Creating an Inclusive School - Unit 1 Understanding the Disability – 3 Morbidity/Physically Challenged
- 1. Creating an Inclusive School Unit 1 Understanding the Disability – 3 Morbidity/Physically Challenged @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 4. Meaning of Morbidity The rate of incidence of a disease Particular disease in a specific locality An abnormally gloomy or unhealthy state of mind; "his fear of being alone verges on morbidity" The quality of being unhealthful and generally bad @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 5. Meaning of Physically Challenged Limitation/difficulty of Physical functioning of a person in mobility, dexterity and stamina Limits facets of daily living @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 6. Meaning of Physically Challenged Reduced ability, or inability, to perform body movements Inability, to perform 1. Walking 2. Moving hands/arms 3. Sitting 4. Standing 5. Controlling muscles @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 7. Meaning of Physically Challenged Physical disabilities may affect, either temporarily or permanently, a person’s physical capacity and/or mobility A person may be born with a physical disability or acquire it later in life through accident, injury, illness or side effects of medical treatment @GovindarajSPh.D
- 8. Examples of Physically Challenged @GovindarajS Ph.D Cerebral palsy Spinal cord injury Amputation Multiple sclerosis Spina bifida Musculoskeletal injuries (e.g., back injury) Arthritis Muscular dystrophy
- 9. Types of Physically Challenged Upper limb(s) disability Lower limb(s) disability Acquired brain injury Spinal Cord injury Spina bifida Epilepsy Muscular Dystrophy Dwarfism @GovindarajS Ph.D Manual dexterity Disability in co-ordination with different organs of the body Cerebral Palsy Cystic fibrosis Multiple Sclerosis Tourette Syndrome
- 10. Types of Physically Challenged 1. Acquired brain injury Damage that happens to the brain after birth Causes – 1. Blow to the head 2. Alcohol or drugs 3. Stroke 4. Infection 5. Disease such as AIDs or cancer or a lack of oxygen @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 11. Types of Physically Challenged 1. Acquired brain injury Trouble in processing information Difficulty in planning and solving problems Changes in behaviour and personality, physical and sensory abilities, or thinking and learning The effects can be temporary or permanent. @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 13. Types of Physically Challenged - 2. Spinal Cord injury Excess pressure on Spinal Cord Loss of function such as mobility or feeling Injury/ Accident Results in Quadriplegia (loss of function below the neck) Results in Paraplegia (loss of function below the chest) Blood and Oxygen supply cut @GovindarajS Ph.D@GovindarajS Ph.D
- 14. Types of Physically Challenged – 3. Spina Bifida Incomplete formation of the spine and spinal cord in utero Paralysis or weakness in the legs Bowel and bladder incontinence @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 15. Types of Physically Challenged – 3. Spina Bifida Hydrocephalus (too much fluid in the brain cavities) Deformities of the spine Learning difficulties @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 16. Types of Physically Challenged – 3. Spina Bifida Genetic Factors Environmental Factors Adequate intake of Folate (B- Vitamins) by the mother in early pregnancy @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 17. Types of Physically Challenged – 4. Cerebral Palsy Injury to the developing brain before or during birth Reduced blood supply and lack of oxygen to the brain Illnesses during pregnancy such as rubella (the German measles) Accidental injury to the brain @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 18. Types of Physically Challenged – 4. Cerebral Palsy Involuntary Movements Meningitis in young children Weakness, Difficulty in Walking Lack of Muscle Control Problems with Coordination @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 19. Inherited Genetic condition Respiratory, Digestive and Reproductiv e systems Types of Physically Challenged – 5.Cystic Fibrosis Mucus and Sweat glands in the body @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 20. Sinus infections, Liver damage Diabetes, Diarrhoea, Infertility Types of Physically Challenged – 5.Cystic Fibrosis Fatigue, Cramps and Dehydration @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 21. TypesofPhysically Challenged–6.Epilepsy Neurological condition – recurring seizures Sudden burst of electric activity in the brain Seizure cause – unusual movement, odd feelings or sensation Seizure cause – Change in behaviour, Lose Consciousness@GovindarajS Ph.D
