to death;
author of Poems. By A member of the university of Oxford.
Oxford 1851; Gottfried’s pilgrimage: an allegory 1866, 3 ed.
1868; Bertha’s Dream and other tales. Frome Selwood 1868;
The unconquered island. Ramsay 1873. d. Hungarton vicarage
18 Jany. 1882.

HUY, John. Acting manager of Court theatre, London under Marie
Litton, Jany. 1871 to March 1875 and under John Hare, March
1875 to 19 July 1879; acting manager of St. James’s theatre,
London under John Hare and W. H. Kendall 4 Oct. 1879 to 21
July 1888; ruptured his liver by falling on the stone stairs at his
residence 3 Langham place, Regent st. London 29 Nov. 1891.
d. 30 Nov. 1891 aged 57. The Era 5 Dec. 1891 p. 9 col. 4.
HUYSHE, Alfred (youngest son of Rev. John Huyshe of Exeter
1772–1851). b. 1811; ed. at Addiscombe; 2 lieut. Bengal
artillery 13 Dec. 1827; col. R.A. 29 April 1861 to 31 Oct. 1867;
inspector general of artillery in India 1867–73; general 1 Oct.
1877; C.B. 2 June 1877. d. 46 Onslow sq. London 25 Feb. 1880
in 69 year. Graphic xxii, 196 (1880), portrait.
HUYSHE, George (brother of the preceding). b. 1804; ensign 13
Bengal N.I. 22 March 1820; col. Bengal infantry 15 Nov. 1853;
general 19 Feb. 1872; C.B. 27 Sep. 1843. d. Guernsey 6 Oct.
1881.
HUYSHE, George Lightfoot (2 son of the preceding). b. 1839;
ensign rifle brigade 18 April 1856, capt. 19 Dec. 1862; served
with 83 regt. in Indian mutiny 1857–9, in pursuit of Tantia
Topee 1858–9, medal; on Sir G. Wolseley’s staff on Red river
expedition 1870; D.A.A.G. on Sir Garnet Wolseley’s staff;
author of The Red river expedition 1871; with H. Brackenbury
of Fanti and Ashanti 1873. d. Prah-su, Ashantee 18 Jany. 1874.
Graphic, ix, 218, 229 (1874), portrait.
HYDE, Edgar (youngest son of Rev. Henry Woodd Cock Hyde of
Camberwell, Surrey). b. 27 May 1829; ed. at St. Paul’s sch. and
C.C. coll. Ox., junior math. scholar 1847–57, fellow 1857–68;
B.A. 1851, M.A. 1854; barrister I.T. 11 June 1862; practised at
Calcutta 1862–71; edited Reports of cases in Court of
judicature at Fort William, Calcutta 1864; author of The Indian
succession act, with introduction and synopsis 1865. d.
Folkestone 27 Jany. 1891.

HYDE, George Hooton (son of Rev. George Hooton Hyde, R. of
Wareham, Dorset). b. 1798; 2 lieut. R.A. 7 July 1817, captain
18 Aug. 1843 to 14 Jany. 1852 when he retired on full pay;
general 1 Oct. 1877. d. 13 Albert place, Victoria road,
Kensington, London 8 March 1879.
HYDE, Henry (brother of Edgar Hyde 1829–91). b. St. Giles,
Camberwell 1825; ed. Addiscombe to 1844; 2 lieut. Bengal
engineers 7 June 1844; engaged in forming Cis-Sutlej states
roads 1847; at siege of Mooltan and battle of Goojrat 1849;
raised the Pathan companies of the sappers 1858; deputy
consulting engineer railway department, N.W. provinces and
Bengal 1859–60; inspector general of public works accounts,
Bengal 1861; master of Calcutta mint Jany. 1862 to Jany.
1876, superintended paper currency department 1862–70;
president Asiatic soc. Calcutta; inspector general of stores,
India office, London 1876 to death; retired from royal
engineers 17 Feb. 1878; hon. major general 17 Feb. 1878. d.
Burntwood, Caterham, Surrey 23 Oct. 1887. Min. of Proc. of
I.C.E. xci, 462–6 (1888).
HYDE, Rev. John. b. London 26 Feb. 1833; joined the Church of
the Latter day saints 1849, preached Mormonism in France
1852, went to Salt Lake city 1853, lectured against Mormonism
in the Sandwich islands and the United States of America and
England 1855–6; bapt. by Dr. Jonathan Bayley in Argyle sq. ch.
London and became a Swedenborgian 1858; minister at
Brightlingsea 1859–61, at Derby 1861–6, and at Manchester
1866 to death; president of the New Jerusalem Church
conference in London three times; author of Mormonism, its
leaders and designs. New York 1857; Swedenborg, the man of
the age 1859; The serpent that beguiled Eve 1862; The
doctrine of substitution 1880, new ed. 1882; wrote under
pseud. of A Bible Student Our eternal homes 1864, several
editions; Bible Photographs, a contrast between righteousness
and wickedness 1865 and other books. d. Milford, Derbyshire
18 Aug. 1875. Intellectual Repository, Oct. 1875 pp. 468–77;

Publishers’ Circular 1 Sep. 1875 pp. 635–6; I.L.N. lxv, 229, 230
(1874), portrait.
HYDES, John P. Best known actor in New Zealand where he first
appeared as Chizzler in the farce of But-However 23 April
1849; built Duke of Edinburgh theatre at Hokilika; held every
position in the profession from checktaker to proprietor; great
burlesque actor; appeared at Maguire’s opera house, San
Francisco as Pauline in burlesque of Lady of Lyons 30 April
1859. d. Melbourne early in 1883.
HYETT, William Henry (eld. son of Rev. Henry Cay Adams of
Shrewsbury, d. 1808). b. 2 Sep. 1795; ed. at Westminster,
matric. from Ch. Ch. Ox. 21 Oct. 1813; swam across the
Hellespont from Sestos to Abydos in 1 hour and 50 minutes;
assumed name of Hyett upon succeeding to estates of
Benjamin Hyett 1815; M.P. Stroud 13 Dec. 1832 to 30 Dec.
1834; made experiments on growth of trees by watering with
chymical solutions; taught mechanical drawing in his schools at
Painswick; founder of Gloucestershire eye institution 1866;
made translations from Horace, Goethe, Victor Hugo and
Filicaja which he privately printed; F.R.S. d. Painswick house,
Gloucs. 10 March 1877. Times 13 March 1877 p. 10.
HYLAND, Most Rev. Thomas Raymond. b. Dublin 3 Nov. 1837;
entered Dominican order at Tallaght, Feb. 1856; ordained
priest in Rome 22 Dec. 1864; consecrated bishop of Euria, in
partibus, in Rome 30 April 1882 and appointed coadjutor
archbishop of Trinidad, West Indies. d. Trinidad 9 Oct. 1884.
HYLES, William (eld. son of Georges Hyles of Canute castle hotel,
Southampton). b. 1843; proprietor of the York music hall,
Southampton from its foundation 1873 to death. d. Royal York
hotel, above Bar, Southampton 30 Aug. 1878.
HYLTON, William George Hylton Joliffe, 1 Baron (elder child of
Rev. Wm. John Hylton of Merstham, Surrey d. 31 Jany. 1835).
b. Little Argyle st. London 7 Dec. 1800; cornet 15 hussars 10

April 1817; captain 29 foot 22 April 1824 to 24 June 1824
when placed on h.p.; cr. baronet 20 Aug. 1821; M.P. Petersfield
1830–34, 1841–66; under sec. of state for home department
March 1852 to Dec. 1852; parliamentary sec. to treasury
March 1858 to June 1859; P.C. 18 June 1859; whip to
conservative party in house of commons; created baron Hylton
of Hylton, co. Durham and of Petersfield, Hants. 16 July 1866.
d. Merstham house, Redhill, Surrey 1 June 1876. I.L.N. xxxii
312 (1858) portrait, li 609, 610 (1867) portrait, lxviii 575
(1876).
HYMAN, Rev. Orlando Haydon Bridgman (1 son of Simon Hyman of
Devonport). b. 1814; ed. at Wadham coll. Ox., scholar 1830–5,
senior fellow 1835 to death; B.A. 1834, M.A. 1840; a well
known Greek scholar; had a remarkably tenacious memory,
tore up his books when he had read them. d. Porchester place,
Oxford sq., London 9 Dec. 1878. Times 18 Dec. 1878 p. 11; N.
and Q. 5 Series xi, 201–2 (1879).
HYMERS, Rev. John (son of a farmer). b. Ormsby in Cleveland,
Yorkshire 20 July 1803; a sizar at St. John’s coll. Cam. 1822; 2
wrangler 1826, B.A. 1826, B.D. 1836, D.D. 1841; fellow of his
coll. 1827, assistant tutor 1829, tutor 1832, senior fellow
1838–52, pres. 1848–52; lady Margaret preacher in Univ. of
Cam. 1841–52; R. of Brandesburton in Holderness, Yorkshire
1852 to death; F.R.S. 31 May 1838; author of The theory of
Equations 1837, 3 ed. 1858; The Integral Calculus 1844; A
treatise on spherical trigonometry 1841 and other books; left
nearly all his property to found a gram. sch. at Hull, but
bequest invalid under statute of mortmain, his brother Robert
Hymers gave £50,000 for same purpose Jany. 1891. d.
Brandesburton 7 April 1887. F. Ross’s Celebrities of the
Yorkshire wolds (1878) p. 84.