- 22. TypesofPhysically Challenged–6.Epilepsy Causes – Brain Injury, Stroke, Cancer Causes – Brain Infection, Structural Abnormalities of brain@GovindarajS Ph.D
- 23. Types of Physically Challenged – 7. Multiple Sclerosis Myelin Sheath damaged, causing patches and Scars Myelin Sheath – Protective tissue around nerve fibres Scars interfere the messages sent from Central Nervous System Affects brain, optic nerves and spinal cord @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 24. Types of Physically Challenged – 7. Multiple Sclerosis - Symptoms Fatigue Depression Cognitive Difficulties Memory Loss Visual Disturbances Loss of Motor Control Tingling – unusual sensation in hands, feet, arms and leg Numbness – loss of sensation and feelings @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 25. Types of Physically Challenged 8. Muscular Dystrophy Genetic Disorder Progressive and Irreversible weakness and loss of Muscle Mass @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 26. Types of Physically Challenged 8. Muscular Dystrophy Symptoms Difficulty in Walking Trouble in Breathing and Swallowing Restriction in Joint motion Heart and other organ problems @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 27. Types of Physically Challenged 9. Tourette Syndrome Vocal tics - Blurting out socially unacceptable words or phrases Neurological order Involuntary and repetitive vocalisations, sounds, and movements Vocal tics – Sniffing and throat clearing Vocal tics - Tongue clicking and grunting @GovindarajSPh.D
- 28. Types of Physically Challenged 9. Tourette Syndrome Motor tics - Nose twitching and Head jerking Motor tics - Eye blinking and shrugging Motor tics - Facial expressions and touching objects or people Motor tics - Spinning around Motor tics - Imitating someone else’s actions, or jumping up and down. Motor tics - Jumping up and down. @GovindarajSPh.D
- 29. Types of Physically Challenged 10. Dwarfism Short stature (abnormal skeletal growth) Caused by over 300 genetic or medical conditions Adult height of 4 feet 10 inches or less @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 30. Types of Physically Challenged 10. Dwarfism @GovindarajS Ph.D 2 Categories of Dwarfism Disproportionate Dwarfism Proportionate Dwarfism
- 31. Types of Physically Challenged 10. Dwarfism @GovindarajS Ph.D Disproportionate Dwarfism Some parts of the body are smaller Other parts of the body are average or above average
- 32. Types of Physically Challenged 10. Dwarfism @GovindarajS Ph.D Proportionate Dwarfism Body is averagely Proportioned All parts of body is small to the same degree
- 33. Causes of Physically Challenged @GovindarajS Ph.D Hereditary or Congenital Acquired
- 34. CausesofPhysicallyChallenged HereditaryorCongenital Condition since birth Inherited genetic problems Issue with muscle cells Suffered injury during birth @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 35. CausesofPhysicallyChallenged Acquired Severe Accidents Brain injuries Infections, diseases Side effect of disorders Side effect of medical condition – Stroke and Dementia @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 37. Redesign - Appropriate seating Frequent and Flexible breaks Providing Assistive Technology Wheel Chair – Accomodation to sit comfort Supportive Environment Offer discretion (quality of behaving or speaking) Make Eye contact and speak directly Sit down to speak at the same eye level TeachingStrategiesforstudents withPhysicallyChallenged @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 38. Simple Pencil grips or ergonomically designed pens Hand made adaptations Voice recognition software – instead of typing Active Participation of activities in classroom Provide Assistance to complete projects/assignments Handouts in alternative formats Arrange the room to move around easily Larger desk – Books, Papers etc. TeachingStrategiesforstudents withPhysicallyChallenged @GovindarajS Ph.D
- 39. Arrange Scribe for taking notes Identify the area of experience – handle according to that Collect feedback Provide Guidance and Counselling Encourage Independence Encourage support from peers TeachingStrategiesforstudents withPhysicallyChallenged @GovindarajS Ph.D Encourage Communication Provide adjustable desks