Crafting And Executing Strategy 19th Edition Thompson Solutions Manual

INDEX.
This Index contains references to the most important, curious and
interesting facts, to be found in the pages of this work.
A
Aberdeen, granite from first used in public works 1136;
lives of eminent men of 451;
Marischal coll. lord rectors 971, 1448,
Marischal coll., univ. of Aberdeen and King’s coll. fused 628,
univ. chancellor 6,
univ. lord rectors 76, 976, 1086, 1586,
univ. principal 533.
Aberdeenshire, lords lieutenant 6, 1599.
Aberystwyth, university coll. burnt 1588.
Abipones, account of the 675.
Absolon, John, scene painter 1243.
Absorption, the pressure of 1596.
Abyssinia, king Theodore 522,
Theodore’s general Bell 228,
prince of, death of 9,
travellers in 223,
war in 522.
Achilli, Giacinto, case of 1361.
Achonry, bishop of 930.

Acids, graphitic discovered 409.
Aconite, tincture of 1067.
Acting, rapid study 1285.
Actors see also Circus proprietors, Clowns, Columbines, Conjurors,
Dancers, Dramatists, Entertainers, Equestrian performers,
Gymnasts, Harlequins, Jugglers, Lecturers, Lion tamers, Negro
minstrels, Panoramas, Pantaloons, Pantomimists, Polander
performers, Singers, Somersault throwers, Theatres, Theatrical
managers, Tight-rope dancers, Trapeze performers, Ventriloquists
and Wire walkers;
Barnes 172,
Barnett 174,
Bateman 190,
Bedford 225,
Belford 225,
Belmore 236,
Bennett, G. J. 241,
Bennett, J. 242,
Bennett, W. 244,
Betty 265,
Beverley, E. 267,
Beverley, H. 267,
Bland 308,
Bone 1345,
Booth, J. B. 338,
Booth, Sarah 339,
Boothby 340,
Braid 378,
Brooke 416,
Brothers 1527,
Browne 444,
Buckstone 465,
Bunn 473,
Burton 495,

Calvert, C. A. 519,
Calvert, F. B. 520,
Cartlitch 564,
Celeste 579,
Chatterley 579,
Clark 630,
Clarke 633,
Colville 1546,
Compton 689,
Conway 696,
Cony 697,
Cooke, G. 701,
Cooke, J. 702,
Cooke, T. P. 703,
Cooper 710,
Coote 713,
Cowell, J. L. 735,
Cowell, S. H. 735,
Cowle 737,
Craven 752,
Cushman 796,
Dale 801,
Daly 808,
Davison 833,
De Bar 844,
De Walden 869,
Dewar 869,
Dickson 876,
Dillon 879,
Dinneford 880,
Don 893,
Donaldson 894,
Donnelly 896,
Dowton 910 bis.,
Drake 914,
Drew 917,

Drift 925,
Dyott 849,
Eburn 955,
Edgar 958,
Edwin, E. R. 967,
Edwin, J. 968,
Eldred 973,
Elliston 988,
Emery 991,
Everard 1006,
Farley 1021,
Farquharson 1023,
Farren, H. 1025,
Farren, H. E. 1025,
Farren, W. 1025,
Farren, W. 1025,
Fechter 1030,
Fenton 1033,
Field 1042,
Fisher, C. 1052,
Fisher, D. 1052,
Fisher, W. D. 1054,
Fitzwilliam, Edward 1065,
Fitzwilliam, Ellen 1065,
Fitzwilliam F. E. 1065,
Foote 1344,
Freer 1104,
Furtado 633, 1113,
Gardner 1122,
Glover 1158,
Glyn 805, 1161,
Gomersal 1169,
Goodall, A. and I. 1172,
Gourlay 1192,
Grattan, H. P. 1209,
Grattan, Mrs. 1209,

Green 1224,
Grimaldi 1254,
Guerint 1254,
Hale, C. B. 1277,
Hale, C. F. 1278,
Hall 1285,
Hamblin 1297,
Hamilton 1306,
Harland 1546,
Harley 1340,
Harlowe 1340,
Hartland 1361,
Harvey 1366,
Hatton 1377,
Hazlewood 1403,
Heath 1410,
Henderson 1424,
Hengler 1424,
Herbert 1440,
Heron 1445,
Hicks 1461,
Hill, E. 1470,
Hill, T. 1475,
Hilton 1478,
Hodson 1499,
Holl 1506,
Holland 1508,
Holman 1512,
Holt 1518,
Honey 1521,
Honner, M. 1522,
Honner, R. W. 1231, 1522,
Hooper 1527,
Horncastle 1538,
Horsman, Chas. d. 1886, 1543,
Horsman, Charlotte 1543,

Hoskins 1545,
Howell 1557,
Hows 1561,
Howson, F. 1561,
Howson, J. 1561,
Huddart 1565,
Hudson 1567,
Hudspeth 1568,
Hughes, F. 1571,
Hughes, J. C. 1575,
Hughes, J. H. 1575,
Hughes, T. 1576,
Humby 1583,
Huntley 1600,
Hydes 1611,
Jordan 1056,
Kemble, C. 1523,
Kemble, J. P. 869,
Leclercq 1522,
Macarthy 1522,
Mackay 1192,
Menken 1417,
Nicholl 1349,
Nisbett 340,
Nye 597,
O’Neill 215,
Paul 1072,
Phelps 1231,
Power 1567,
Ristori 1483,
Russell 1565,
Saville 1025,
Sothern 1421,
Thompson 1421,
Vokes 944,
Warner 1565,

Wild 1428.
Actors, Singers and others. Stage names, Given names, etc. See also
Names.
Addison, Edward P. i.e. E. P. Haddy 22.
Addison, Laura i.e. L. Wilmshurst 23.
African Roscius i.e. Ira F. Aldridge 41.
Agnesi, Louis F. L. i.e. L. F. L. Agniez 29.
Arnold, Henry Thomas i.e. Henry Thomas Arden 82.
Artois, The flying wonder i.e. John Lilley 92.
Barrett, Wilson i.e. William Henry Barrett 1410.
Beatrice, Mademoiselle i.e. Marie Beatrice Binda 209.
Belmore, George i.e. George Belmore Garstin 236.
Beverley, Edward i.e. E. Dickenson 267.
Beverley, Henry i.e. H. Roxby 267.
Braham, John i.e. John Abraham 378.
Brizzi, Signor i.e. Francesco A. S. Bisteghi 404.
Brooke, Edwin Harcourt i.e. Edwin J. M. Brook 415.
Calcraft, John William i.e. John W. Cole 513.
Caradori-Allan, Maria C. R. i.e. M. C. R. de Munck 541.
Celeste, Madame i.e. Celeste Elliott 579.
Chew, Mr. i.e. James Henry Chute 620.
Christoff, George i.e. George Christopher 617.
Clements, Frank i.e. Robert Menti 644.
Clifton, Harry i.e. Henry Robert Clifton 649.
Collins, Sam i.e. Samuel Thomas Collins Vagg 680.
Compton, Henry i.e. Charles Mackenzie 689.
Conquest, Benjamin Oliver i.e. Benjamin Oliver 695.
Cowper, John Curtis i.e. John Curtis 739.
Cox, Harry i.e. Oliver James Bussley 742.
Crosmond, Rosa i.e. Helen Turner 770.
Cure, The Perfect i.e. James Hurst Stead 312.
Diavolo, Joel Il, also known as Joel Benedict 870.
Diavolo, Joel Il i.e. John Delany 870.
Dibdin, Charles i.e. Charles I. M. Pitt 871.
Dog Star, The i.e. Barkham Cony 697.

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